间充质干细胞由于其独特的自我更新和多向分化能力，成为了一种替代无效的常规治疗的新兴治疗方法。间充质干细胞通过免疫调节、促修复、抗新生血管机制和细胞替代作用在眼表疾病中发挥作用，而不同来源的间充质干细胞其作用机制也不完全相同。迄今为止，已有8项注册的间充质干细胞治疗的临床试验应用于干眼、角膜烧伤、圆锥角膜等眼表疾病。

Due to its unique self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation capabilities, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become an emerging therapy that replaces of ineffective conventional options in treating multiple diseases. It plays an important role in ocular surface illnesses through a variety of functions, including immunoregulation, promoting repairing, anti-angiogenesis mechanisms, and cell replacement. MSCs from different sources have different mechanisms.So far, 8 registered clinical trials of MSCs therapy have been applied to treat dry eye, ocular burn, keratoconus and other ocular surface diseases.

血源性滴眼液是治疗干眼的一种有效的治疗方法。来源可分为自体、供体，其中供体来源又可分为成人外周血及脐带血，并以血清、富血小板血浆、血小板来源生长因子以及血小板裂解产物的形式制成。由于各种血液制品的原理及适应症不同，本文将对不同血源性滴眼液制品的制备及面临的挑战的共识问题进行解读。

Blood-based eye drops can be used effectively in the treatment of dry eyes. The sources of blood-based eye drops can be divided into autologous and donor, and donor sources can be divided into adult peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood, which are prepared in the form of serum, platelet-rich plasma, platelet-derived growth facters and platelet lysate. Due to the different principles and indications of various blood products, the consensus issues on the preparation and challenges of different blood-based eye drop products are reviewed.

干眼是以泪膜稳态丢失及伴随眼部不适症状为特征的最常见眼表疾病，泪膜不稳定、泪液高渗透性、眼表炎症及感觉神经异常为其主要病因。地夸磷索钠是一种P2Y2受体激动剂，能刺激黏蛋白及泪液分泌，其独特的作用机制为干眼的治疗开辟了新的方向，本文就地夸磷索钠近年的临床及基础研究进展作一综述。

Dry eye is one of the most common ocular surface diseases. It is characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and accompanied by ocular symptoms, in which tear film instability and tear hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation, and neurosensory abnormalities play major etiological roles. Diquafosol tetrasodium is a purinergic P2Y2 receptor agonist that promotes mucin and aqueous tear secretion. The unique pharmacological mechanism of diquafosol tetrasodium opens up a new direction for the medical therapies of dry eye. This article reviews the clinical therapeutic effect and research progress of diquafosol tetrasodium for the past few years.

在热带和亚热带国家，真菌性角膜炎是角膜盲的一个重要原因。随着现代医学的进展，早期真菌性角膜炎通过药物或者手术治疗后治愈率有了显著改善，但是很多真菌性角膜炎患者由于缺乏及时合理的治疗，病情变得迁延难治，预后较差。随着无数学者的努力，近年来在难治性真菌性角膜炎领域在抗真菌药物、给药方式及其他治疗方式上有了一些新的进展，目前可选的难治性真菌性角膜炎治疗方式各有特点及优劣之处。了解目前可用的抗真菌治疗方式、其适应证及不良反应等，是处理难治性真菌性角膜炎病例的必要条件。

Fungal keratitis is a significant cause of corneal blindness in tropical and subtropical countries. With the development of modern medicine, the cure rate of early fungal keratitis has been significantly improved after medical or surgical treatment. However, due to the lack of timely and reasonable treatment for many patients with fungal keratitis, the disease has become difficult to treat and the prognosis is poor. With the efforts of numerous scholars, some new advances have been made in the treatment of recalcitrant fungal keratitis in recent years, such as antifungal drugs and administration methods. At present, the treatment methods of recalcitrant fungal keratitis have their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to understand the available antifungal therapies, their indications and side effects for the treatment of recalcitrant fungal keratitis.

目的：观察强脉冲光(intense pulse light，IPL)治疗睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction，MGD)性干眼的临床效果。方法：选取2019年10月至2019年12月在东莞市东南部中心医院眼科门诊就诊的MGD性干眼患者64例(64只右眼)，随机分为对照组与观察组，每组32例。对照组采用睑板腺按摩联合常规药物治疗，观察组采用IPL联合睑板腺按摩及常规药物治疗，两组疗程均为6周；观察两组患者治疗前后干眼症状、体征及睑板腺功能变化。结果：治疗后两组干眼症状、体征及睑板腺功能均较治疗前明显改善，差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)；观察组治疗后2、4周干眼症状、体征及睑板腺功能评分改善优于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；治疗后6周两组各项观察指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经过6周治疗，观察组有效率为87.5%(28/32)，对照组有效率75%(24/32)，差异有统计学意义(P=0.021)。治疗期间两组均未发生不良反应。结论：IPL联合睑板腺按摩对MGD性干眼能有效减轻眼部不适症状、改善睑板腺功能，较单纯睑板腺按摩起效更快、效果更佳。

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of intense pulse light (IPL) on MGD dry eyes. Methods: Sixty-four patients(64 right eyes) with MGD dry eye from October 2019 to December 2019 were collected and randomly divided into control group (n=32) and observation group (n=32). The control group was treated with meibomian gland massage combined with conventional medicine, while the observation group was treated with IPL combined with meibomian gland massage and conventional medicine. The course of treatment of both groups was 6 weeks. The dry eye symptoms, dry eye signs and meibomian gland function changes were observed before and after treatment in both groups. Results: The dry eye symptoms, physical signs and meibomian gland function of the two groups after treatment were significantly improved compared with those before treatment (P>0.05). The improvement of dry eye  symptoms, physical signs and meibomian gland function in observation group were better than those of the control group at two and four weeks after treatment (P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at 6 weeks after treatment (P>0.05). The effective rate in observation group was 87.5% (28/32) after 6 weeks treatment, while control group was 75% (24/32), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.021). No adverse reactions occurred in both groups during the treatment. Conclusion: IPL combined with meibomian gland massage can effectively reduce the ocular discomfort and improve the function of meibomian gland in MGD dry eyes,which is faster and more effective than meibomian gland massage alone.

青光眼睫状体炎综合征(Posner-Schlossman syndrome，PSS)表现为单眼反复发作性非肉芽肿性前葡萄膜炎，伴有眼压升高，可发展为慢性继发性青光眼，最终导致视神经损伤。尽管PSS总体预后良好，但仍有部分患者因反复眼压骤升造成视神经损伤持续进展，甚至导致失明。目前，PSS的确切病因尚不明确，治疗方式以控制炎症及眼压为主。本文将从病因及治疗两方面阐述PSS的研究现状，以期为PSS相关基础研究及临床诊治提供思路及参考。

Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS), also called glaucomatocyclitic crisis, is characterized by recurrent non-granulomatous anterior uveitis, accompanied by elevated intraocular pressure. It is able to develop into chronic secondary glaucoma and eventually lead to optic nerve injury. Although the overall prognosis of PSS is favourable, there are still some patients whose optic nerve injury continues to progress and even lead to blindness due to recurrent attacks of ocular hypertension. At present, the exact cause of PSS is not clear, and the treatment is mainly to control inflammation and intraocular pressure. This article will elaborate the research status of PSS from two aspects of etiology and treatment to provide ideas and reference for the basic research clinical diagnosis and treatment of PSS.

近视是危害儿童青少年视力最常见的眼部疾病，高度近视对视功能造成极大的威胁。近年来，我国近视发病率逐年升高，对近视筛查与防控的需求也不断增加，随着人工智能理论与技术的不断发展与成熟，可以辅助眼科医生进行近视筛查、诊断与治疗。本文将简要介绍人工智能在近视的筛查、预测、检测、病理性近视以及角膜屈光手术中的应用，浅谈了目前人工智能在研究中存在的可比度较低、影像要求较高、可解释性较低及隐私保护等问题，并展望人工智能在近视相关领域的应用前景。

Myopia is the most common ocular disease that harms the vision of children and adolescents. High myopia poses a great threat to visual function. The incidence of myopia in China has been increasing in recent years, and the demand for myopia screening, prevention and control has also expanded. With the continuous development of artificial intelligence theory and technology, Artificial intelligence can assist ophthalmologists in myopia screening, diagnosis and treatment. This review will briefly introduce artificial intelligence in the screening, prediction, and detection of myopia; also, the application in pathological myopia and corneal refractive surgery. This review will discuss some problems of current artificial intelligence research, such as low comparability, high image requirements, low interpretability, privacy protection, and the application prospects of artificial intelligence in myopia.

目前对于成人圆锥角膜(keratoconus，KC)的研究已经很广泛，而对于儿童KC的研究则较少，其诊断和治疗常常基于成人KC的研究基础。与成人KC相比，儿童KC的发展更迅速、造成的后果更严重，其导致的儿童视觉障碍会追随其一生，对其生活质量以及教育发展产生严重的负面影响。为了对儿童KC的治疗有较全面的认识和理解，本文针对近几年儿童KC的治疗进展，对不同治疗方法的安全性、有效性和治疗时机等方面进行综述。

At present, the research on adult keratoconus has been extensive, while the research on pediatric keratoconus is few. The diagnosis and treatment of pediatric keratoconus are often based on the study of keratoconus in adults. Pediatric keratoconus is more aggressive than adult keratoconus, resulting in visual impairment that can follow throughout their lives and have a serious negative impact on their quality of life and educational development. In this paper, according to the treatment progress of pediatric keratoconus in recent years, the safety, effectiveness, and treatment timing of different treatment methods were summarized, in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the treatment of pediatric keratoconus.

目前对于成人圆锥角膜(keratoconus，KC)的研究已经很广泛，而对于儿童KC的研究则较少，其诊断和治疗常常基于成人KC的研究基础。与成人KC相比，儿童KC的发展更迅速、造成的后果更严重，其导致的儿童视觉障碍会追随其一生，对其生活质量以及教育发展产生严重的负面影响。为了对儿童KC的治疗有较全面的认识和理解，本文针对近几年儿童KC的治疗进展，对不同治疗方法的安全性、有效性和治疗时机等方面进行综述。

At present, the research on adult keratoconus has been extensive, while the research on pediatric keratoconus is few. The diagnosis and treatment of pediatric keratoconus are often based on the study of keratoconus in adults. Pediatric keratoconus is more aggressive than adult keratoconus, resulting in visual impairment that can follow throughout their lives and have a serious negative impact on their quality of life and educational development. In this paper, according to the treatment progress of pediatric keratoconus in recent years, the safety, effectiveness,and treatment timing of different treatment methods were summarized, in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the treatment of pediatric keratoconus.

目的：探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus，T2DM)患者二甲双胍治疗与糖尿病性视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy，DR)的相关性。方法：回顾2015年9月至2020年8月在中日友好医院眼科就诊的1 891例T2DM患者的临床资料，对病程≥10年的324例T2DM患者的一般资料、内科疾病史、糖尿病治疗史、眼科检查和实验室血生化指标进行回顾性病例研究。根据是否接受二甲双胍治疗分为二甲双胍治疗组与非二甲双胍治疗组，根据眼底检查结果同时结合DR临床诊断标准，将DR分为无明显DR、非增生性DR及增生性DR。采用logistic多因素回归分析判断年龄、性别、糖尿病发病年龄、糖尿病病程、高血压病程、高血脂病程、吸烟年数、体重指数、胰岛素治疗及空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、尿酸和血肌酐水平对结局变量的影响。结果：在DR的发病风险方面，二甲双胍治疗组与非二甲双胍治疗组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对T2DM患者DR发生及不同分期的相关变量行单因素及多因素分析，结果显示吸烟年数、空腹血糖及肌酐均与DR发病呈正相关(均P<0.05)，而年龄与DR发病呈负相关(P<0.01)，糖尿病发病年龄与DR发生呈显著负相关(OR=0.95，95%CI：0.92~0.98，P=0.0003)。在二甲双胍治疗的T2DM患者中，二甲双胍的疗程(OR=1.02，95%CI：0.96~1.08，P>0.05)及平均剂量(OR=1.50，95%CI：0.79~2.84，P>0.05)与DR的发生与进展均无显著相关性；女性DR发生与进展的风险较男性低(P<0.05)；合并胰岛素治疗与DR发生呈明显正相关(OR=3.11，95%CI：1.59~6.07，P<0.01)；吸烟年数长、糖化血红蛋白及尿酸水平高于正常范围均与DR的发生与进展呈正相关(P<0.05)。在口服二甲双胍患者中，未使用胰岛素治疗组和联合使用胰岛素组的DR发病风险有显著差异(P<0.01)；而未口服二甲双胍患者中，胰岛素治疗与DR发生呈正相关(OR=12.43，95%CI：3.75~41.19，P<0.0001)。结论：病程10年以上T2DM患者中，二甲双胍治疗与DR发生与进展均无显著相关性。

Objective: To investigate the correlation between metformin therapy and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: The clinical data of 1 891 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the ophthalmology department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from September 2015 to August 2020 were reviewed. A retrospective study was performed on 324 cases of these T2DM patients with disease duration ≥10 years. Medical records of all patients including general information, history of medical disease, diabetes treatment, ophthalmologic examination and blood biochemical indices were collected. According to whether metformin treatment was received or not, the patients were divided into a metformin-treated and a non-metformin-treated groups. DR is classified into non-obvious DR, non-proliferative DR and proliferative DR according to the fundus examination and the clinical diagnostic criteria of DR. Logistic multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effects of age, sex, age of DM onset, duration of DM, duration of hypertension,

duration of hyperlipidemia, years of smoking, body mass index, insulin treatment and fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid and blood creatinine levels on DR. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of developing DR between the metformin-treated and non-metformin-treated groups (P>0.05). Univariate and multifactorial analyses of variables related to the occurrence and different stages of DR in patients with T2DM showed that years of smoking, fasting glucose and creatinine were positively associated with DR (P<0.05), while age was negatively associated with DR (P<0.01), and age of DM onset was significantly negatively associated with DR (OR=0.95, 95%CI: 0.92 to 0.98, P=0.0003). In T2DM patients treated with metformin, neither the duration of metformin (OR=1.02, 95%CI: 0.96 to 1.08, P>0.05) nor the mean dose(OR=1.50, 95%CI: 0.79 to 2.84, P>0.05) was significantly associated with developing DR. The risk of developing DR was lower in women than in men (P<0.05); combined insulin therapy was significantly positively correlated with the risk of DR (OR=3.11, 95%CI: 1.59 to 6.07, P<0.01); long-term smoking, glycosylated hemoglobin and uric acid levels higher than normal were positively associated with DR (P<0.05). In metformin users, there was a significant difference in the risk of developing DR between the no-insulin treatment group and the combined insulin group (P<0.01); and among patients not using metformin, insulin therapy was positively associated with the occurrence of DR (OR=12.43, 95%CI: 3.75 to 41.19, P<0.0001). Conclusion: There was no significant association between metformin treatment and DR among patients with T2DM for >10 years.