帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease，PD)是老年人常见的神经系统退行性疾病，眼部及视觉功能障碍是PD常见的非运动症状之一，进一步影响其生活质量。已有研究表明PD患者视网膜内存在多巴胺浓度的减少以及α突触核蛋白的沉积。目前，PD仍缺乏有效的早期诊断及病情评估工具，光学相干断层扫描及光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术可以显示视网膜各层微细结构及微血管的异常，应用该技术研究者发现PD患者视乳头旁视网膜神经纤维层及黄斑区视网膜的厚度均存在不同程度的变薄，视网膜浅层及深层毛细血管丛的毛细血管密度和复杂性下降。进一步研究者应用该技术在PD临床应用中进行了探索，并发现其可用于检测早期PD中发生的病理变化，反映疾病的病程及严重程度，并且在鉴别诊断中起到一定的作用。总而言之，视网膜相关检测可能成为评估PD患者脑病理严重程度的指标，并且帮助疾病诊断和监测疾病的进展，不过这仍需要大样本、多中心的重复研究以提供更多理论依据。

Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, and ocular and visual dysfunction is one of the common non-motor symptoms of PD, further affecting PD patients’quality of life. Reduced dopamine concentrations and deposition of α-synuclein in the retina of PD patients have been shown in studies. At present, there is still a lack of effective tools for early diagnosis and assessment of PD. Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography can reveal abnormalities in the microstructure and microvasculature of the retinal layers, and researchers applying these techniques have found that the thickness of the parapapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and the retina in the macula in PD patients have had varying degrees of thinning, and the density and complexity of capillaries in the superficial and deep capillary plexus of the retina have been reduced. Further, investigators have explored the clinical application of these techniques in PD and have found that they can be used to detect pathological changes occurring in early PD, reflect the course and severity of the disease, and play a role in differential diagnosis. In conclusion, retinal-correlated testing may be an indicator to assess the severity of brain pathology in PD patients and to aid in disease diagnosis and monitoring the progression of PD, although large sample, multicenter replication studies are still needed to provide more reliable results.

帕金森病（Parkinson’s disease, PD）作为仅次于阿尔茨海默病的第二大神经退行性疾病，其眼部表现近年来逐渐成为跨学科研究热点。以往医生多关注运动迟缓、静止性震颤和肌强直等PD典型症状，但大量临床研究表明，眼睑异常、眼球运动障碍、视觉功能异常等眼部表现不仅普遍存在于PD患者中，更可能在典型运动症状出现前就已显现。长期以来，这些眼部症状因其他症状的掩盖往往被忽视，进一步降低了患者的生活质量。本综述系统梳理PD患者眼部表现的三大方面：首先，眼睑异常方面，PD患者瞬目频率降低，61.1%患者出现干眼症状，导致PD患者的生活质量进一步下降。其次，眼球运动障碍表现为特征性的阶梯式方波急跳、集合功能减退以及反向扫视错误率增加，其中反向扫视潜伏期延长对步态冻结的发生具有预测价值。最后，视觉功能障碍方面，PD患者可出现视敏度下降、色觉异常、对比敏感度受损和视幻觉。影像学检查观察到视网膜神经节细胞层变薄，伴随视网膜微血管密度降低，这些结构性改变与PD患者的视觉功能障碍有关，作为生物标志物具有独特潜力。神经内科-眼科联合诊疗模式不仅有助于PD的早期诊断和预后评估，更有助于临床医生全面理解PD的疾病机制和表现，为未来诊疗策略的优化提供客观依据。

Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease, has increasingly garnered interdisciplinary research attention due to its ocular manifestations. While the classical triad of motor symptoms—bradykinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity—remains the diagnostic hallmark, accumulating clinical evidence indicates that ocular abnormalities, including eyelid dysfunction, oculomotor disturbances, and visual impairments, are not only prevalent in PD patients but may also precede the onset of typical motor symptoms. Historically overlooked due to masking by other clinical features, these ocular manifestations contribute to the deterioration of patients' quality of life. This review systematically examines PD-related ocular abnormalities across three key domains: First, eyelid dysfunction manifests as reduced blink frequency, with 61.1% of PD patients reporting dry eye symptoms, further exacerbating their life quality impairment. Second, oculomotor disturbances are characterized by staircase-pattern square-wave jerks, convergence insufficiency, and increased error rates in antisaccade tasks, with prolonged antisaccade latency serving as a predictive marker for freezing of gait. Third, visual dysfunction encompasses diminished visual acuity, dyschromatopsia, impaired contrast sensitivity, and visual hallucinations. Imaging studies reveal structural alterations such as retinal ganglion cell layer thinning and reduced retinal microvascular density, which correlate with visual deficits and hold promise as potential biomarkers. The establishment of a neuro-ophthalmological collaborative framework not only facilitates early PD diagnosis and prognostic assessment but also enhances clinicians' comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms. Such an approach provides an objective foundation for optimizing future therapeutic strategies.