目的：探讨出血型视网膜大动脉瘤及合并症的红外光反射成像（infrared light reflection, IR）和眼底荧光血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography, FFA）的影像特征。方法：采用回顾性病例系列研究。收集2010年2月—2024年6月在河南省立眼科医院确诊的出血型视网膜大动脉瘤患者35例35眼，所有眼均行IR联合FFA检查，其中10眼行吲哚菁绿血管造影（indocyanine green angiography, ICGA）检查，分析视网膜大动脉瘤及其合并症的眼底影像学特点。结果：IR检查显示34眼视网膜大动脉瘤体呈囊状反射光。FFA检查显示27眼视网膜大动脉瘤呈囊样强荧光，此外，FFA检查还发现5眼伴视网膜分支静脉阻塞，1眼伴视网膜分支动脉阻塞。FFA组在视网膜大动脉瘤检出率低于IR组(P <0.05)。在10眼出血型视网膜大动脉瘤中，IR组和ICGA组在视网膜大动脉瘤检出率方面比较差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论：IR检查对于出血型视网膜动脉瘤的检测可等效于ICGA检查，IR联合FFA检查适合于出血型视网膜大动脉瘤及合并症的个体化诊断。

Objective: To evaluate the imaging characteristics of infrared light reflection (IR) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm and its complications. Methods: Retrospective case series study was used. The clinic data of 35 patients (35 eyes) were diagnosed in Henan Eye Hosptial from February 2010 to June 2024. All eyes were examinated by IR and FFA, and 10 eyes examinated by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). The fundus imaging characteristics of hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm and its complications was analyzed. Results: The images of IR presented 34 eyes with cystic strong reflex light. FFA showed 27 eyes with cystic strong fluorescence, in addition, FFA revealed 5 eyes with retinal branch vein occlusion and 1 eye with retinal branch artery occlusion. The detection rate of hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm in the FFA group was lower than that in the IR group (P =0.038<0.05). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm between the IR group and the ICGA group in 10 eyes with hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm (P =1.000>0.05). Conclusion: IR examination could be equivalent to ICGA examination for detecting hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm, and IR combined with FFA examination is suitable for individualized diagnosis of hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm and its complications.

目的：评估Smart plug泪小管塞治疗水液缺乏型干眼的长期并发症。方法：收集汕头国际眼科中心2011至2016年门诊确诊的水液缺乏型干眼患者300例(600眼)，进行Smart plug泪小管塞治疗，随访观察术后临床并发症，中位随访时间为术后3年(术后1~5年)。结果：3例患者(3眼)术后患有泪小管炎(0.5%)，发病时间为术后1~3(中位2)年，取出泪小管塞后并给予局部抗生素滴眼液治愈。2例患者 (4眼)因植入上下泪小管塞后流泪症状不能耐受，单纯取出下泪小管塞后症状缓解(0.7%)；4例患者(8眼)因只植入下泪小管塞症状未能明显好转，1个月后再次植入上泪小管塞(1.3%)；291例患者干眼主观症状改善，有效率为97.5%，长期随访未发现并发症。结论：虽然Smart plug泪小管塞治疗水液 缺乏型干眼具有明确的疗效，但Smart plug泪小管塞植入后的长期并发症不容忽视，需要长期观察。

Objective: To evaluate the long-term complication associated with the use of the Smart plug in the treatment of aqueous tear deficiency dry eye. Methods: A total of 300 patients (600 eyes) were collected in Joint Shantou International Eye Center from 2011 to 2016, all the patients accepted the treatment with Smart plug, and were followed up for clinical complications. The median follow-up time was postoperative 3 years (1–5 years after surgery). Results: Three patients (3 eyes) developed canaliculitis, the rate was 0.5%. The median time from Smart plug insertion to the onset of canaliculitis was 2 (1–3) years, leaving the Smart plug and resolved the application of topical antibiotics. Two patients (4 eyes) could not suffer from implantation of the upper and lower Smart plug, removed the below, the ratio was 0.7%; 4 patients (8 eyes) need upper Smart plug insertion after implantation of the lower one month later, the rate was 1.3%; 291 cases of dry eye improved by long-term followup, the effective rate was 97.5%. Conclusion: Although the Smart plug is effective in the treatment of aqueous tear deffciency dry eye, the later complications of Smart plug insertion cannot be neglected and need the long-term follow-up.

      一名36岁的女性于16年前因静脉滴注“青霉素”引发Stevens-Johnson综合征，出现皮肤剥脱，口、鼻腔黏膜破损出血，双眼红肿伴分泌物增多等症状，当时经过治疗症状基本缓解。数月后开始反复出现眼部不适，2010年患者的视力明显下降，眼部疼痛加重，伴畏光流泪。至2016年入暨南大学附属第一医院时双眼最佳矫正视力仅0.1(右眼)、光感(左眼)，双眼角膜混浊，新生血管长入，甚至出现睑球粘连。80%的SJS患者可伴有眼部并发症，经过治疗症状缓解后，眼部病变仍可能继续进展，最终导致视力障碍甚至更严重的后遗症。因此患者病情稳定后仍须随诊，密切关注眼部、皮肤及黏膜的变化情况。

A 36-year-old woman developed Stevens-Johnson syndrome 16 years ago due to intravenous infusion of “penicillin”. She developed symptoms such as skin exfoliation, oral and nasal mucous damage, redness and swelling of the eyes, and increased secretions. TTe condition was relieved affer treatment. A few months later she repeated eye discomfort, in 2010 the patient’s visual acuity decreased significantly, eye pain increased with photophobia and tears. Her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was only 0.1 for the right eye and light perception for the left eye, corneal opacity, angiogenesis, and even the symblepharon were observed when admitted to First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University in 2016. About 80% of Stevens-Johnson syndrome patients may be accompanied by ocular complications. Although the ocular symptoms are relieved after treatment, eye disease is still likely to progress, eventually leading to visual impairment and even more serious sequelae. TTerefore, patients with stable condition still need follow-up, and close attention should be paid to the changes of the eyes, skin and mucous membranes.

Two patients aged of 30 and 22 (female in cases 1, and male in case 2) both complained of unilateral blurring of vision and scotoma within a week of being diagnosed with dengue fever. No other abnormal findings were found in their anterior segment. Retinal examination revealed blurring of the optic disc margin and several white spots in the posterior in both cases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imagery revealed that the white spots were only located in the retinal outer layers. Macular cystic foveolitis were also found in case 1 and diff used macular edema in case 2. In case 1, visual and retinal recovery were seen to resolve spontaneously. In case 2, patient had complete visual recovery two months after onset of the disease after being treated with steroids but central scotomata has continued to persist.

Two patients aged of 30 and 22 (female in cases 1, and male in case 2) both complained of unilateral blurring of vision and scotoma within a week of being diagnosed with dengue fever. No other abnormal findings were found in their anterior segment. Retinal examination revealed blurring of the optic disc margin and several white spots in the posterior in both cases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imagery revealed that the white spots were only located in the retinal outer layers. Macular cystic foveolitis were also found in case 1 and diff used macular edema in case 2. In case 1, visual and retinal recovery were seen to resolve spontaneously. In case 2, patient had complete visual recovery two months after onset of the disease after being treated with steroids but central scotomata has continued to persist.

猫抓病(cat scratch disease，CSD)是由巴尔通体引起的一种人畜共患病。该病不仅有多种全身表现，还可能出现各种危害视力的眼部并发症。随着家庭饲养宠物不断增多，CSD发病率逐年上升，眼科医生应重视此病。CSD的临床表现多种多样，容易误诊，与猫等宠物接触的病史、高滴度的血清免疫球蛋白G抗体是诊断的关键，聚合酶链反应也有助于诊断。由于CSD通常是免疫能力强的个体的自限性感染，因此通常不需要抗生素治疗。然而，当免疫力低或感染重时，多西环素是最常用的抗生素。

Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a zoonotic disease caused by Bartonella, which not only has a variety of systemic manifestations, but also may have various ocular complications that endanger vision. With the increasing number of pets kept at home, its incidence shows an increasing trend year by year. Therefore, ophthalmologists should pay attention to this disease. The clinical manifestations of CSD are various, which easily lead to misdiagnosis. The medical history of contact with cats and other pets and serum immunoglobulin G antibody with high titer are the key to diagnosis, and polymerase chain reaction is also helpful to diagnosis. Because CSD is usually a self-limiting infection of individuals with strong immune ability, antibiotic treatment is usually not required. However, when immunity is low or infection is severe, doxycycline is the most commonly used antibiotic.