目的：探索采用一眼眼罩联合另一眼眼垫的改良包眼方式对斜视患者双眼矫正术后恢复期生活质量及焦虑情绪的影响。 方法：于2024年9—10月在中山大学中山眼科中心招募日间手术接受双眼斜视矫正术的患者80例，按入院时间单双周分为联合眼罩组和眼垫组，每组各40例。联合眼罩组在手术肌肉少的眼睛或主导眼佩戴多小孔塑料眼罩，另一眼用眼垫包眼；眼垫组采用双眼眼垫包眼。主要结局指标为术后1 d的视功能相关生活质量。次要结局指标包括术后1 d的睡眠评分、疼痛评分、球结膜充血水肿、切口外观及术后1周患者满意度。 结果：两组患者在性别、年龄、术前斜视情况和斜视手术肌肉条数等基线特征分布的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。联合眼罩组术后1 d视功能相关生活质量、睡眠和术后1周患者满意度均优于眼垫组，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者在术后1 d疼痛程度、球结膜充血、切口外观、斜视改善程度的比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；结论：斜视双眼矫正术后采用一眼眼罩联合一眼眼垫遮盖的方式，在保证术后恢复效果的同时，能够有效改善患者术后视功能相关生活质量和睡眠质量，并提升患者满意度。
Objective:To investigate the effects of a modified eye-patching technique, which combines the use of an eye shield on one eye and an eye patch on the other, on the quality of life and anxiety levels of strabismus patients during the recovery period after binocular correction surgery. Methods: A total of 80 patients who underwent bilateral strabismus correction as day surgery at our hospital between September and October 2024 were recruited for this study. Based on whether their admission week was odd or even, they were randomly assigned to two groups: the combined patching group (n=40) and the conventional patching group (n=40). In the combined patching group, patients wore a multiple-aperture plastic eye shield on the eye with fewer operated muscles or the dominant eye, while the other eye was covered with a conventional eye patch. In the conventional patching group, patients received bilateral eye patches. The primary outcome measure was vision-related quality of life on the first postoperative day. Secondary outcomes included the sleep quality score, pain score, conjunctival hyperemia and edema, incision appearance on the first postoperative day, and patient satisfaction one week after surgery. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics, such as gender, age, preoperative strabismus status, or the number of operated muscles, between the two groups. Compared to the conventional patching group showed significantly better vision-related quality of life and sleep quality on the first postoperative day, as well as higher patient satisfaction one week after surgery (P< 0.05). On the first postoperative day, there were no significant differences between the two groups in pain level, conjunctival hyperemia, incision appearance, or degree of strabismus improvement (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The application of a modified eye-covering method, which combines an eye shield on one eye and an eye patch on the other, after bilateral strabismus correction surgery, can effectively enhance postoperative vision-related quality of life and sleep quality. Moreover, it can maintain recovery outcomes and increase patient satisfaction. This approach holds clinical value and is worthy of wider promotion.
本文报告两例单眼无痛性视力下降病例。病例1为47岁男性，表现为右眼亚急性视力下降，伴视盘水肿及黄斑区星芒状渗出，血清汉塞巴尔通体（Bartonella henselae）IgG抗体阳性（滴度1:256），结合猫接触史及跳蚤叮咬史，诊断为猫抓病相关视神经视网膜炎。经口服多西环素联合球周注射曲安奈德治疗后，视力显著恢复至1.0。病例2为33岁男性，表现为右眼急性视野缺损伴轻度视力下降，视盘水肿伴出血及棉绒斑。血清学检查示汉塞巴尔通体IgG阳性（滴度1:256）及梅毒螺旋体抗体阳性（TPPA+, TRUST+）。初始经验性抗猫抓病（多西环素+利福平）及抗梅毒（苄星青霉素）治疗无效，视力持续下降。随访1个月时光学相干断层扫描（OCT）显示视盘周围视网膜色素上皮（RPE）局灶性钉状突起，符合梅毒眼部特征性改变，结合患者抗汉塞巴尔通体治疗反应不佳，最终修正诊断为梅毒性视神经病变。继续抗梅毒治疗后视力稳定于0.63，但遗留视神经萎缩。两例病例提示感染性视神经病变的诊断需综合病史、临床表现、辅助检查、治疗反应及特征性体征进行鉴别，尤其需审慎解读汉塞巴尔通体抗体血清学阳性结果。
This paper reports two cases of unilateral painless vision loss. Case 1 involved a 47-year-old male presenting with subacute vision loss in the right eye, accompanied by optic disc edema and macular stellate exudates. Serological testing revealed positive IgG antibodies against Bartonella henselae (titer 1:256). Combined with a history of cat contact and flea bites, a diagnosis of cat scratch disease-associated optic neuroretinitis was made. After treatment with oral doxycycline combined with periocular triamcinolone acetonide injection, the patient's vision significantly improved to 1.0. Case 2 involved a 33-year-old male presenting with acute visual field defect in the right eye accompanied by mild vision loss, optic disc edema with hemorrhage, and cotton-wool spots. Serological tests showed positive IgG antibodies against Bartonella henselae (titer 1:256) and positive antibodies against Treponema pallidum (TPPA+, TRUST+). Initial empirical treatment for cat scratch disease (doxycycline + rifampicin) and syphilis (benzathine penicillin) was ineffective, with continued vision decline. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) at the one-month follow-up revealed focal spiculated protrusions of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) around the optic disc, consistent with characteristic ocular changes of syphilis. Considering the patient's poor response to anti-Bartonella henselae treatment, the diagnosis was revised to syphlitic optic neuropathy. After continued anti-syphilis treatment, the patient's vision stabilized at 0.63, but optic atrophy persisted. These two cases suggest that the diagnosis of infectious optic neuropathy requires comprehensive differentiation based on medical history, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, treatment responses, and characteristic signs, with particular caution in interpreting positive serological results for Bartonella henselae antibodies.
双眼视，即双眼同时工作、协调和整合视觉信息的能力，能够产生单一、立体和深度感的视觉体验，近年来在认知心理学和神经科学研究中逐渐受到越来越多的重视，尤其是在探讨其与执行能力之间复杂关联的方面。执行能力作为一项至关重要的认知功能，涉及多个方面，包括注意力、工作记忆、决策和问题解决等，这些因素共同影响着个体在日常生活和工作中的表现和效率。当前的研究表明，双眼视不仅在视觉信息的处理上发挥着关键作用，还对个体的执行能力产生了显著的影响。双眼视异常群体（如斜视、弱视患者）在执行功能测试中普遍表现出反应抑制延迟、工作记忆容量降低等特征。然而，现有文献中关于双眼视与执行能力之间关系的研究，特别是基于神经机制及其临床影响的系统性分析仍显得相对不足。为此，本文通过对现有研究的综述，深入探讨双眼视在执行能力中的作用，详细分析其背后的神经机制，并讨论这些发现对临床实践可能产生的影响。此外，文章还提出了未来研究的方向，以期更全面地理解双眼视与执行能力之间复杂的交互关系，从而为相关领域的研究提供新的视角和思路，推动这一领域的进一步发展。
Binocular vision, the ability of both eyes to work simultaneously, coordinate, and integrate visual information, can produce a unified, three-dimensional, and depth-perceptive visual experience. In recent years, it has garnered increasing attention in cognitive psychology and neuroscience research, particularly in exploring its complex relationship with executive functions. Executive functions, as a crucial cognitive capability, encompass various aspects, including attention, working memory, decision-making, and problem-solving, all of which collectively influence an individual's performance and efficiency in daily life and work. Current research indicates that binocular vision plays a key role not only in processing visual information but also has a significant impact on an individual's executive functions. Groups with binocular vision abnormalities (such as strabismus and amblyopia patients) generally exhibit characteristics like delayed response inhibition and reduced working memory capacity in executive function tests. However, existing literature on the relationship between binocular vision and executive functions, especially systematic analyses based on neural mechanisms and their clinical implications, remains relatively insufficient. Therefore, this article reviews existing research to delve into the role of binocular vision in executive functions, analyzes the underlying neural mechanisms in detail, and discusses the potential clinical implications of these findings. Additionally, the article proposes future research directions to comprehensively understand the complex interplay between binocular vision and executive functions, aiming to provide new perspectives and ideas for research in related fields and promote further development in this area.
Background: This study aimed to explore the best screening measure of myopia and its associated optimal referral criteria for children aged between 6 and 16.Methods: After informed consent of cycloplegia was obtained, a total of 6,321 children aged between 6 and 16 from 53 primary or junior middle schools in Jiading District of Shanghai were included in our populationbased study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to determine the best cutoff points, sensitivities and specifi cities of diff erent screening tests, including uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), noncycloplegic autorefraction (NCAR) and the combination of these two tests.Results: There was significant difference in prevalence of myopia between boys and girls (χ2 =6.358, P=0.012). Compared with children of low age, the prevalence of older children was significantly higher (χ2 =1,386.404, P<0.001). For the combination of UCVA and NCAR, the best cutoff point was UCVA less than or equal to 0.2 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (MAR) (20/30) and NCAR spherical equivalent refraction (SER) less than or equal to ?0.75 diopters (D), with associated sensitivity and specifi city of 75.0% and 85.0%, respectively, which were higher than those of UCVA and NCAR alone. After stratified by age, the best cutoff points were varied among children. The accuracy for children aged between 9 and 12 was higher than that for other ages.Conclusions: The best screening measure of myopia was the combination of UCVA and NCAR. The optimal referral criteria of myopia for children should be age-determined.
Background: This study aimed to explore the best screening measure of myopia and its associated optimal referral criteria for children aged between 6 and 16.Methods: After informed consent of cycloplegia was obtained, a total of 6,321 children aged between 6 and 16 from 53 primary or junior middle schools in Jiading District of Shanghai were included in our populationbased study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to determine the best cutoff points, sensitivities and specifi cities of diff erent screening tests, including uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), noncycloplegic autorefraction (NCAR) and the combination of these two tests.Results: There was significant difference in prevalence of myopia between boys and girls (χ2 =6.358, P=0.012). Compared with children of low age, the prevalence of older children was significantly higher (χ2 =1,386.404, P<0.001). For the combination of UCVA and NCAR, the best cutoff point was UCVA less than or equal to 0.2 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (MAR) (20/30) and NCAR spherical equivalent refraction (SER) less than or equal to ?0.75 diopters (D), with associated sensitivity and specifi city of 75.0% and 85.0%, respectively, which were higher than those of UCVA and NCAR alone. After stratified by age, the best cutoff points were varied among children. The accuracy for children aged between 9 and 12 was higher than that for other ages.Conclusions: The best screening measure of myopia was the combination of UCVA and NCAR. The optimal referral criteria of myopia for children should be age-determined.
Background: Different visual acuity chart can be targeted to evaluate the visual function of patients with different eye diseases. We conducted a comparative analysis of the digital logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) vision chart and the standard logarithmic vision chart for the measurement of visual acuity after retinal detachment surgery.Methods: We used the digital LogMAR vision chart and the standard logarithmic vision chart to measure the visual acuity of 100 patients (100 eyes) who underwent retinal detachment surgery at our hospital using the LogMAR recording method and compared the differences between the mean measurements obtained by both methods for all patients and for different age groups.Results: When all of the patients were analyzed, the mean visual acuity differed between the digital LogMAR vision chart and the standard logarithmic vision chart by –0.07 LogMAR units. No significant difference was observed in the mean visual acuity between the two vision charts in the 10-20 year and 21-40 year age groups (P>0.05), while a significant difference was observed in post-operative mean visual acuity between the two vision charts for patients aged 41-65 years (P<0.05).Conclusions: Both the digital LogMAR vision chart and the standard vision chart were effective and reliable for the measurement of visual acuity. The visual acuity measured by the standard vision chart was higher than that measured by the digital LogMAR vision chart. We recommend using the digital LogMAR vision chart as the preferred chart for measuring visual acuity after retinal detachment surgery.
Background: Different visual acuity chart can be targeted to evaluate the visual function of patients with different eye diseases. We conducted a comparative analysis of the digital logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) vision chart and the standard logarithmic vision chart for the measurement of visual acuity after retinal detachment surgery.Methods: We used the digital LogMAR vision chart and the standard logarithmic vision chart to measure the visual acuity of 100 patients (100 eyes) who underwent retinal detachment surgery at our hospital using the LogMAR recording method and compared the differences between the mean measurements obtained by both methods for all patients and for different age groups.Results: When all of the patients were analyzed, the mean visual acuity differed between the digital LogMAR vision chart and the standard logarithmic vision chart by –0.07 LogMAR units. No significant difference was observed in the mean visual acuity between the two vision charts in the 10-20 year and 21-40 year age groups (P>0.05), while a significant difference was observed in post-operative mean visual acuity between the two vision charts for patients aged 41-65 years (P<0.05).Conclusions: Both the digital LogMAR vision chart and the standard vision chart were effective and reliable for the measurement of visual acuity. The visual acuity measured by the standard vision chart was higher than that measured by the digital LogMAR vision chart. We recommend using the digital LogMAR vision chart as the preferred chart for measuring visual acuity after retinal detachment surgery.
叶黄素类物质为膳食类胡萝卜素，主要存在于视网膜组织中，为黄斑色素发挥抗氧化活性和蓝光滤过作用。近年来，有研究证实，叶黄素类物质可降低色差，提高视力及对比敏感度等功能，并对于年龄相关性黄斑变性、视网膜光损伤等疾病具有防治作用。
Xanthophylls is a kind of dietary carotenoid, which is mainly located in retina, and plays an important role in antioxidant and blue light ffltration. Lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin can enhance visual performance by decreasing chromatic aberration and enhancing contrast sensitivity, and they can also prevent age-related macular degeneration and retinal light-induced injury.
目的：评估低视力青少年使用电子助视器对其阅读速度的影响。
方法：在泉州市盲校筛查 10 名使用光学助视器有阅读能力的低视力青少年学生进行屈光矫正和常规外眼、内眼检查，分别测量其使用各种光学助视器及电子助视器阅读5号字卡的阅读速度。
结果：10 名低视力青少年学生在使用光学助视器后阅读速度为 (18.50±6.54) 字/分，使用电子助视器后阅读速度为 (34.36±5.06) 字/分，两组比较差异有统计学意义 (P < 0.05)。低视力青少年的近视力与阅读速度无关 (P > 0.05)。
结论：使用电子助视器较光学助视器可以明显提高低视力青少年的阅读速度，不同病因所致的低视力青少年其近视力与阅读速度无关。
Purpose: To evaluate the reading speed of adolescents with different causes of low vision using electronic visual aids.
Methods: The screening of 10 young students from Quanzhou Blind School who could read Chinese N5 print by different optical aids. After refractive correction and ophthalmic examination, the reading speeds with Chinese N5 print were measured using various optical and electronic visual aids.
Results: The reading speed of (34.36 ± 5.06) words/min by electronic visual aids performed faster than the reading speed of (18.50 ± 6.54) words/min by optical visual aids in 10 young students with low vision (P < 0.05). The reading speed of young people with low vision due to different causes had no direct linear correlation with their near visual acuity (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: The electronic visual aids could more significantly improve the reading speed of young people with low vision than the optical visual aids did. The reading speed of young people with low vision due to different causes was not related to their near visual acuity.
该文报道一例30岁的男性患者因“双眼自幼视力不佳，强光下视物模糊加重4年余”就诊，经过眼部检查评估，诊断为双眼瞳孔残膜、双眼屈光不正。患者接受一期双眼瞳孔残膜切除、二期双眼行有晶状体眼后房型环曲面人工晶状体(toric implantable collamer lens,TICL)植入手术，术后视力恢复良好。文章回顾了该例患者的诊治过程，为临床屈光不正同时伴有瞳孔残膜患者的诊治提供参考。
A 30-year-old male patient presented at our institution with a history of poor vision in both eyes since childhood, exacerbated by blurriness under bright light for over four years. Following a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, the patient was diagnosed with bilateral pupillary membrane remnants and refractive errors. The patient underwent a two-stage surgical intervention, starting with the removal of the pupillary membrane remnants, followed by the implantation of toric implantable collamer lenses (TICL) in the posterior chamber of the lensless eyes. Postoperative outcomes were favorable, with significant improvement in visual acuity. This article reviews the therapeutic journey of the patient, offering insights into the diagnosis and management of individuals with concurrent refractive anomalies and pupillary membrane remnants, thereby contributing to the clinical discourse on the subject.
因不同的眼部和神经性疾病，导致视觉功能严重受损，为低视力患者日常活动(如阅读及驾驶)及生活质量、心理健康带来严重的影响。人们对外界信息的感知主要来源于视觉，除威胁生命的重大疾病外，对人感官影响最大的损害当属视觉损伤。且随着人口日益老龄化，该问题日趋加重，低视力已成为目前全球范围内一个严重的公共卫生问题。目前，低视力康复发展面临着临床和科研的巨大挑战，要研发出一种能有效改善视觉功能，同时能兼顾多种功能的视障辅助技术，这需要医学、生物学、工程学、微电子学、计算机学等多学科的共同发展和相互合作。低视力康复通过为患者提供适宜的视障辅助技术，最大化利用患者的残余视力及视觉功能，改善与低视力相关的功能限制，有效改善其独立性和整体生活质量，使其独立生活、工作并融入社会成为可能。该文对经典的助视器、人工视觉(视觉假体/视觉感官替代设备)、经颅刺激及视觉生物反馈训练等视障辅助技术在低视力康复中的应用进展进行综述。
Patients with low vision are severely impaired in visual function due to different ocular and neurological disorders,which have a serious impact on their daily activities (such as reading and driving), quality of life and mental health.People's perception of external information mainly comes from vision. Expect for the life-threatening major diseases,visual damage has the greatest impact on people's senses. With the ageing of the population, the problem is getting worse, and low vision has become a serious public health problem in the world. Currently the development of low vision rehabilitation is facing a huge challenge in clinical and scientific research, to develop a visual impairment assistance technology that can effectively improve visual function while balancing multiple functions. It requires the joint development and cooperation of multiple disciplines such as medicine, biology, engineering, microelectronics, and computer science. Low vision rehabilitation provides patients with appropriate visual impairment assistance technology,maximizing the use of residual vision and visual function of patients, improving the functional limitations associated with low vision, effectively improving their independence and overall quality of life, and makes it possible for them to live, work and integrate into the society independently. This article reviews the progress in the application on visual impaired assistive technologies such as classic visual aids, artificial vision (visual prostheses/visual sensory replacement devices), transcranial stimulation and visual biofeedback training in low vision rehabilitation.
目的：探索白内障术眼低视力的原因。方法：对2011年10月至2013年3月在汕头国际眼科中心行白内障手术，术前无法窥清眼底，术后1周最佳矫正视力<0.3的患者进行视力、最佳矫正视力、眼压测量、裂隙灯检查、眼底镜检查、眼底照相及光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography，OCT)，若未发现任何视网膜器质性病变，再进行视觉诱发电位检查及视野检查。由2位医生对检查结果进行分析，对不同的眼底病变做出诊断，统计分析白内障术眼低视力的原因。结果：共纳入行白内障手术患者5 608例，术后1周最佳矫正视力<0.3的患者共49例(共49眼)，其中男20例，女29例，右眼31只，左眼18只，年龄(69.11±12.05)岁。白内障术后低视力比例为0.87%。其中高度近视性脉络膜视网膜病变12例(24.5%)，椭圆体带连续性破坏10例(20.4%)，糖尿病性视网膜病变8例(16.3%)，黄斑孔5例(10.2%)，老年性黄斑变性4例(8.1%)，黄斑前膜3例(6.1%)，黄斑区视网膜厚度变薄1例(2.0%)，视网膜色素变性1例(2.0%)，视网膜劈裂症1例(2.0%)，视网膜分支动脉阻塞1例(2.0%)，白塞氏病1例(2.0%)，缺血性视神经病变1例(2.0%)，视网膜前膜1例(2.0%)。结论：在本组白内障术眼低视力的患者中，高度近视性脉络膜视网膜病变占主要部分，为24.5%，其次分别为椭圆体带连续性破坏、糖尿病性视网膜病变、黄斑孔、老年性黄斑变性和黄斑前膜。利用OCT可发现影响白内障术后视力的细微视网膜结构变化，对于白内障术前眼底可见的患者常规行OCT有利于判断手术预后，便于医患沟通，提高手术满意度。
Objective: To explore the causes of low vision after cataract surgery. Methods: Patients who underwent cataract surgery at Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese university of Hong Kong ( JSIEC) from October 2011 to March 2013, whose fundus status could not be seen before surgery, and the best corrected visual acuity <0.3 in the first week after surgery, underwent a series of detailed ocular examinations, including visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp examination, fundus examination, fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. If no organic lesions of the retina were found, then visual evoked potential examination and visual field examination were performed. Two doctors analyzed the examination results of the examination, made the diagnosis of different fundus diseases, and statistically analyzed the causes of low vision after cataract surgery. Results: A total of 5 608 cataract surgeries were performed in our hospital from October 2011 to March 2013. A total of 49 patients (49 eyes) with best corrected visual acuity worse than 0.3 within postoperative 1 week 20 male and 29 female, 31 right eyes and 18 left eyes, aged (69.11±12.05) years on average. The proportion of low vision after cataract surgery was 0.87%. 12 cases (24.5%) of high myopic chorioretinopathy, 10 cases (20.4%) of ellipsoidal band defect, 8 cases (16.3%) of diabetic retinopathy, 5 cases (10.2%) of macular holes, 4 cases (8.1%) of age-related macular degeneration, 3 cases (6.1%) of macular epiretinal membrane, 1 case (2.0%) of thinning macular retinal thickness, 1 case (2.0%) of retinitis pigmentosa, 1 case of retinoschisis (2.0%), 1 case of branch retinal artery occlusion (2.0%), 1 case of Behcet’s disease (2.0%), and 1 case of ischemic optic neuropathy (2.0%), 1 case of epiretinal membrane (2.0%). Conclusion: Among patients with low vision after cataract surgery, high myopic chorioretinopathy accounts for 24.5%, followed by ellipsoidal band defect, diabetic retinopathy, macular hole, age-related macular degeneration, and macular epiretinal membrane. The use of optical coherence tomography can detect subtle microscopic retinal structural changes that affect vision after cataract surgery. For patients with visible fundus before cataract surgery, routine optical coherence tomography contributes to evaluating the prognosis of the operation, facilitating doctorpatient communication, and improving the degree of surgical satisfaction.
