Macular hemorrhage (MH) is one of the most severe complications of high myopia, posing a significant threat to vision. MH can occur with or without choroidal neovascularization (CNV), with the CNV-associated form being the most prevalent. CNV-related MH may develop secondary to conditions such as pathological myopia, and punctate inner choroidopathy. Conversely, MH without CNV is often linked to factors like lacquer cracks, trauma, ocular surgery. While the exact mechanisms of CNV in high myopia are still not fully understood, anti-VEGF injections have been shown to be effective in improving visual function in patients with CNV. This review summarizes the clinical characteristics of various causes of MH and their respective treatments, providing valuable insights to help clinicians make informed diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.
