目的：分析非散瞳状态下的小学生眼屈光状态。

方法：采用横断面调查设计，对城区小学生2046人 (4092眼) 进行电脑自动验光，数据采用 SPSS10.0 软件行统计分析。

结果：在4092眼中 ,正视眼1309眼 (32.0%)，远视眼170眼 (4.2%)，近视眼2613眼 (63.8%)。 其中低度近视2102眼 (51.4%)，中度近视464眼 (11.3%)，高度近视47眼 (1.1%)。 其中，男生1348眼近视 (61.2%)，女生1265眼近视 (67%)。6个年级中正视眼比例逐渐下降 , 1年级正视眼占 45.5%、6年级正视眼占19.2%。平均屈光度 (-1.32±1.60) D，小学六个年级屈光度比较差异有统计学意义 (P < 0.01)，其中女生的平均近视程度较男生重，男女屈光度比较差异有统计学意义 (P < 0.01)。小学6年间近视的进展为 -1.0 D，平均 -0.2 D/y。

结论：我国小学生近视情况严重 ，应予以重视 ，加强早期干预 。

Purpose: To observe the eyes' refractive status without cycloplegia in 2046 pupils.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2046 pupils of 4092 eyes in Xi‘an city primary schools. The objective ophthalmic examinations were done on all participants, which included non-cycloplegic objective refraction, visual acuity, ocular pressure, fundus evaluation by special trained ophthalmologists and nurses. The special designed inventory scale was filled in and input special computer program, then the data were statistically analyzed with SPSS10.0.

Results: In the primary school of 2046 pupils of 4092 eyes,  the detective rate of emmetropia was 32.0% of 1309 eyes, hypermetropia was 4.2% of 170 eyes, myopia was 63.8% of 2613 eyes, low myopia was 51.4% of 2102 eyes, moderate myopia was 11.3% of 464 eyes, and high myopia was 1.1% of 47 eyes in total. In both eyes, the detective rate was  61.2% of 1348 eyes in 2204 boys,  67% of 1265 in 1888 girls. Among 6 grades , the constituent ratio of moderate and high myopia groups were significantly increased with the age,s growing, including emmetropia 45.5% of 343 eyes out of 754 in 1^st grade and 19.2% of 122 eyes out of 634 in 6^th grade. The average refractive error of spherical equivalent refraction was (-1.32±1.60) D. Among 6 grades, the 1^st grade, was (0.82±1.42) D , and the 6^th grade’s was (-1.82±1.68) D, there were significant differences among 6 grades (P < 0.01). There was a significant difference between girls and boys (P < 0.01).  The average myopizing rate was -0.2 D per year, -1.0 D in the total of the progression in 6 years.

Conclusion: Poor condition of myopizing was showed in Chinese pupils. It should be taking seriously and making early intervention. 

目的: 研究 TGF-β1 短期眼部应用对兔角膜碱烧伤后整合素 β1 表达和角膜上皮愈合的影响,探求其对角膜碱烧伤的治疗作用。

方法: 制备大耳白家兔角膜碱烧伤模型, 一组给予 TGF-β1 (浓度为 200 ng /ml) 局部滴眼, 每日 3 次, 连续 7 日; 另一组给予 PBS 溶液代替, 处理相同。于角膜碱烧伤后每日观察角膜上皮愈合面积, 并于烧伤后 6 h、1 d、3 d、7 d 和 14 d 5 个时间点应用免疫组化方法检测 TGF-β1 实验组与 PBS 组角膜整合素 β1 表达情况。

结果: 烧伤后 4 d、10 d、11 d、12 d 和 14 d 实验组和对照组上皮愈合率比较, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05) , 两组随着上皮修复过程的进行, 整合素 β1 的表达均逐渐增加, 烧伤后 7 d、14 d两个时间点实验组和对照组整合素 β1 平均灰度值比较, 差异有显著性(P < 0.05) 。

结论: TGF-β1 在活体实验中能促进整合素 β1 的表达, 而后者的增加可以促进角膜上皮细胞向损伤区域的移行和粘附, 从而减少碱烧伤愈合过程中上皮再次脱落现象, 有利于创伤愈合。

Purpose: To observe the effect of TGF-β1 applied topically to the alkali-injured rabbit eye on corneal epithelial wound healing and expression of integrin β1 and its therapeutic action on corneal alkali burns.
Methods: Alkali burn was produced in 60 corneas from 30 rabbits. Two groups were randomly divided. One group was treated with TGF-β1 solution (200 ng /ml) topically 3 times one day within the first 7 days, the other group was treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. The injured eyes were photographed after the fluorescence staining with a digital camera and the pictures were analyzed with computer-aided picture analysis system to calculate the rate of corneal epithelial healing. The expression of integrin β1 was investigated in the point 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d after the injury by means of immunohistochemical analysis.
Results: On the 4th, 10th, 11st, 12nd and 14th days after the burning, the rate of corneal epithelial healing of TGF-β1 groups was markedly higher than that of the PBS group (P < 0.05) . The expression of integrin β1 in the cornea epithelial cells gradually increased during the wound healing. On the 7th and 14th days after the burning, the expression of integrin β1 in the cornea epithelial cells of TGF-β1 group was remarkably  higher than that of the PBS group(P < 0.05) .

Conclusions: TGF-β1 could up-regulate integrin β1 in vivo corneal alkali burn model, which could stimulate the cornea epithelial cells to migrate and adhere to the cornea stroma, that can reduce the cases of the epithelial cells_detachment from the cornea stroma and sustain the corneal reepithelization.