目的：对比玻璃体切割术(pars plana vitrectomy, PPV)联合或不联合注射地塞米松玻璃体内植入剂(dexamethasone intraveal implant, DEX)治疗特发性黄斑前膜(idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane, IMEM)的临床疗效。
方法： 采用回顾性研究设计，收集2022年1月—2023年6月于惠州市中心人民医院就诊，被诊断为IMEM(Gass 2期)并行PPV联合phaco+IOL植入的患者49例(49只眼)。根据其治疗方案分为非联合注射DEX组(25例共25只眼)及联合注射DEX组(24例共24只眼)。记录所有患者术前术后的最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity, BCVA)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(central macular thickness, CMT)、平均神经节细胞层(ganglion cell layer, GCL)厚度，椭圆体带(ellipsoidal zone, EZ)完整性。使用OCTA测量视网膜浅层毛细血管层(superficial capillary plexus, SCP)、中心区域血管密度(vessel densities, VDs)及中心凹无血管区(foveal avascular zone, FAZ)面积。使用非接触性眼压计测量患者眼压。随访至术后6个月，记录上述指标，其中BCVA及CMT随访至1年。使用SPSS 29.0软件进行数据的统计分析(独立样本t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、Pearson χ2检验等)。使用重复测量方差检验分析各项指标的时间差异及交互差异性。采用线性回归分析CMT、平均GCL厚度、EZ完整性、VDs、FAZ面积及联合注射DEX与BCVA的相关性。
结果：本研究两组间性别、年龄、眼压及术前各项指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两种术式均能改善黄斑区结构、功能及微循环障碍，术后的BCVA在两组患者中均较术前有所改善，且持续至术后6个月，CMT的变化趋势同BCVA有高度一致性，而平均GCL厚度于术后3个月时开始恢复，而SCP中心凹VDs及FAZ面积于术后6个月时才有明显恢复，两种术式术后以上各指标均具有时间差异及交互差异性(P≤0.015)，且6个月内联合注射DEX组表现更佳(P=0.036)。相较于非联合注射DEX组，只有联合注射DEX组在术后6个月时，EZ完整性的改善具有统计学意义(P=0.009)。但随访至1年时，两组之间BCVA及CMT差异均无统计学意义(P=0.079)。术后6个月内BCVA的改善与术后6个月的CMT、平均GCL厚度、SCP中心凹VDs、FAZ面积的改善及EZ完整性及是否注射DEX与术后6个月内BCVA的改善均有相关性。随访期间两组患者均未发生眼内炎、玻璃体积血、视网膜脱离等眼部或全身严重并发症。
结论：微创玻璃体切割术联合玻璃体内注射DEX治疗相较于非联合注射DEX治疗组在6个月内疗效更佳。联合单次注射DEX治疗方案与非联合注射DEX治疗方案相比，在手术1年后对BCVA及CMT的改善无明显差异。

Objective: To analyze the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive vitrectomy (PPV) with or without intraoperative injection of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX) for the treatment of Idiopathic Macular Epiretinal Membrane (IMEM), by comparing the relevant indicators.

Methods: A retrospective study design was used to collect 49 patients (49 eyes) who were diagnosed with IMEM (Gass2) and underwent surgical treatment(PPV+phaco+IOL implantation) at Huizhou Central People’s Hospital from January 2022 to June 2023. According to their treatment plan, they were divided into a non-combined injection DEX group (25 cases, 25 eyes) and a combined injection DEX group (24 cases,24 eyes). All patients underwent comprehensive optometry before and after surgery, and their best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded. Scan the central macular thickness (CMT) within 6x6mm of the macular area, while scanning the average ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness. Record whether the elliptical zone (EZ) within 1x1mm of the macular area is complete and continuous. Use OCTA mode to scan the superficial capillary layer (SCP) of the retina within a range of 6x6mm, and record the measurements of vascular density (VDs) in the central area and the area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ). Measure the patient's intraocular pressure using a non-contact tonometer. Follow up for 6 months and record the above indicators, with BCVA and CMT followed up for 1 year. Perform statistical analysis of data using SPSS 29.0 software (Independent sample t-test, Mann Whitney U-test and Pearson χ2-test). Use repeated measures ANOVA to analyze the time differences and interaction differences of various indicators. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the correlation between CMT, mean GCL thickness, EZ integrity, VDs, FAZ area, and combined injection of DEX with BCVA.

Results: There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, intraocular pressure, and preoperative indicators between the two groups (P>0.05). Both surgical methods can improve the structure, function, and microcirculation disorders in the macular area. The postoperative BCVA in both groups of patients improved compared to before, and persisted until 6 months after surgery. The trend of CMT changes was highly consistent with BCVA, while the average GCL thickness began to recover at 3 months after surgery. The SCP fovea VDs and FAZ area did not show significant recovery until 6 months after surgery. Both surgical methods showed time differences and interaction differences in the above indicators after surgery (P=0.015), and the combined injection of DEX group performed better within 6 months (P=0.036). Compared to the non combined injection of DEX group, only the combined injection of DEX group showed statistically significant improvement in EZ integrity at 6 months after surgery (P=0.009). However, at 1 year of follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference in BCVA and CMT between the two groups (P≥0.079). The improvement of BCVA within 6 months after surgery is correlated with the improvement of CMT, average GCL thickness, SCP fovea VDs, FAZ area, EZ integrity, and injection of DEX within 6 months after surgery. During this study, no serious ocular or systemic complications such as endophthalmitis, vitreous hemorrhage, or retinal detachment occurred in either group of patients at each follow-up time point.
Conclusions: The efficacy of PPV combined with intravitreal injection of DEX is better within 6 months compared to the non-combined injection of DEX treatment group. There was no significant difference in the improvement of BCVA and CMT after one year of surgery between the combined single injection DEX treatment regimen and the non-combined injection DEX treatment regimen.

目的：探讨标准操作程序在玻璃体腔内注药术护理中的应用效果。方法：选择 2018 年 9 至 12 月中山大学中山眼科中心眼底专科门诊 504 例玻璃体腔内注药术患者作为研究对象，对护理人力资源的整合、患者等待手术时间、患者和家属的满意度、医护人员满意度进行评价。结果：标准操作程序后明确护士岗位职责，护士操作水平和综合能力有效提升，患者手术等待时间由原来的预约 2 周缩短为 2 d。患者和家属的满意度分别由 92.0% 和 91.0% 提高到 98.5% 和 97.0%。医护人员满意度的评价由 95% 提到至 98.4%。结论：玻璃体腔内注药术标准操作程序不仅提升了工作效率，更提升了患者和家属、医务人员的满意度，规范化的标准操作程序是玻璃体腔内注药的安全保障。

Objective: To investigate the effect of standard operation procedure in the intravitreal injection. Methods: A total of 504 patients visiting the fundus clinics of our hospital from September to December 2018 were selected in this study. The integration of nursing human resources, patient waiting time, patient and family satisfaction, and medical staff satisfaction were evaluated. Results: The nurses’job responsibilities were clarified, and the Nurses’operation level and comprehensive ability were improved. The patients’waiting time for surgery was shortened from 2 weeks to 2 days. Patient and family satisfaction increased from 92.0% and 91.0% to 98.5% and 97.0%, respectively. The evaluation of the satisfaction of medical staff was elevated from 95% to 98.4%. Conclusion: The standard operation procedure of intravitreal injection not only improves the work efficiency, but also significantly increases the satisfaction of patients and their families and medical staffs. Therefore, the standard operation procedure can guarantee the safety of intravitreal injection.

      原发性玻璃体视网膜淋巴瘤(primary vitreoretinal lymphoma, PVRL)作为原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(primary central nervous system lymphoma，PCNSL)的一个亚型，是一种罕见的致命性眼部恶性肿瘤。多数PVRL会伪装成慢性后葡萄膜炎，这使得临床诊断具有挑战性。玻璃体细胞、视网膜下液和影像学检查对临床诊断至关重要。而对恶性细胞的细胞学检查与组织病理学诊断是PVRL诊断的金标准。此外，免疫球蛋白重链(immunoglobulin heavy chain, IgH)或T细胞受体(Tcell receptor, TCR)基因重排的分子生物学检测、细胞标志物的免疫表型检测、以及细胞因子检测如IL-10的表达升高均可作为辅助诊断工具。目前PVRL的治疗主要包括局部放射及玻璃体腔内注射化疗药物(甲氨蝶呤和利妥昔单抗)，根据眼外组织是否受累决定是否联合全身化疗。对伴随PCNSL的患者，在全身大剂量甲氨蝶呤联合利妥昔单抗治疗的基础上，考虑联合局部治疗、全脑放疗和/或自体干细胞移植。尽管PVRL对初始治疗反应良好，但因其复发率高，常出现CNS受累，使PVRL的生存期预后较差。因此建立一个包含眼科医师、眼科病理学家、神经肿瘤学家以及血液肿瘤学家在内的专业团队来优化患者的治疗方案显得尤为重要。

目的:研究增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者玻璃体基质细胞衍生因子(Strmalcell-derivedfactor-1, SDF-1)和血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor, VECF)的浓度,及其相互作用关系。

方法:酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)检测玻璃体内 SDF-1 和 VEGF 的含量,每个标本重复3次。实验组为增性糖尿病视网膜病变(Proliferalive diabeticretinopathy, PDR)的住院患者30例,对照组为同期行玻璃体切除术的特发性黄斑裂孔患者12例。

结果: PDR 患者玻璃体 VECF 的平均浓度为(2865.87+387.85) pg/ml,明显高于特发性黄斑裂孔组[(142.42+21.03) pg/ml，P < 0.0001]。增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者玻璃体 SDF-1的含量平均为(298.40+24.57) pg/ml,对照组为(86.91+15.89) pg/ml,两组的差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.0001)。在30例PDR患者玻璃体内 VEGF 和 SDF-1 的含量表现为正相关(Peanson相关系数 r=0.62，P < 0.001)。

结论:增殖性糖尿病患者玻璃体 SDF-1 和 VECF 的含量均高于非糖尿病患者,提示 SDF-1 和 VEGF 共同参与了增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者病理性新生血管的形成过程。

Purpose: To investigate the levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1) andvascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the vitreous of patients with proliferativediabetic retinopathy.
Methods: The levels of $DF-1 and VEGF in the vitreous of 30 eyes of 30 patients withproliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)and 12 eyes of 12 patients with idiopathicmacular hole (MH) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Vitreousfluid samples were obtained by vitrectomy.
Resuls: The vitreous concentration of VEGF was signifcantly higher in eyes with PDR(2 865.87+387.85 pg/ml) than in eyes with idiopathic macular hole (142.42+21.03 Pgml, P< 0.000 1). The vitreous level of SDF-1 was also significantly higher in eyes withPDR (298.40+24.57 pg/ml ) than in eyes with idiopathic macular hole (86.91+15.89Pg/ml, P<0.000 1 ). The vitreous concentration of SDF-1 correlated significantly with that of VEGF in eyes with PDR( [correlation coefficient]r=0.62,P<0 .001)
Conclution: Vitreous levels of both SDF-1 and VEGF in patients with PDR aresignificantly higher than those of nondiabetic patients. SDF-1 may be correlated withVEGF in angiogenesis in PDR.

玻璃体淀粉样变性是一种罕见的眼病, 可独立发病, 也可以表现为系统性淀粉样变性的眼部受累, 常有家族史。报道 1 例遗传性玻璃体淀粉样变性患者, 中年发病, 双眼先后受累,有明确的家族史。双眼均行玻璃体切除术。术后病理检查结果显示: 玻璃体呈刚果红染色阳性, 电镜下发现纤维丝状物。对患者外周血进行 DNA 抽提, PCR 扩增, 克隆、筛选及测序等一系列基因检测, 发现转甲蛋白(Transthyretin, TTR) 存在着基因突变, 突变点 Gly83Arg, 这可能是玻璃体淀粉样变性发病的一个新的突变位点。

Vitreous amyloidosis is a rare condition that mainly occurs in Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy (FAP). In some cases, it may be the only symptom without systemic disorders. One case of familial vitreous amyloidosis was reported here, with white, wispy opacities in vitreous cavity in both eyes. Pars plana vitrectomy and histopathological examination of the vitreous specimens were performed. The vitreous specimens showed typical microscopic features of amyloidosis with Congo red stain and non-branching fibrils on a transmission electron microscope. Transthyretin (TTR) gene was amplified with DNA isolated from the peripheral blood cells. Bi-directional sequencing of exon 3 showed a single base-pair substitution, which results in an amino acid substitution at position83, glycine to arginine (TTR Arg-83) . TTR Arg-83 may be a new pathologic mutation in vitreous amyloidosis. 

目的：探讨标准操作程序在玻璃体腔内注药术护理中的应用效果。方法：选择2018年9至12月中山大学中山眼科中心眼底专科门诊504例玻璃体腔内注药术患者作为研究对象，对护理人力资源的整合、患者等待手术时间、患者和家属的满意度、医护人员满意度进行评价。结果：标准操作程序后明确护士岗位职责，护士操作水平和综合能力有效提升，患者手术等待时间由原来的预约2周缩短为2 d。患者和家属的满意度分别由92.0%和91.0%提高到98.5%和97.0%。医护人员满意度的评价由95%提到至98.4%。结论：玻璃体腔内注药术标准操作程序不仅提升了工作效率，更提升了患者和家属、医务人员的满意度，规范化的标准操作程序是玻璃体腔内注药的安全保障。

Objective: To investigate the effect of standard operation procedure in the intravitreal injection. Methods: A total of 504 patients visiting the fundus clinics of our hospital from September to December 2018 were selected in this study. The integration of nursing human resources, patient waiting time, patient and family satisfaction,and medical staff satisfaction were evaluated. Results: The nurses’ job responsibilities were clarified, and the nurses’ operation level and comprehensive ability were improved. The patients’ waiting time for surgery was shortened from 2 weeks to 2 days. Patient and family satisfaction increased from 92.0% and 91.0% to 98.5% and 97.0%, respectively. The evaluation of the satisfaction of medical staff was elevated from 95% to 98.4%.Conclusion: The standard operation procedure of intravitreal injection not only improves the work efficiency, but also significantly increases the satisfaction of patients and their families and medical staffs. Therefore, the standard operation procedure can guarantee the safety of intravitreal injection.

为在眼科日间手术模式下既能满足玻璃体视网膜术后体位需求，又能合理利用有限空间，本研究团队在原有的眼科日间病房座椅的基础上，增加玻璃体手术后体位护理等功能，发明了一种护理座椅[专利号：国家实用新型专利(ZL 2017 2 0942404. 1)]。该座椅采用钢喷塑(或不锈钢)、木板、海绵和人造革皮等材料，其结构主要包括座椅的主体部分、俯卧台、杂物篮、收纳架、输液杆套筒等部分。其制作材料简单，操作方便，安全使用，既能保证临床体位护理需求，又能节省空间，便于病房环境管理。

To meet the needs of the postoperative position nursing after pars plana vitrectomy in the day surgery mode,this research team has designed a nursing chair [patent number: National Uutility Model Patent (ZL 201720942404. 1)] based on the original chair of ophthalmic day ward, adding the functions of postvitreous nursing and so on. The seat is made from steel spray plastic (or stainless steel), wood, sponge and artificial leather, and the structure mainly consists of the main body, the countertop for prone position, the junk basket, the storage rack, and the infusion rod sleeve. The seat can be made by simple materials. The seat is easy to operate and safe to use, which can not only meet the needs of clinical body position nursing care, but also save the ward’ space and facilitate the environmental management of the ward.

目的：探索用细胞块制备试剂盒对眼内玻璃体液微量细胞制备细胞块的成功率，苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin，HE)染色效果及技术要点。方法：收集中山大学中山眼科中心临床病理科2020年9月至2021年1月由临床送检的25例玻璃体液(含玻璃体切割液)，应用细胞块制备试剂盒制备细胞块后，常规固定、脱水、包埋、切片，随后进行HE染色，观察染色效果。结果：25例玻璃体细胞蜡块制作成功率达到100%，制片后HE染色效果好，背景干净，细胞形态清晰，核质对比分明。结论：应用细胞块制备试剂盒能将眼内玻璃体液微量细胞制成蜡块，极大提高了标本的利用率，为后续的病理研究提供丰富的材料。

Objective: To explore the effect and technical key points of the cell block preparation kit for collecting a few cells in ocular vitreous humor. Methods: A total of 25 cases of vitreous humor (including vitrectomy fluid) were collected from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University from September 2020 to January 2021.Cell block preparation kit was used to prepare cell blocks, which were routinely fixed, dehydrated, embedded,sectioned, and then hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stained. Results: The success rate of 25 cases of vitreous cell paraffinblocks reached 100%, and the morphology of the cells was clear with clean background and shape contrast of nucleus and plasma in HE staining. Conclusion: The cell block preparation kit can make the cells of intraocular vitreous humor into paraffin blocks, which greatly improves the utilization rate of specimens and is conducive to providing abundant materials for pathological studies.

目的：探讨折叠式人工玻璃体球囊(foldable capsular vitreous body，FCVB)植入术的护理配合。方法：对2018年6月至12月接受FCVB植入术的33例患者的术中护理配合进行回顾性分析和总结。结果：33例患者的手术均能顺利进行，术后裂隙灯显微镜检查示折叠式人工玻璃体球囊位置均居中；患者均未见球囊排斥、交感性眼炎及其他明显手术并发症。结论：FCVB是全球首创的革命性产品，手术前充分的术前准备，系统规范化的手术巡回配合，是保证手术顺利完成的关键。

Objective: To explore the nursing cooperation of foldable capsular vitreous body implantation. Methods: The intraoperative nursing cooperation of 33 patients who received the operation from June to December 2018 was retrospectively analyzed and summarized. Results: All the 33 patients underwent successfully, and silt lamp microscopy showed that the position of foldable capsular vitreous body was in the center. No foldable capsular vitreous body rejections, sympathetic ophthalmitis or other obvious surgical complications were observed in all cases. Conclusion: Foldable capsular vitreous body is a global innovative product. Adequate preoperative preparation before surgery and systematic and standardized surgical tour coordination are the keys to the

successful completion of surgery.

目的：了解玻璃体切除硅油填充术后患者(face-down positioning，FDP)依从性的相关影响因素。方法：采用随机抽样研究的方法，选取2018年1月至2019年12月于无锡市人民医院眼科行玻璃体切除硅油填充术后的患者100例，采用问卷调查对一般资料、FDP可能发生的反应和依从性进行调查。采用SPSS 19.0进行统计分析。结果：患者性别、对疾病的重视程度与FDP的依从性有显著差异(P<0.05)，但家庭支持系统与FDP的依从性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者术后第1天对FDP依从性的主要影响因素依次为呼吸不畅(84%)、睡眠不佳(78%)、肩颈部不适(10%)；术后第3天的主要影响因素依次为呼吸不畅(66%)、腰酸背痛(50%)、睡眠不佳(39%)；术后第5天的主要影响因素依次为肢体麻木(70%)、腰酸背痛(87%)、睡眠不佳(30%)、肩颈部不适(18%)以及肘关节疼痛(10%)。结论：影响患者依从性的主要因素主要有性别、对疾病的自我重视程度以及FDP引起的不适症状。需加强对高危因素的识别，不同病情时段给予征对性的宣教和指导，以提高患者对FDP的依从性。

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of compliance of patients with silicone oil tamponade after vitrectomy. Methods: A total of 100 patients with silicone oil tamponade after vitrectomy in Wuxi People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected by random sampling method.The general information, possible reaction, and compliance of face-down positioning (FDP) were investigated by questionnaire. SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: There were significant differences in patients’gender, attention to disease and FDP compliance (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between family support system and FDP (P>0.05). The main influencing factors of FDP compliance were dyspnea (84%), poor sleep (78%), the discomfort of shoulder and neck (10%); on the third day after operation, the main influencing factors were dyspnea (66%), low back pain (50%) and poor sleep (39%); on the fifth day, the main influencing factors were numbness of the limbs (70%), low back pain (87%) and poor sleep (30%), the discomfort of shoulder and neck (18%) and elbow pain (10%). Conclusion: The main factors that affect the compliance of patients are gender, self-awareness of the disease and discomfort caused by FDP. It is necessary to strengthen the identification of high-risk factors, and give symptomatic education and guidance at different stages of illness, to improve the compliance of patients to FDP.