Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental vision disorder resulting from abnormal visual input during the critical period of visual development, such as strabismus, uncorrected anisometropia, high refractive errors, and form deprivation. It is frequently associated with reduced visual acuity and deficits in binocular vision. Traditional occlusion therapy for amblyopia has typically been restricted to infants and young children during the critical period of visual development, as it is believed to be ineffective for older children and adults due to the decreased plasticity of the mature brain. Our research group has concentrated on pivotal scientific issues in amblyopia, including quantitative methods for detecting binocular vision, especially interocular visual suppression, the mechanisms underlying binocular vision impairment in amblyopia,treatment methods and their evaluations for amblyopia, and visual plasticity and its neural mechanismsin amblyopia. This paper summarizes the visual mechanisms and treatment modalitiesof amblyopia based on our research and both domestic and foreign sources, while also looking forward to the future development of this field in light of existing problems.
