目的：分析泪阜部色素痣合并鳞状细胞乳头状瘤的临床及组织病理学特征。方法：选取2002年1月至2020年6月天津市眼科医院经手术切除的色素痣合并鳞状细胞乳头状瘤10例，分析患者的临床及组织病理学特征。结果：10例患者中男性5例(50%)，年龄(50.20±19.57)岁，左眼5例，右眼5例，其中7例(70%)为复合痣，3例(30%)皮内痣，未见交界痣，7例复合痣和2例皮内痣可见结膜上皮细胞囊肿；鳞状细胞乳头状瘤中，有蒂型7例(70%)，无蒂型3例(30%)，9例(90%)含结膜杯状细胞，1例(10%)伴有鳞状上皮角化，3例(30%)伴慢性炎症，2例(20%)伴有轻度非典型增生，所有病例未见明显的弹力纤维变性。结论：泪阜部色素痣合并鳞状细胞乳头状瘤比较少见，外观易误诊为色素痣恶变或黑色素瘤，临床上应注意甄别，确诊有赖于组织病理学检查。

Objective: To analyze the clinical pathologic characteristics of pigment nevus of lacrimal caruncle complicated with squamous cell papilloma. Methods: This is retrospective case series study including ten patients diagnosed as pigment nevus of lacrimal caruncle complicated with squamous cell papilloma who underwent surgical treatment at Tianjin Eye Hospital from January 2002 to June 2020. The clinical and histological data were abstained for statistical analysis. Results: Among the included 10 patients 5 (50%) were males. The mean age was 50.20±19.57 years (ranged, 21 to 72 years). Five cases involved with the right eye and the other 5 cases involved with the left eye. In term of subtype of nevus, 7 cases (70%) were compound nevus and the left 3 cases (30%) were intradermal nevus. The conjunctival epithelial cysts were found in 7 cases of compound nevus and 2 cases of intradermal nevus. Regarding the clinical appearance of papilloma, 7 cases were pedunculated and 3 cases were sessile. There were 9 papilloma eyes containing conjunctival goblet cells, 1 shows hyperkeratosis, 3 with chronic inflammation, 2 showed mild atypia. There was no obvious elastosis in any of the tumors. Conclusion: The pigment nevus of lacrimal caruncle complicated with squamous cell papilloma mainly localized were not common. They were easily misdiagnosed as melanoma and the diagnosis depended on histopathological examination.

目的：研究泪腺腺样囊性癌不同病理组织学分型和分级间骨质破坏、神经侵犯和预后的差异。方法：回顾性分析2010年4月至2019年4月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼肿瘤科收治并经病理组织学检测确诊的30例泪腺腺样囊性癌患者的完整病历资料。分析患者的一般病历资料、医学影像学资料、病理组织学检查结果以及预后情况等，并系统研究泪腺腺样囊性癌病理组织学分型和分级与患者预后的关系。结果：30例患者中，病理组织学分型为筛状型9例(30.0%)，实体型10例(33.3%)，混合型11例(36.7%)，其中实性和腺管混合型4例(13.3%)、实性和筛状混合型4例(13.3%)、筛状和腺管混合型3例(10.0%)。病理组织学分级为I级12例(40.0%)；II级4例(13.3%)；III级14例(46.7%)。不同病理组织学分型肿瘤骨质破坏发生率差异有统计学意义(P=0.046)；不同病理组织学分级肿瘤骨质破坏发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.513)。不同病理组织学分型与分级肿瘤神经侵犯、远处转移发生均无相关性(均P>0.05)。在行手术联合放射治疗后，不同病理组织学分型肿瘤的无复发率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；实体型的无复发率在36个月内最低(P=0.037)；而病理学分级与手术联合放射治疗后的无复发率无关(P=0.059)。结论：泪腺腺样囊性癌病理组织学分型与骨质破坏发生率和复发率显著相关，其中实体型肿瘤较易复发。而病理学分型与神经侵犯和远处转移发生率无关。病理组织学分级与骨质破坏、神经侵犯、远处转移和复发率无显著相关性。

Objective: To investigate the differences in bone destruction, nerve invasion, and prognosis of lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (LGACC) among different histologic types and grades. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 30 cases of lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma confirmed by histopathology who were admitted to the Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University from April 2010 to April 2019. The general data, imaging findings, histological examination and prognosis were collected and analyzed, with the focus on the relationship between the histological characteristics and the prognosis of lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. Results: Among the 30 patients, 9 cases of cribriform type (30.0%); 10 cases of solid type (33.3%); 11 cases of mixed type (36.7%), including 4 cases of solid and glandular (13.3%), 4 cases of solid and cribriform (13.3%), 3 cases of cribriform and glandular (10.0%). The histopathological grade was I in 12 cases (40.0%), II in 4 cases (13.3%) and III in 14 cases (46.7%). There was statistical difference in the incidence of bone destruction among different histological types (P=0.046). There was no significant difference in the incidence of bone destruction among different histological grades (P=0.513). There was no significant difference between different histological grades and types and the incidence of nerve invasion and distant metastasis (all P>0.05). After surgery combined with radiotherapy, there was a statistical difference in the recurrence-free rate of different histological types, and the recurrence-free rate of solid type was the lowest within 36 months (P=0.037). Histological grade was not associated with recurrence-free rate after surgery combined with radiotherapy (P=0.059). Conclusion: The histological type of adenoid cystic carcinoma of lacrimal gland was significantly correlated with the incidence of bone destruction and recurrence rate, in which solid type was more likely to relapse. And the histological type was not associated with the incidence of nerve invasion or distant metastasis. Histopathological grade was not significantly associated with the rate of bone destruction, nerve invasion, distant metastasis, and recurrence.

目的：制备抗水通道蛋白4(aquaporin 4，AQP4)单克隆抗体，鉴定其免疫学性能为后期临床应用奠定基础。方法：合成AQP4优势抗原表位多肽，经过免疫小鼠、细胞融合及亚克隆筛选，制备可分泌高效价高亲和力的单克隆抗体细胞株，后期获取大量单克隆抗体通过酶联免疫吸附和免疫组织化学实验进行初步实验应用。结果：获得4株杂交瘤细胞株，均能稳定分泌高亲和力抗体，经酶联免疫吸附测定实验和免疫组织化学实验证实均能特异性识别人的AQP4蛋白。结论：成功制备了亲和力高、特异性强的抗人AQP4优势抗原表位的单克隆抗体，为小分子抗体以及抗体人源化制备奠定了基础，进而为治疗视神经脊髓炎相关疾病提供理论依据和技术支持。

Objective: To lay the foundation for clinical applications in the future, we prepare and identify the immunological properties of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) monoclonal antibodies. Methods: The dominant epitope polypeptides of AQP4 were synthesized and used to obtain the cell lines which secrete high tiler and high affinity monoclonal antibodies by immunizing BALB/c mouse cell fusion and screening of subclone. The large amount of monoclonal antibodies were obtained and used for practice via immunohistochemical staining and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Four hybridomas that can stably secret anti-AQP4 antibodies were obtained. ELISA, Western blot and Immunohistochemistry results suggested that the monoclonal antibodies specifically recognized human AQP4 protein. Conclusion: The anti-human AQP4 monoclonal antibody with high affinity and specificity was successfully generated, which thereby provides the foundation for the preparation of small molecule antibodies or humanized antibodies, and then lays a theoretical and technical basis for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica (NMO).

白内障是世界范围内失明的主要原因。正常晶状体是富有弹性的形似双凸透镜的透明体，是机体内蛋白质含量最高的组织，由晶状体囊膜、晶状体上皮细胞、晶状体纤维和悬韧带构成。白内障为晶状体透明度下降，表现为晶状体混浊。近年来随着分子生物学、表观遗传学、免疫学、有机化学等学科快速发展，国内外学者对白内障也进行了大量分子水平的研究，探讨了白内障发生发展相关分子机制，为未来基因治疗和靶向药物等治疗白内障提供了理论基础。对白内障分子病理改变的了解，是白内障精准诊治的基础。

Cataract is the main cause of blindness worldwide. The normal crystalline lens is a transparent biconvex disc, with highest protein content in all human tissues. The lens is composed of capsule, lens epithelial cells, lens fiber and zonular ligment. Cataract is a decrease in the transparency of the lens, which is characterized by opacity. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology, epigenetics, immunology and organic chemistry, researchers have conducted a large number of studies on the molecular basis of genetic or targeted therapy of cataract. It is important to know the molecular pathology of cataract, which is the basis of precise diagnosis and treatment of cataract.

线状皮脂腺痣综合征(linear nevus sebaceous syndrome，LNSS)是一种以皮脂腺痣(nevus sebaceous，NS)为特征性改变，同时合并癫痫、智力迟钝、神经缺陷或骨骼畸形等病变的疾病。本文报道1例经病理组织学检查确诊的LNSS患者，同时伴有双眼脉络膜骨瘤和脑部先天发育异常。由于线状皮脂腺综合征伴双眼多发异常较为少见，本文将总结该例患者的临床和病理表现，旨在为临床诊疗提供一定参考资料。

Linear nevus sebaceous syndrome (LNSS) is a disease characterized by nevus sebaceous (NS) and accompanied by epilepsy, mental retardation, nerve defect or skeletal deformity. We report a case of linear sebaceous nevus syndrome diagnosed by histopathological examination with bilateral choroidal osteoma and congenital developmental abnormalities of the brain. Since linear sebaceous gland syndrome with binocular abnormalities is relatively rare, this paper will summarize the clinical and pathological manifestations of this patient, aiming to provide certain reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

眼眶部副神经节瘤极为罕见，多属非功能性肿瘤。本病例为1位中年女性，以右眼眼睑抬举无力为主诉就诊，眼眶计算机断层扫描(computed tomography，CT)和磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging，MRI)检查发现右眼眼眶内肿物，手术完整切除，结合HE染色和免疫组织化学检查，病理组织学诊断为眼眶副神经节瘤，随访3年，肿瘤无复发。

Orbital paraganglioma is a rare disease and mostly belongs to non-functional tumors. In this report, we described a middle-aged female admitted to our hospital with the chief complaint of weak lifting of her right eyelid. Orbital computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination detected an intra-orbital mass in the right eye. Complete excision was conducted, and post-operative histopathological and immunohistochemical examination revealed the mass to be orbital paraganglioma. Within the 3-year follow-up, the patient showed no recurrence.

上皮内生是眼外伤或眼前节手术后罕见的严重并发症，可导致角膜内皮失代偿、继发性青光眼或其他不良结果。其中难治性青光眼是上皮内生后眼球摘除的主要原因，因此提高对本病的认识并严加防范至关重要。本文回顾分析1例上皮内生性青光眼患者的临床资料和病理切片，结合文献讨论本病的危险因素、发病机制及防范措施。

Epithelial downgrowth is a rare yet serious complication after ocular trauma or anteriorsegmental surgery. It can lead to decompensation of corneal endothelium, secondary glaucoma or other serious complications, among which refractory glaucoma is the main cause of enucleation. It is vital to raise the awareness of this disease and take strict precautions against it. We present a case of epithelial downgrowth and discuss the risk factors, pathogenesis and preventive measures of the disease through analyzing clinical data and pathological sections.

眼球表面鳞状细胞性肿瘤是比较常见的眼表肿瘤，包括鳞状细胞乳头状瘤、日光性角化病、结膜上皮内瘤变和鳞状细胞癌。深入了解这些病变的临床和病理学特点，有利于提高临床诊断的正确性。本文对眼球表面鳞状细胞性肿瘤的类型、临床表现和病理学特点进行阐述，以期对临床诊治提供参考。

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the most common tumor of the ocular surface, including squamous cell papilloma, actinic keratosis, conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. The extended understanding of clinicopathological features could help improve clinical accurate diagnosis of these lesions. This article reviews the classification, clinical features and pathological characteristics of OSSN to provide the reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

眼科病理学是系统组织病理学的重要分支，作为基础医学与临床医学之间的桥梁和纽带，对于深入认识和揭示眼部疾病的发病特点发挥着重要作用。眼科病理学在老一辈专家们的努力下奠定了坚实的基础。目前眼科病理学学科的发展随着眼科临床技术以及系统病理学的发展在不断的前进，细胞生物学及分子生物学的全方位结合和纵深应用带动并拓展了眼科病理学的研究领域，临床病理学及实验病理学的研究不断更新，新形势下眼科病理学的发展充满着机遇和挑战。

Ophthalmic pathology is an important branch of histopathology. As a bridge and link between basic medicine and clinical medicine, ophthalmic pathology plays an important role in understanding and revealing the characteristics of ocular diseases. The previous generations have laid a solid foundation for ophthalmic pathology with their hard work. Moreover, the advancement of ophthalmic clinical technology and systematic pathology in recent years have further facilitated the development of ophthalmic pathology. The comprehensive combination and in-depth application of cell biology and molecular biology have promoted and expanded the research field of ophthalmic pathology. In addition, new progress has been witnessed in the field of clinical pathology and experimental pathology constantly. Under the new situation, the development of ophthalmic pathology is faced with both opportunities and challenges.

目的：探讨赋能教育模式在干眼患者健康教育中的应用价值。方法：选取2017年6月至12月期间首诊于南方医科大学珠江医院眼科的干眼患者，按照完全随机分配法分为试验组(n=73)及对照组(n=73)，试验组采用赋能教育模式，对照组采用传统健康教育方式。经治疗1周、1个月、2个月及6个月后，分别随访并记录每组患者的眼表疾病指数(ocular surface disease index，OSDI)、泪膜破裂时间值(tear film break up time，BUT)，同时记录患者家庭护理(清洁睑缘、热敷、睑板腺按摩)频率以及复诊频率。结果：赋能教育组家庭护理频率及复诊频率均优于传统教育组(P<0.05)。治疗前两组OSDI和BUT差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)，但试验组OSDI随时间的推移呈下降趋势，BUT值呈上升趋势；而对照组OSDI以及BUT值的变化均不明显。结论：运用赋能教育模式有助于提高干眼患者治疗的依从性，提高患者的家庭护理频率和复诊频率，显著改善患者的眼表情况，进而提高长期治疗效果。

Objective: To evaluate the application value of empowerment education mode in health education for patients with dry eye syndrome. Methods: Patients with dry eye syndrome were recruited from Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from June 2017 to December 2017. All patients were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=73), educated with empowerment education mode, and control group (n=73), treated with traditional health education. Patients were followed up after 1 week, 1 month, 2 months and 6 months, respectively. Data were collected in each follow-up visit including ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear film break up time (BUT), the frequency of home care (cleaning eyelid margin, hot compress, palpebral gland massage) and re-visit frequency. Results: The OSDI and BUT were similar between two groups before corresponding treatment (P>0.05). After the treatment, patients in the experimental group showed a downtrend in the OSDI and uptrend in the BUT. No significant changes were found in the control group during the follow-up. The frequency of family nursing and re-visit in the experimental group was statistically higher than that in the control group. Conclusion: The application of empowering education mode can improve the compliance of dry eye patients, improve the frequency of home care and follow-up visit, and mitigate the ocular surface of patients, thereby enhancing the long-term efficacy.