目的：探讨并分析青光眼患者积极度的潜在剖面及其关联因素，为临床制订精准干预策略提供实证依据。方法：采用横断面调查法，选取2024年7—10月在中山大学中山眼科中心就诊的202例青光眼患者 为研究对象。研究工具包括一般资料调查表、患者积极度量表、一般自我效能量表及领悟社会支持量 表，应用Mplus 8.3软件进行潜在剖面分析，并采用多因素回归模型探索不同类别患者的社会人口学、疾病相关及心理社会相关因素。 结果：青光眼患者积极度分为两个潜在剖面:“高激活度-主动适应型” (33.66%)、“低激活度-应对依赖型”(66.34%)。多因素分析结果显示，居住地为城市、月收入较高、晚期视野缺损、手术次数≥3次、一般自我效能较高以及社会支持水平较好的患者，更可能归属于“高激活 度-主动适应型” (P<0.05)。结论：青光眼患者积极度整体处于中等偏下水平，以“低激活度–应对依赖 型”为主导。提示医护人员应重视青光眼患者积极度的评估，并基于潜在类别及相关因素，从增强自 我效能、拓展社会支持、加强健康教育等方面入手，为不同类别患者制订个性化、有针对性的干预方 案，从而有效提升青光眼患者的积极度水平及其疾病自我管理能力，以期改善长期治疗依从性与生活质量。

Objective: To explore and analyze the latent profiles of glaucoma patient activation and their associated factors, providing empirical evidence for developing precise clinical intervention strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted, involving 202 glaucoma patients recruited from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, between July and October 2024. The study utilized the General Information Questionnaire, the Patient Activation Measure, the General Self-Efffcacy Scale, and the Perceived Social Support Scale. Latent proffle analysis was performed using Mplus 8.3 software to identify distinct profiles of patient activation, and a multivariate regression model was employed to explore the sociodemographic, disease-related, and psychosocial factors associated with different proffles. Results: TTe patient activation in glaucoma patients was categorized into two latent proffles: "High Activation–Active Adaptation Type" (33.66%) and "Low Activation–Coping Dependent Type" (66.34%). Multivariate analysis revealed that patients who were urban residents, had higher monthly income, presented with advanced visual field defects, underwent three or more surgeries, reported higher general self-efffcacy, and had better perceived social support were more likely to belong to the "High Activation–Active Adaptation Type" (P<0.05). Conclusions: TTe overall level of patient activation in glaucoma patients is moderate to low, predominantly characterized by the "Low Activation–Coping Dependent Type." TTis suggests that healthcare professionals should prioritize the assessment of patient activation in glaucoma care. Based on the identiffed latent proffles and their associated factors, personalized and targeted intervention strategies—such as enhancing self-efffcacy, expanding social support, and strengthening health education—should be developed for different patient subtypes. TTese efforts are essential to effectively improve patient activation levels and disease self-management capabilities, thereby enhancing long-term treatment adherence and quality of life.

目的：了解重度视力损伤和盲患者居家的主要护理问题及护理需求的内容，为医护人员制订居家照护支持计划提供依据。方法：采用描述性质性研究方法，于2020年4至9月对在广州市某三甲眼科专科医院的20例重度视力损伤和盲的住院患者进行面对面的半结构式访谈，采用归纳式内容分析法对访谈资料进行分析。结果：重度视力损伤和盲患者居家的主要护理问题有日常生活自理的能力缺失、外出社交活动受限和难以适应家庭角色的改变；护理需求包括希望医院提供多维度的疾病相关知识和提供多渠道的医疗咨询服务。结论：重度视力损伤和盲患者居家照护存在诸多的护理问题及需求，患者希望得到多维度相关知识和多渠道医疗咨询，医院、社区应该高度重视此类患者，同时给予相应的指导和帮助，从而提高患者的居家生活质量。

Objective: To explore the main nursing problems and demands of patients with severe visual impairment or blindness, so as to provide the basis for health staff to formulate home care support plans of high quality. Methods: By using a descriptive qualitative method, face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted among 20 patients with severe visual impairment or blindness who were hospitalized in the top-grade ophthalmic hospital in Guangzhou from April to September 2020. The inductive content analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results: The main nursing problems of these patients were the lack of self-care ability, limited social activities, and difficulty in adapting to changes in family roles. Nursing needs include the hope that hospitals can provide multidimensional disease-related knowledge and multi-channel medical consulting services. Conclusion: Patients with severe visual impairment or blindness have many problems and needs in home care. They would like to obtain multi-dimensional knowledge and receive multi-channel medical consultation. Health staff from hospitals and communities should attach great importance to these patients, as well as provide appropriate guidance and assistance, so as to improve their activities of daily living.