目的：检测 2 型糖尿病患者眼房水中血管内皮生长因子（Vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF）和白细胞介素-6（Interleukin-6, IL-6）的含量，并探讨其临床意义

方法：在白内障手术过程中获取 66 例 2 型糖尿病患者的房水，采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法测定 VEGF 和 IL-6 的含量。根据手术后散瞳眼底检查和眼底荧光素血管造影检查确定糖尿病视网膜病变的分期。实验组分为：无糖尿病视网膜病变组（NDR）21 例、单纯型糖尿病性视网膜病变组（BDR）26 例、增生型糖尿病性视网膜病变组（PDR）19 例，正常对照组为健康的老年性白内障患者 20 例。

结果：NDR 组、BDR 组、PDR 组的房水 VEGF 含量分别为（240.30 ± 26.15）pg/ml、（292.27 ± 58.91）pg/ml、（477.41 ± 91.01）pg/ml，IL-6 含量分别为（160.83 ± 33.41）pg/ml、（238.60 ± 62.23）pg/ml、（389.13 ± 90.35）pg/ml，对照组房水 VEGF 含量为（140.58 ± 26.27）pg/ml、IL-6 含量为（82.72 ± 21.53）pg/ml，对照组与实验组比较差异均有统计学意义（F = 113.67，P < 0.01；F = 106.53，P < 0.01）。实验组房水中的 VEGF 与 IL-6 含量有相关性（r = 0.995，P < 0.01）；糖尿病患者的病程与房水中 VEGF（r = 0.792，0.826，0.841 均 P < 0.01）、IL-6（r = 0.829，0.817，0.896 均 P < 0.01）含量有相关性。

结论：VEGF、IL-6 在糖尿病视网膜病变的形成过程中有重要作用，且两者之间有相关性。

Purpose: To explore the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the aqueous humor in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: Aqueous humor samples were collected in type 2 diabetic patients during cataract surgery. The classification of DR was assigned based on the fundus examination and fluorescein angiography after cataract surgery. The experiment group included non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR, 21 cases), background diabetic retinopathy (BDR, 26 cases), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, 19 cases). The control group was the healthy cataract patients (20 cases). The levels of VEGF and IL-6 in the aqueous humor were assessed using the ELISA technique.

Results: The level of VEGF in NDR, BDR, and PDR cases were (240.30 ± 26.15) pg/ml, (292.27 ± 58.91) pg/ml, and (477.41 ± 91.01) pg/ml, respectively. The level of IL-6 in NDR, BDR, and PDR cases were (160.83 ± 33.41) pg/ml, (238.60 ± 62.23) pg/ml, and (389.13 ± 90.35) pg/ml, respectively. The levels of VEGF and IL-6 in the aqueous humor from the control group were (140.58 ± 26.27) pg/ml, (82.72 ± 21.53) pg/ml. The levels of VEGF and IL-6 were significantly different in experiment and control groups (F = 113.67, P < 0.01; F = 106.53, P < 0.01). In the aqueous humor of diabetic patients increased significantly (P < 0.1). The levels of VEGF and IL-6 were significantly correlated with each other in the experiment group (r = 0.995, P < 0.01). The levels of VEGF (r = 0.792, 0.826, 0.841, P < 0.01) and IL-6 ((r = 0.829, 0.817, 0.896, P < 0.01) were also significantly correlated with the duration of DR.

Conclusion: VEGF and IL-6 play important roles in the development of DR. The levels of these two factors are correlated with each other in DR patients. 

目的：研究基质金属蛋白酶-2（Matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-2）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（Matrix metalloproteinase-9, MMP-9）和血管内皮生长因子（Vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF）在视网膜母细胞瘤（Retinoblastoma, RB）中的表达及其与 RB 分化程度和视神经浸润的关系，探讨它们在 RB 浸润、转移过程中的作用和临床意义。

方法：采用免疫组化方法检测 40 例 RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的表达。

结果：40 例 RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的阳性表达率分别为 52.5%、57.5% 和 72.5%。未分化型 RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的阳性表达均高于分化型（P < 0.05）；有视神经浸润的 RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的阳性水平均高于无视神经浸润的 RB（P < 0.05）。RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的表达呈正相关关系（P < 0.05）。

结论：RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 高表达与 RB 的浸润和转移相关，且 MMP-2、MMP-9 表达与 VEGF 表达存在相关性。联合检测 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的表达可作为反映 RB 浸润、转移潜能的生物学指标，有助于筛选转移高危病例及评价患者预后。

Purpose: To study the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in retinoblastoma (RB) and its relationship with the differentiation and optic nerve infiltration of RB. And to investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and VEGF in the infiltration and metastasis of RB and their clinical significance.

Methods: Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the protein expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF in 40 RB cases.

Results: The MMP-2, MMP-9 protein and VEGF protein expression were detected as positive in 52.5%, 57.5% and 72.5% of 40 RB cases respectively. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF was significantly higher in the undifferentiated pattern than in the rosetted pattern (p < 0.05); and the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF was significantly higher in tumors with optic nerve invasion than in those without optic nerve invasion (p < 0.05). In RB, the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 had a positive correlation with the expression of VEGF.

Conclusions: In RB, high expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF is related to the invasion and metastasis of RB. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 is positively correlated with the expression of VEGF. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF may act as a biological marker for the invasion and metastasis of RB. The method may help screen and identify the cases with high risk for metastasis and to predict the prognosis of patients. 

目的：探讨急救护理技能规范化培训考核在眼科护士中的应用效果。方法：对暨南大学附属深圳眼科医院142名眼科护士实施急救护理技能的规范化培训考核，比较培训前后急救理论考核成绩及急救技能操作考核成绩的差异，并采用自制调查问卷进行培训评价的调查。结果：在实施急救护理技能规范化培训后，眼科护士的急救理论与技能操作考核成绩均高于培训前，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；90%以上的眼科护士对急救培训持肯定意见。结论：急救护理技能规范化培训考核提高了眼科护士的临床急救护理水平，培养了良好的急救护理意识和团队协作精神，同时增加了护士的自我价值及职业认同感，获得了较好的培训效果。

Objective: To explore the application effect of standardized training and assessment of emergency nursing skills in ophthalmology nurses. Methods: We implemented standardized training and assessment of emergency nursing skills for 142 ophthalmology nurses in our hospital, compared the difference between the first aid theory and the first aid skill operation before and after the training, and used a self-made questionnaire to conduct training evaluation surveys. Results: After implementing the standardized training of emergency nursing skills, the assessment scores of first aid theory and skill operation of ophthalmology nurses were higher than those of the pre-training assessment. And the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). More than 90% of ophthalmology nurses had a positive opinion on first aid training. Conclusion: Standardized training and assessment of emergency nursing skills have improved the clinical emergency nursing level of ophthalmology nurses and cultivated a good emergency nursing awareness and teamwork spirit. At the same time, they have strengthened nurses’ self-worth and professional identity, and achieved better training results.

目的：建立眼科专科护理门诊及探讨其实施效果。方法：调查2020年7月开展眼科护理门诊以来至2022年3月就诊的206例患者满意度和健康知识知晓率，并由医生、护士对眼科专科护理门诊的实践效果进行评价。结果：206例患者满意度较好，总分在90以上；眼科专科护理门诊针对患者问题提供个体化护理服务，进行眼部检查206人次，健康教育206人次，滴眼药水、涂眼药膏操作示范184人次，术后特殊体位指导38人次，滤过泡按摩26人次，为患者提供了多元化护理服务；同行评价显示眼科护理门诊体现了护士的专业价值；患者就诊后的健康知识知晓率明显高于就诊前，差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论：眼科专科护理门诊的开设满足了患者多元化护理服务需求，提高了患者满意度和健康知识知晓率，提升了护士的自我价值感，为专科护士提供了职业发展平台，促进了眼科专科护理的发展。

Objective: To explore the establishment and effect of ophthalmology specialist nursing clinic. Methods: To Investigate the satisfaction and the awareness rate of health knowledge of 206 patients who visited ophthalmology specialist nursing clinic from July 2020 to March 2022. Doctors and nurses were investigated for evaluation of the clinic. Results: A total of 206 patients were satisfied with a total score of 90 points or more; the ophthalmology specialist nursing clinic provided individualized nursing services for patients’ problems, conducted 206 eye examinations and 206 health education, and demonstrated the operation of eye drops and eye ointment 184 times. 38 patients received post-operative special posture guidance and 26 patients received filter bubble massages. The clinic provided patients with diversified nursing services. Peer reviews showed that the ophthalmological care clinic reflects the professional value of nurses; the awareness rate of health knowledge after the patient’s visit was significantly higher than that before the visit, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: The establishment of ophthalmology specialist nursing clinic meets patients for diversified nursing services, improves patients’ satisfaction and health knowledge awareness rate, and improves nurses’ sense of self-worth. Furthermore, it provides a career development platform for specialist nurses and promotes the development of ophthalmic specialist nursing.

目的：探讨急救护理技能规范化培训考核在眼科护士中的应用效果。方法：对暨南大学附属深圳眼科医院142名眼科护士实施急救护理技能的规范化培训考核，比较培训前后急救理论考核成绩及急救技能操作考核成绩的差异，并采用自制调查问卷进行培训评价的调查。结果：在实施急救护理技能规范化培训后，眼科护士的急救理论与技能操作考核成绩均高于培训前，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；90%以上的眼科护士对急救培训持肯定意见。结论：急救护理技能规范化培训考核提高了眼科护士的临床急救护理水平，培养了良好的急救护理意识和团队协作精神，同时增加了护士的自我价值及职业认同感，获得了较好的培训效果。

Objective: To explore the application effect of standardized training and assessment of emergency nursing skills in ophthalmology nurses. Methods: We implemented standardized training and assessment of emergency nursing skills for 142 ophthalmology nurses in our hospital, compared the difference between the first aid theory and the first aid skill operation before and after the training, and used a self-made questionnaire to conduct training evaluation surveys. Results: After implementing the standardized training of emergency nursing skills, the assessment scores of first aid theory and skill operation of ophthalmology nurses were higher than those of the pre-training assessment. And the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). More than 90% of ophthalmology nurses had a positive opinion on first aid training. Conclusion: Standardized training and assessment of emergency nursing skills have improved the clinical emergency nursing level of ophthalmology nurses and cultivated a good emergency nursing awareness and teamwork spirit. At the same time, they have strengthened nurses’ self-worth and professional identity, and achieved better training results.