近年来，使用人工智能(artificial intelligence，AI)技术对临床大数据及图像进行分析，对疾病做出智能诊断、预测并提出诊疗决策，AI正逐步成为辅助临床及科研的先进技术。生物样本库作为收集临床信息和样本供科研使用的平台，是临床与科研的桥梁，也是临床信息与科研数据的集成平台。影响生物样本库使用效率及合理共享的因素有信息化建设水平不均衡、获取的临床及检验信息不完全、各库之间信息不对称等。本文对AI和区块链技术在生物样本库建设中的具体应用场景进行探讨，展望大数据时代智能生物样本库信息化建设的核心方向。

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been applied to analyze clinical big data and images and then make intelligent diagnosis, prediction and treatment decisions. It is gradually becoming an advanced technology to assist clinical and scientific research. Biobank is a platform for collecting clinical information and samples for scientific research, serving as a bridge between clinical and scientific research. It is also an integrated platform of clinical information and scientific research data. However, there are some challenges. First, clinical and laboratory information obtained is incomplete. Additionally, the information among different databases is asymmetric, which seriously impedes the information sharing among different Biobanks. In this article, the specific application scenarios of AI technology and blockchain in the construction of a Biobank were discussed, aiming to pinpoint the core direction of the information construction of an intelligent Biobank in the era of big data.

当下，我国眼科的发展存在失衡现象，大城市与农村及偏远地区在眼科相关诊疗设施水平、诊疗技术等方面存在巨大差异，仍需探寻新的智能诊疗模式以解决失衡问题。由于眼球是唯一可以直接观察人体血管和神经的器官，眼部可反映其他脏器的健康状态，部分眼科检查的医学图像可对眼部疾病做出诊断等特点，眼科开展人工智能(artificial intelligence，AI)具有独到的优势。此外，人工智能可在一定程度上提高跨时间空间传递信息的精准度及效率。人工智能在眼科及远程信息传递的优势为解决眼科发展失衡状况提供了助力。本文从眼科人工智能在眼科远程医疗相关应用的角度，主要分析并总结当下我国人工智能在眼科相关疾病远程医疗中的发展程度、所具优势以及存在问题，并讨论眼科人工智能在远程医疗的应用展望。

At present, there is an imbalance in the development of ophthalmology in China. There are huge differences in the level of ophthalmology related facilities, diagnosis and treatment technologies between big cities and rural, remote areas. New intelligent diagnosis and treatment models are still needed to solve the imbalance. Since the eye is the only organ that can directly observe the blood vessels and nerves of the human body, the eye can reflect the health status of other organs and diagnosis of eye diseases based on medical images of some ophthalmic examinations can be made as well as other characteristics. Therefore, the development of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology has unique advantages. In addition, artificial intelligence can improve the accuracy and efficiency of information transmission across time and space to a certain extent. The advantages of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology and telematics are helping to solve the imbalance in ophthalmology development. From the perspective of the application of ophthalmic artificial intelligence in telemedicine, this paper mainly analyzes and summarizes the development degree, advantages and existing problems of artificial intelligence in the telemedicine of ophthalmic diseases in China, and discusses the prospect of the application of ophthalmic artificial intelligence in telemedicine.

帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease，PD)是老年人常见的神经系统退行性疾病，眼部及视觉功能障碍是PD常见的非运动症状之一，进一步影响其生活质量。已有研究表明PD患者视网膜内存在多巴胺浓度的减少以及α突触核蛋白的沉积。目前，PD仍缺乏有效的早期诊断及病情评估工具，光学相干断层扫描及光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术可以显示视网膜各层微细结构及微血管的异常，应用该技术研究者发现PD患者视乳头旁视网膜神经纤维层及黄斑区视网膜的厚度均存在不同程度的变薄，视网膜浅层及深层毛细血管丛的毛细血管密度和复杂性下降。进一步研究者应用该技术在PD临床应用中进行了探索，并发现其可用于检测早期PD中发生的病理变化，反映疾病的病程及严重程度，并且在鉴别诊断中起到一定的作用。总而言之，视网膜相关检测可能成为评估PD患者脑病理严重程度的指标，并且帮助疾病诊断和监测疾病的进展，不过这仍需要大样本、多中心的重复研究以提供更多理论依据。

Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, and ocular and visual dysfunction is one of the common non-motor symptoms of PD, further affecting PD patients’quality of life. Reduced dopamine concentrations and deposition of α-synuclein in the retina of PD patients have been shown in studies. At present, there is still a lack of effective tools for early diagnosis and assessment of PD. Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography can reveal abnormalities in the microstructure and microvasculature of the retinal layers, and researchers applying these techniques have found that the thickness of the parapapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and the retina in the macula in PD patients have had varying degrees of thinning, and the density and complexity of capillaries in the superficial and deep capillary plexus of the retina have been reduced. Further, investigators have explored the clinical application of these techniques in PD and have found that they can be used to detect pathological changes occurring in early PD, reflect the course and severity of the disease, and play a role in differential diagnosis. In conclusion, retinal-correlated testing may be an indicator to assess the severity of brain pathology in PD patients and to aid in disease diagnosis and monitoring the progression of PD, although large sample, multicenter replication studies are still needed to provide more reliable results.

眼睑基底细胞癌(basal cell carcinoma of eyelid, BCC)是眼附属器中最为常见的恶性肿瘤，近年来，其全球发病率呈持续上升趋势，且患者发病年龄有明显年轻化的倾向，这不仅增加了疾病的公共卫生负担，也对临床防治策略提出了更高要求。本文综述了眼睑BCC在诊疗领域的最新研究进展。在诊断方面，除传统组织病理学检查外，皮肤镜、反射共聚焦显微镜(reflectance confocal microscope, RCM)和光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography, OCT)等新技术的应用不仅显著提升了诊断灵敏度与特异度，更在肿瘤亚型鉴别和边界描绘方面展现出独特优势。在分子机制研究方面，代谢组学揭示了眼睑BCC存在显著的代谢重编程，包括脂质代谢、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD)代谢、多胺代谢以及葡萄糖代谢等多条代谢通路的异常活化。更为前沿的空间代谢组学技术则将代谢信息与组织空间位置相结合，进一步验证了磺酸、羟基吡啶硫酮等特异性代谢物在肿瘤发生发展中的潜在生物标志物价值。治疗方面，除了传统手术治疗之外，放射治疗的技术革新，以及针对Hedgehog信号通路的靶向药物及免疫抑制剂等免疫疗法的突破，为晚期/转移性患者带来了革命性的治疗转机。文章旨在为未来的眼睑BCC预防和治疗策略提供新的见解，并为临床医生提供新的诊疗思路。

Eyelid basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most prevalent malignant tumor of the ocular adnexa, has seen a steady rise in global incidence, accompanied by a notable trend toward earlier onset. This trend not only exacerbates the public health burden but also imposes greater demands on clinical strategies for prevention and management. This article reviews the latest research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of eyelid BCC. In diagnostic practice, alongside conventional histopathological examination, the incorporation of novel technologies—such as dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and optical coherence tomography (OCT)—has markedly enhanced diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, while offering distinct advantages in tumor subtype differentiation and margin assessment. Metabolomic analyses reveal pronounced metabolic reprogramming in eyelid BCC, with aberrant activation of lipid, NAD, polyamine, and glucose metabolism. Spatial metabolomics further supports the biomarker potential of metabolites such as taurine and pyrithione in tumor initiation and progression. Beyond conventional surgery, advances in radiotherapy, targeted Hedgehog pathway inhibitors, and immunotherapies have created new opportunities for advanced or metastatic eyelid BCC. This review highlights emerging strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, offering clinicians fresh perspectives for patient management.

先天性白内障是晶状体发育异常引起的以晶状体混浊为特征的疾病，导致婴幼儿中重度视力损害，严重影响患儿长期生存质量，给全球带来较大的社会经济负担。目前先天性白内障的发病机制尚未得到很好的阐明，遗传因素虽在其中扮演重要角色，但已知基因突变仅能解释约30%的病例，大多数患儿发病原因仍不明确。晶状体的透明性依赖于晶状体上皮细胞和纤维细胞精密有序的排列，这与受到严格调控的晶状体发育过程密切相关，任何环节异常均可能导致晶状体早期混浊。故阐明调控晶状体发育的分子与细胞机制，是深入探究先天性白内障病因的前提。表观遗传学是在DNA序列不改变的情况下，对控制基因的活性和表达的因素进行研究的学科，包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑、非编码RNA调控等多种修饰，近年受到生命科学领域研究者较多的关注。在眼发育及眼部各类疾病机制探索中，表观遗传调控已被证实参与多种生理与病理过程。本综述通过总结已发表的与晶状体发育和先天性白内障发病机制相关的表观遗传学研究，尝试汇总与先天性白内障发生发展相关的表观遗传分子及通路，为进一步揭示疾病机制提供理论依据，并为未来的临床诊疗提供新的思路和方法。

Congenital cataract is a disease characterized by lens opacity due to abnormal lens development.This opacity results in moderate to severe visual impairment in infants and young children, significantly impacting their long-term quality of life and imposing a substantial socioeconomic burden globally. The pathogenesis of congenital cataract remains not fully understood. Although genetic factors play a significant role, known gene mutations account for only about 30% of cases, leaving the underlying cause unclear for the majority of affected children. Lens transparency depends on the precise, ordered arrangement of lens epithelial cells and fiber cells, a process that is closely tied to the strictly regulated lens development. Abnormalities at any stage of development may lead to early lens opacity. Therefore, clarifying the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate lens development is a prerequisite for investigating the etiology of congenital cataract. Epigenetics is the field of study that focuses on factors controlling gene activity and expression without altering DNA sequences. It encompasses a wide range of modifications including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulation, and has garnered significant attention from researchers in recent years. In the context of ocular development and the mechanisms underlying various eye diseases, epigenetic regulation has been shown to participate in multiple physiological and pathological processes. This review synthesizes published research on epigenetics related to lens development and the pathogenesis of congenital cataract. It aims to summarize the epigenetic molecules and pathways associated with the onset and progression of congenital cataracts, providing a theoretical foundation for further elucidating disease mechanisms and offering new insights and approaches for future clinical diagnosis and treatment.

目的：观察超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术（phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, PEI）联合房角分离术（goniosynechialysis, GSL）及房角切开术（goniotomy, GT）治疗中晚期原发性慢性闭角型青光眼（chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma , CPACG）合并白内障的安全性和有效性。方法：采用回顾性病例研究。收集2020年6月至2024年1月在成都市中西医结合医院行PEI联合GSL及GT的中晚期CPACG合并白内障患者94例133眼，观察最佳矫正视力（best corrected visual acuity, BCVA）、眼压、抗青光眼药物使用数量及术后并发症等情况。采用重复测量方差分析、Wilcoxon秩检验进行统计学处理。结果：术后1天，1周，1、3、6个月94例患者133眼的BCVA（logMAR）均较术前有所提升（P＜0.05）；从术后1天到6个月的所有随访时间点眼压均较术前明显下降（F = 189.79，P＜0.001）；术后6个月，患者使用的降眼压药物数量明显低于术前 ( Z = -2.392，P＜0.001)。术后1周中31眼（23%）出现角膜水肿，15眼（11%）出现前房积血，均在1周内消退；术后1个月内1眼出现眼压反跳，予以前房穿刺放液等治疗后眼压恢复到正常范围。术后6个月，121眼（91%）手术完全成功，10眼（8%）手术条件成功。结论：PEI联合GSL及GT治疗中晚期CPACG合并白内障可有效地提高视力、降低眼压，且无严重并发症。

Objective: To observe the safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (PEI) combined with goniosynechialysis (GSL) and goniotomy (GT) in treating advanced chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (CPACG) complicated by cataract. Methods: This was a retrospective case series study. We collected data from a total of 94 patients (133 eyes) who had advanced CPACG along with cataract and underwent PEI+GSL+GT at Chengdu Integrated TCM&Western Medicine Hospital between June 2020 and January 2024. We observed the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of anti-glaucoma drugs used, and postoperative complications. Repeated measures ANOVA and Wilcoxon rank test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The BCVA (logMAR) at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery showed significant improvement compared to the pre-surgical values (F = 189.79，P < 0.001); The IOP at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months post-surgery was significantly lower than that pre-surgical IOP (P < 0.001). The number of IOP-lowering drugs used at 6 months after surgery was also significantly reduced compared to the pre-surgical (Z = -2.392, P < 0.001). One week after surgery, corneal edema occurred in 31 eyes (23%) and hyphema in 15 eyes (11%) , both of which resolved spontaneously within 1 week. Within one month after surgery, 1 eye experienced an IOP spike, and the intraocular pressure returned to normal range after treatments such as anterior chamber puncture and drainage. Six months after surgery, the operation was completely successful in 121 eyes (91%), and conditionally successful in 10 eyes (8%), resulting in an overall surgical success rate of 99%. Conclusions: PEI combined with GSL and GT can effectively improve vision and reduce IOP in patients with advanced CPACG complicated by cataract, without causing serious complications.

目的：关于大气污染物是否与年龄相关性白内障有关联的研究有限，以往的研究结果也不一致。本研究旨在评估多种大气污染物与年龄相关性白内障之间的关系。方法：采用双样本孟德尔随机化（Mendelian Randomization,MR）设计，并使用了来自亚洲及欧洲两个人群的独立全基因组关联研究（Genome-Wide Association Study,GWAS）的汇总统计数据。大气污染物数据包括颗粒物2.5（particulate matter2.5,PM2.5）、PM2.5-10、PM10、二氧化氮和氮氧化物。主要分析方法是逆方差加权（Inverse Variance Weighted,IVW）法，辅以多变量孟德尔随机化分析（Multivariable Mendelian Randomization,MVMR）校正污染物间混杂效应，并通过敏感性分析验证结果的稳健性。Cochran Q检验法被用来评估各个单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP）之间是否存在显著的异质性。并采用MR PRESSO方法来识别并排除SNP中的异常值，同时利用MR Egger回归模型评估SNP之间可能存在的多效性，并通过逐一排除每个SNP进行敏感性分析，以确保MR分析结果不受单一SNP的显著影响。结果：关于5种大气污染物特征，亚洲人群结果中，二氧化氮暴露与年龄相关性白内障存在正相关（OR=1.03, 95%置信区间（confidence interval, CI） 1.00~1.06，P=0.026），但在多变量分析中效应方向反转（OR=0.86, 95%CI 0.77~0.97, P=0.013）；在欧洲人群中，PM2.5-10与年龄相关性白内障显著相关（OR=1.35, 95%CI 1.12~1.62，P=0.002），且在多变量分析中因果效应依然显著（OR=1.58, 95%CI 1.27-3.70, P=0.03）。敏感性分析支持结果的稳健性，未发现异质性或多效性偏倚。结论：环境中PM2.5 - 10和二氧化氮与年龄相关性白内障存在复杂因果关系，且因人群而异。亚洲人群中，二氧化氮单变量分析呈正相关，多变量分析效应反转，倾向多变量分析结果，即其降低年龄相关性白内障风险；欧洲人群中，PM2.5 - 10单、多变量分析均呈正相关，显示其会增加年龄相关性白内障风险。

Objective: Research exploring the association between atmospheric pollutants and age-related cataracts is scarce, and previous studies have yielded inconsistent findings. This study aims to assess the relationship between various atmospheric pollutants and age-related cataracts. Methods: We adopted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design, using summary statistics from independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted on Asian and European populations. The atmospheric pollutant considered in this study included PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. The primary analysis method was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach. Addtionally, multivariable MR (MVMR) was used to adjust for confounding effects among pollutants. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the robustness of the results. The Cochran Q test was employed to assess significant heterogeneity among SNPs. The MR PRESSO method was applied to identify and exclude outliers SNPs, while the MR Egger regression model was used to evaluate potential pleiotropy among SNPs. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses were performed by excluding each SNP one by one to ensure that the MR analysis results were not significantly influenced by a single SNP. Results: Among the five atmospheric pollutants studied, we discovered a significant positive correlation between nitrogen dioxide exposure and age-related cataracts in the Asian population (OR=1.03, 95%CI 1.00-1.06, P=0.026). However, the direction of the effect was reversed in the multivariable analysis (OR=0.86, 95%CI 0.77-0.97, P=0.013). In the European population, PM2.5-10 was significantly associated with age-related cataracts (OR=1.35, 95%CI 1.12-1.62, P=0.002), and the causal effect remained significant in the multivariable analysis (OR=1.58, 95%CI 1.27-3.70, P=0.03). Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the results, with no evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy bias. Conclusions: This study revealed a complex causal relationship between environmental PM2.5 - 10 and NO₂ and age-related cataracts, which varied across populations. In Asian populations, the univariate analysis of nitrogen dioxide showed a positive correlation, but the effect was reversed in multivariate analysis, leaning towards the multivariate results and indicating a reduced risk of age-related cataracts. In European populations, both univariate and multivariate analyses of PM2.5 - 10 showed a positively correlation, increasing the risk of age-related cataracts. The study provides genetic evidence for the prevention and control of air pollution and highlights the importance of using multi-pollutant models to assess environmental health effects.

IgG4相关性眼病（immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease, IgG4-ROD）是一种与IgG4阳性浆细胞浸润和血清IgG4水平升高相关的系统性疾病。该病的眼部表现包括泪腺、眼眶脂肪、眶下神经、眼外肌和眼睑的受累，且常伴有炎症和纤维化过程。在分子水平上，IgG4-ROD涉及多种免疫细胞和细胞因子的相互作用，包括辅助性T细胞1（T helper cell 1, Th1）、辅助性T细胞2（T helper cell 2, Th2）、调节性T细胞 (regulatory T cells, Tregs）和滤泡辅助性T细胞（follicular helper T cell, Tfh），以及由它们分泌的白细胞介素4（interleukin 4, IL-4）、白细胞介素13（interleukin 13, IL-13）和转化生长因子β（transforming growth factor-β,  TGF-β）等。这些分子通过促进B细胞活化和IgG4的产生，以及纤维化过程的发生，共同参与了IgG4-ROD的发病机制。诊断依赖于组织病理学特征，治疗通常包括糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂，旨在控制免疫介导的炎症和纤维化，减轻症状并防止器官损伤。随着对IgG4-ROD在分子层面发病机制认识的深入，治疗策略将不断优化，进而为患者提供更为精准和有效的治疗方案，从而改善患者预后，提高患者生活质量。本文基于现有研究，总结并阐述了与IgG4-ROD致病有关的关键分子及信号通路，从分子视角对IgG4-ROD的自身免疫、纤维化及二者之间的联系与转变进行综述。

Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) is a systemic discorder characterized by the infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells and elevated serum IgG4 levels. The ocular symptoms of this disease can affect multiple structures, including the lacrimal gland, orbital fat, infraorbital nerves, extraocular muscles, and eyelids.These manifestations are often accompanied by inflammatory and fibrotic processes. At the molecular level, IgG4-ROD is linked to the interaction of various immune cells and cytokines. These include T helper cell 1 (Th1), T helper cell 2 (Th2), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and follicular helper T cells (Tfh), along with cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 13 (IL-13), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). They promote B cell activation and IgG4 production, and also facilitate the development of fibrosis. Diagnosis of IgG4-ROD is mainly based on histopathological features. Treatment typically involves the use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents, which aim to control immune-mediated inflammation and fibrosis, alleviate symptoms, and prevent organ damage. As our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of IgG4-ROD advances, it is aniticipated that treatment strategies will be continuously refined. This will enable us to offer patients more precise and effective therapeutic options, ultimately improving prognosis and quality of life. This article provides a summary and clarification of the key molecules and signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of IgG4-ROD. It also reviews,   from a molecular perspective, the interplay between autoimmunity and fibrosis, as well as their transformations.

急性泪囊炎常由慢性泪囊炎急性发作引发，典型症状为流泪，异常分泌物增多等慢性泪囊炎症状，继发泪囊区红肿热痛等急性泪囊炎表现，多为单眼发病。慢性淋巴细胞白血病（chronic lymphocytic leukemia, CLL）属于原发于造血组织的恶性血液疾病，从表面看这两种疾病在病理生理方面没有直接联系。本研究报告了1例以急性泪囊炎作为首发症状的CLL患者，表现为双眼急性泪囊炎体征，经全身检查确诊为CLL。同时，通过回顾相关文献，发现有类似报道，但一例为小儿白血病患者以急性泪囊炎首发体征出现，一例急性泪囊炎患者泪囊摘除后经病理活检确诊为CLL，目前尚未见关于CLL保守治疗后急性泪囊炎明显缓解的报道。该病的发生可能与泪道引流相关淋巴组织（lacrimal drainage-associated lymphoid tissue, LDALT）改变有关，它作为黏膜免疫系统的一部分，可引导CLL细胞向LDALT迁移并定植，破坏局部的免疫微环境，干扰泪道的免疫平衡，抑制正常免疫细胞的功能，促进导致鼻泪管淋巴细胞异常增生等，引发泪道系统引流不畅。同时，此外，CLL所致的全身免疫抑制状态，也使得机体整体抗感染能力降低，增加了泪囊感染的风险，最终导致急性泪囊炎的发生和发展。通过对该病例的潜在发病机制进行综合分析，并探讨其为临床诊疗带来的启示。

Acute dacryocystitis often results from the acute attack exacerbation of chronic dacryocystitis. Typical symptoms include those of chronic dacryocystitis, such as persistent tearing, increased abnormal secretions, as well secondary manifestations of acute dacryocystitis like redness, swelling, heat and pain in the lacrimal sac area, which are predominantly unilateral. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignant blood disorder originating from hematopoietic tissue. On the surface, these two diseases do not appear to be directly related in terms of pathophysiology. This study reported a case of CLL presenting with acute dacryocystitis as the initial symptom. The patient exhibited signs of acute dacryocystitis in both eyes, and was subsequently diagnosed with CLL following a systemic examination. Meanwhile, a review of the relevant literature revealed similar reports. However, in one instance, acute dacryocystitis in children with leukemia appeared as the first sign of acute leukemia itself, while in another, acute dacryocystitis was diagnosed as CLL by pathological biopsy after dacryocystectomy. At present, there have been no report of significant remission of acute dacryocystitis following conservative treatment for CLL. The occurrence of this condition may be related to the changes in lacrimal drainage-associated lymphoid tissue (LDALT). As a part of the mucosal immune system, LDALT can guide CLL cells to migrate and colonize within it, thereby disrupting the local immune microenvironment, interfering with the immune balance of the lacrimal passage, inhibiting the function of normal immune cells, promoting abnormal lymphocyte proliferation in the nasolacrimal duct, and ultimately leading to impaired drainage of the lacrimal passage system. Additionally, the systemic immunosuppressive state induced by CLL reduces the body’s overall anti-infective capacity, increasing the risk of dacryocystal infection and ultimately contributing to the onset and progression of acute dacryocystitis. Through a comprehensive analysis of the potential pathogenesis of this case, we aim to explore its implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

广州双生子眼病研究（The Guangzhou Twin Eye Study, GTES）是一项针对中国南方双胞胎人群的长期队列研究，通过15年纵向随访数据，系统解析了遗传与环境因素对近视的影响。研究证实，眼轴长度与视网膜周边屈光度具有高度遗传性，且教育负担的加重是近视进展的核心环境驱动因素。GTES基于1291对双生子数据建立了近视预测模型，为近视早期筛查与干预提供科学依据。此外，该研究还探讨了遗传因素和环境因素对近视发展的共同影响。本文基于GTES研究的主要结论，以期为公共卫生策略和临床实践提供更有力的科学依据，以遏制全球近视流行的趋势。

The Guangzhou Twin Eye Study (GTES) is a cohort of twins living in South China that has been longitudinally followed for more than 15 years. This study has extensively investigated the heritability of myopia and the influence of environmental factors, producing significant and far reaching impacts. GTES has found a high heritability of axial length and peripheral refraction, the significant role of education in myopia progression, and established prediction model for myopia onset and progression. The study has also explore the impact of both genetic and environmental factors on myopia development. By reviewing the major findings on myopia from the GTES, we hope to better inform public health strategies and clinical practices aimed at mitigating the global myopia epidemic.