目的：探讨提高眼科喉罩全身麻醉患儿在麻醉恢复室(post-anesthesia care unit, PACU)复苏质量与效率的整体护理策略。方法：选取2020年1月—2023年12月在中山大学中山眼科中心行眼科全身麻醉并保留喉罩进入PACU复苏的24 180例患儿，总结患儿在PACU复苏的护理措施及复苏质量。结果：所有患儿经复苏期综合护理后均顺利拔除喉罩完成麻醉复苏，未发生苏醒期二次插管或非计划转院治疗。采取个性化的整体护理策略后，喉罩全身麻醉患儿PACU平均复苏时间明显缩短。部分术后常见并发症(术后躁动，低氧血症和呼吸道梗阻)和护理不良事件(留置针脱落和眼包脱落)发生率逐年降低，经治疗和护理后均获得改善。结论：针对眼科全身麻醉的患儿特点，在麻醉复苏期采取个性化的整体护理策略，有利于顺利完成麻醉复苏，降低麻醉并发症和护理不良事件的发生率，提高复苏质量效率，满足眼科日间手术快速康复的需求。
Objective: To explore holistic nursing strategies to improve the quality and efficiency of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) resuscitation in childrenpatients undergoing ophthalmic laryngeal mask anesthesia. Methods: A total of 24,180 children patients who underwent general anesthesia and retained laryngeal mask airway for PACU resuscitation at Sun Yat-sen Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat sen University from January 2020 to December 2023 was reviewed and summarized the nursing measures and resuscitation quality of children patients undergoing PACU resuscitation. Results: All patients underwent comprehensive care during the recovery period and successfully removed the laryngeal mask to complete anesthesia recovery. There were no cases of secondary intubation or unplanned transfer for treatment during the recovery period. After adopting personalized holistic nursing strategies, the average recovery time of PACU in children under laryngeal mask anesthesia was significantly shortened.The incidence of common postoperative complications(postoperative agitation, hypoxemia and respiratory obstruction)and adverse nursing events (indwelling needle falls off, eye bandage fall off)had been decreasing year by year. These complications had been improved after treatment and care. Conclusions: Based on the characteristics of children patients undergoing general anesthesia in ophthalmology, adopting personalized holistic nursing strategies during the anesthesia recovery period is beneficial for successfully completing anesthesia recovery, reducing the incidence of anesthesia complications and adverse nursing events, improving the quality and efficiency of recovery, and meeting the needs of rapid recovery in ophthalmic day surgery.
高度近视(high myopia，HM)作为一种特殊类型的屈光型眼病，不仅会导致进行性、退行性眼底改变，其视神经损伤的患病率也很高。青光眼是全球范围内最常见的一种不可逆致盲性眼病，原发性开角型青光眼(primary open-angle glaucoma，POAG)是最常见的青光眼类型。近年来的研究发现HM与POAG的病理改变存在相似之处。由于HM眼底改变与早期POAG眼底改变容易混淆，HM患者早期发现POAG对延缓或阻止疾病进展很重要。HM患者长期随访不仅要观察黄斑病变，视神经形态与结构改变的观察也不容忽视。
As a special type of refractive eye disease, high myopia (HM) not only causes progressive and degenerative fundus changes, but also has a high prevalence of optic nerve damage. Glaucoma is the most common form of irreversible blinding eye diseases worldwide, among which, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type. In recent studies, HM is found to have similarities on pathological changes as that of POAG. And HM fundus changes are easily confused with early stage POAG fundus changes; thus, the early detection of POAG on HM patients is highly important on disease deferment or prevention of disease progression. Macular degeneration as well as optic nerve morphology and structural changes are to be observed in the long-term follow-up for HM patients.
近年来，热疗因其操作简便和显著疗效，在干眼及相关眼病治疗中受到关注。热疗通过加热睑板腺区域，软化睑脂，改善睑板腺导管通畅，广泛应用于睑板腺囊肿、睑腺炎、睑缘炎及睑板腺功能障碍等眼病。此外，热疗还有效缓解视疲劳和干眼不适，促进眼部创口愈合，减少感染风险。在中国古代，《黄帝内经》及《韩非子》早期记载了热疗技术的应用。西汉《淮南子》提到烧灼法用于眼病，东晋葛洪的《肘后备急方》描述了热敷治疗眼部不适的方法。隋唐时期的《备急千金要方》和《外台秘要》详细介绍了热疗的应用，宋代《圣济总录》和《龙树菩萨眼论》进一步精细化了热疗技术。明清时期的《普济方》和《目经大成》中记载了热疗的新进展。由此，古代热疗在眼科应用中积累了丰富的经验，尽管现代医学技术不断进步，但这些传统方法仍具有重要参考价值。
In recent years, heat therapy has gained attention for its simplicity and significant efficacy in treating dry eye and related ocular conditions. By heating the meibomian gland area, heat therapy softens meibomian secretions and improves gland duct patency, making it widely used for chalazion, hordeolum, blepharitis, and meibomian gland dysfunction. Additionally, it effectively alleviates visual fatigue and dry eye discomfort, promotes ocular healing, and reduces the risk of infection.In ancient China, the application of heat therapy was recorded early in texts such as the Huangdi Neijing and Han Feizi. The Huainanzi from the Western Han Dynasty mentions the use of cautery for eye diseases, while Zhouhou Beiji Fang by Ge Hong in the Eastern Jin Dynasty describes methods for treating eye discomfort with hot compresses. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Beiji Qianjin Yaofang and Wai Tai Mi Yao provided detailed accounts of heat therapy applications. The Song Dynasty works *Shengji Zonglu* and Longshu Bodhisattva's Eye Treatise further refined the techniques. The Ming and Qing dynasties’ texts Pujifang and Mujing Dacheng documented new advancements in heat therapy.In summary, ancient heat therapy for ophthalmology accumulated substantial experience. Despite advances in modern medical technology, these traditional methods still hold significant reference value.
临床上内源性真菌性眼内炎比较少见，其早期临床表现因类似于葡萄膜炎等常见眼病常常被误诊。武汉爱尔眼科医院汉口医院收治了1例49岁女性患者，首诊为葡萄膜炎，后前房穿刺送检确诊为内源性念珠菌性眼内炎。
Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis is easy to be misdiagnosed because it is quite rare and early clinical features resembling uveitis. A 48-year-old female patient was admitted to Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital Hankou Hospital, her first diagnosis was uveitis, and the posterior anterior chamber puncture was confirmed as endogenous Candida endophthalmitis.
