目的：了解新疆喀什地区英吉沙县7~16岁儿童青少年弱视患病情况及其相关因素，为制定科学有效的眼健康防控策略提供依据。方法：选取新疆喀什地区英吉沙县3 261名在校儿童青少年，对其进行裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、屈光度、眼位和眼底情况等检查，并通过问卷调查收集其基本人口学信息、近视家族史、用眼情况和睡眠情况，采用Logistic回归分析7~16岁儿童青少年弱视患病的相关因素。结果：英吉沙县儿童青少年弱视的患病率为1.99%（95%·CI: 1.51~2.47）。弱视患病率在学生类型、性别、近视家族史、主观睡眠质量、每天写作业时间、每天睡眠时间等方面比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），在斜视、近视、远视、屈光参差、每天使用电子产品时间等方面比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素回归分析结果显示，斜视、远视、屈光参差及每天使用电子产品时间与弱视相关，对应的OR值相应为3.82（95%CI: 1.93~7.58，P＜0.001）、10.88（95%CI: 4.85~24.40，P＜0.001）、13.54（95%CI:6.84~26.78，P＜0.001）和0.25（95%CI: 0.12~0.54, P＜0.001），合并斜视、远视或屈光参差的儿童青少年患弱视的风险增加。每天使用电子产品时间＞60 min的儿童青少年患弱视风险较使用时间≤60 min降低。弱视类型以屈光不正性弱视和屈光参差性弱视为主。结论：在新疆喀什地区英吉沙县7~16岁儿童青少年人群中，屈光不正和屈光参差是弱视患病的主要原因。斜视、远视、屈光参差、每天使用电子产品时间是弱视的影响因素。

Objective: To conduct a comprehensive investigation into the prevalence of amblyopia and its influencing factors among children and adolescents aged 7-16 in Yingjisha County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang. The ojective is to furnish a solid basis for formulating scientific and effective eye health prevention and control strategies. Methods: A total of 3,261 school-aged children and adolescents in Yingjisha County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, were selected for this study. The examinations included uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, refractive error, ocular alignment, and fundus condition. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic information, family history of myopia, daily eye-use habits, and sleep status. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software, and logistic regression was employed to explore factors associated with amblyopia in children and adolescents aged 7-16. Results: The study revealed that the prevalence of amblyopia among children and adolescents in Yingjisha County was 1.99% （95% CI: 1.51-2.47）. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the prevalence of amblyopia across student type, sex, family history of myopia, subjective sleep quality, daily homework duration, or daily sleep duration. However, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in cases involving strabismus, myopia, hyperopia, anisometropia, and daily screen time. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that strabismus (OR = 3.82, 95% CI: 1.93-7.58, P < 0.001), hyperopia (OR = 10.88, 95% CI: 4.85-24.40, P < 0.001), and anisometropia (OR = 13.54, 95% CI: 6.84–26.78, P < 0.001) were positively correlated with amblyopia. Conversely, children and adolescents who used electronic devices for >60 minutes per day had a lower risk of amblyopia (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.12-0.54, P < 0.001) compared to those with ≤60 minutes or less of daily screen time. The most common type of amblyopia was mixed amblyopia （60.00%）, followed by anisometropic amblyopia （23.08%）, refractive amblyopia （12.31%）, and strabismic amblyopia （4.62%）. Among mixed amblyopia cases, the combination of refractive amblyopia and anisometropic amblyopia was the predominant pattern （64.10%）. Conclusions: Refractive errors and anisometropia are the main causes of amblyopia. Strabismus, myopia, hyperopia, anisometropia and the duration of electronic device use are identified as influencing factors for amblyopia.

目的：调查新疆英吉沙县7~16岁儿童和青少年近视前期 ( 屈光度≤+0.75 D且>-0.50 D)患病率及其相关因素,为该地区近视防控提供依据。方法：在2024年5—6月采用简单抽样法选取新疆喀什地区英吉沙县一所中学和芒辛镇一所小学的学生进行问卷调查、视力、散瞳验光、眼轴、眼前段、眼底检查等横断面评估，分析纳入等效球镜(spherical equivalent，SE)度数较高眼的数据，采用单因素和多因素逻辑回归分析人口学特征、家族史、用眼行为、生活习惯等潜在相关因素与近视前期的关系。结果：共纳入3 247名参与者，男性占50.14%，女性占49.86%。近视前期1 652人(50.88%)，近视621人(19.12%)，非近视974人(30.00%)。近视前期患病率50.88%(95%CI:49.16%~52.60%)，近视患病率为19.12%(95%CI:17.81%~20.51%)。多因素回归分析显示，女性(OR=2.56, 95%CI:2.09~3.13, P<0.001)、较大年龄(OR=1.19, 95%CI:1.13~1.24 , P<0.001)和较长眼轴(OR=2.68, 95%CI: 2.31~3.11 , P<0.001)是近视前期的相关因素。结论：在新疆喀什地区英吉沙县7~16岁儿童和青少年中，半数处于近视前期，其相关因素包括年龄偏大、女性及眼轴偏长。

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of pre-myopia (defined as spherical equivalent ≤+0.75 D and >−0.50 D) and its related factors among children and adolescents aged 6–16 years in Yengisar County, Xinjiang, China, providing evidence for regional myopia prevention. Methods: In May and June 2024, a comprehensive assessment was carried out on students selected through simple sampling from a middle school in Yingjisha County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, and a primary school in Mangxin Town, Yingjisha County. ,The assessment included a questionnaire survey, visual acuity test, dilated eye refraction measurement, axial length measurement, anterior segment examination, and fundus examination. The data included eyes with high spherical equivalent (SE) power. Single-factor and multiple-factor logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics, family history, eye-use behavior, lifestyle habits, and other potential related factors with pre myopia. Results: A total of 3,247 participants were included in the study, with 50.14% being male and 49.86% female. Among them, 1,652 (50.88%) individuals had preclinical myopia, 621 (19.12%) had myopia, and 974 (30.00%) had non myopia. The preclinical prevalence of myopia was 50.88% (95% CI: 49.16-52.60), and the prevalence of myopia was 19.12% (95% CI: 17.81-20.51). Multivariate regression analysis showed that female (OR=2.56, 95% CI: 2.09-3.13, P<0.001), older age (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.13-1.24, P<0.001), and longer axial length (OR=2.68, 95% CI: 2.31-3.11, P<0.001) were related factors in the preclinical stage of myopia. Conclusions: Among children and adolescents aged 7-16 in Yingjisha County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, Half were in the preclinical stageof myopia. The related factors include older age, female gender, and axial length.

眼科研究型医院是推动医学创新与成果转化的核心平台。其中，专职临床研究护士（clinical research nurse，CRN）在提升临床研究的规范性及整体质量方面发挥着不可或缺的作用。然而，当前国内尚缺乏针对眼科领域CRN管理模式的系统总结和实践指导，制约了该群体专业价值的充分发挥和制度化建设的推进。本研究以中山大学中山眼科中心（三级甲等眼科研究型医院）2013—2024年间的CRN管理实践为样本，系统梳理其管理体系的构建路径与实施成效。研究发现，通过构建“准入-培训-双轨管理”体系和实践模式，能够显著提升CRN队伍的专业能力和研究项目的整体质量。机构质控数据显示，配备CRN后的研究项目质量评分由（67.5±17.2）分显著提升至（99.3±1.0）分（P<0.001），证实了该体系的有效性和可行性。研究结果还为我国眼科临床研究护理专业化发展提供了可复制的实践模板，还进一步分析提炼出CRN的三项核心职能：一是项目管理中的流程优化，保障研究环节高效协同；二是参与者管理，强化对参与者权益的保护；三是数据质量控制，确保研究数据的准确性与完整性。在此基础上，针对当前CRN发展中普遍存在的职责不清、培训缺失、政策滞后等问题，本文还提出推动“层级化培训常态化”“政策规范细则化”等优化建议，助力我国眼科临床研究由“经验驱动”向“体系驱动”转型，为临床研究护理专业化提供实践模板和决策参考。

Ophthalmic research hospitals serve as critical platforms for advancing medical innovation and translating research outcomes into practice. Dedicated Clinical Research Nurses (CRNs) play a pivotal role in enhancing the quality, compliance, and integrity of clinical research conducted within these settings. However, in China, there remains a lack of systematic models and practical guidance for CRN management specific to the field of ophthalmology, which has hindered the full realization of their professional value and the advancement of institutionalized development. This study examined CRN management practices at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, a Grade A tertiary ophthalmic research hospital, between 2013 and 2024 as a case example to systematically examine the development pathway and outcomes of its CRN management system. The findings demonstrate that the implementation of a standardized system encompassing entry qualifications, tiered training, and structured practice models significantly enhanced both the professional competency of CRNs and the overall quality of clinical research projects. According to institutional quality control data, the quality score of clinical research projects increased significantly from 67.5±17.2 to 99.3±1.0 (P<0.001) following the integration of CRNs. Moreover, the study identifies three core functional domains of CRNs: (1) optimizing research processes to improve project coordination and efficiency; (2) managing research participants to safeguard ethical compliance and rights protection; and (3) ensuring data quality and integrity through rigorous oversight. In response to persistent challenges such as unclear role definitions, insufficient training systems, and lagging policy support, the study proposes actionable strategies, including the institutionalization of hierarchical and continuous training as well as the refinement of policy frameworks. These findings provide a scalable and evidence-based reference for promoting the professionalization and systemic development of ophthalmic clinical research nursing in China.

目的：规范感染性角膜炎的隔离管理。方法：回顾性分析感染性角膜炎患者在住院期间发生交叉感染的危险因素，探讨现行的隔离管理措施是否有效。结果：隔离管理到位，5年的院感发生率为0.08%。结论：规范感染性角膜炎的隔离管理，能有效地预防医院感染。

Objective: To standardized the isolation and management of infectious keratitis. Methods: Risk factors of cross-infection of patients with infectious keratitis during their hospitalization were retrospectively reviewed to investigate whether the current isolation management is effective. Results: The current isolation management is effective since the incidence of hospital infection was 0.08% in past 5 years. Conclusion: Standardized the isolation management of infectious keratitis can prevent hospital infection efficaciously. 

目的：探讨完善泪道成形+义管植入日间手术患者的延续性护理对预防义管意外脱管的重要作用。方法：收集我科2016年1月至12月实施了标准延续性护理的泪道成形+义管植入日间手术患者的意外脱管情况。结果：泪道成形+义管植入日间手术患者随访期间没有发生医源性脱管，有9例9眼带管期间在院外发生脱管，意外脱管率为2.6%。结论：做好泪道成形+义管植入日间手术患者的延续性护理，有效降低义管意外脱出率，有利于患者康复。

Objective: To explore the important role of continuous nursing of the patients with day surgery of lacrimal duct forming combined tube implantation in the aspect of accident prevention to take off the tube. Methods: The information of the patients from Jan. to Dec. 2016 with accident the tube’s takeoff after carrying out the standard continuity of care were collected. Results: There was no iatrogenic but 9 eyes of 9 patients accidentally take off the tube during follow-up period. Accidental decannulation rate was 2.6%. Conclusion: Continuous care of the patients with day surgery of lacrimal duct forming combined tube implantation can effectively reduce the tube accidentally removal rate and be beneficial to patients’ recovery.

目的：探讨与甲状腺相关眼病患者的生活质量，为做好个体化的护理提供理论依据。方法：采用甲状腺相关眼病的生活质量调查问卷进行调查，用R语言进行数据分析。结果：年龄与视功能评分成负相关(P<0.001，r=–0.504)，与社会心理评分成正相关(P=0.002，r=0.327)。文化程度与视功能评分成正相关(P<0.001，r=0.391)，与社会心理评分无相关关系(P=0.749)。不同症状的视功能评分之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论：通过甲状腺相关眼病的生活质量调查问卷可知，年龄越大，视功能越差，不同症状的患者视功能情况不同，要关注年龄大、复视、视力差患者的安全；在护理上，要做好患者及其有甲状腺功能亢进史家属的健康宣教，尤其关注女性患者的社会心理状况。

Objective: To explore the factors related to the quality of life of patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy, and to provide theoretical basis for individual nursing. Methods: The quality of life questionnaire of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy was used to investigate, and the data were analyzed by R language. Results: There was a negative correlation between age and visual function score (P<0.001, r=-0.504), and positively correlated with social psychological score (P=0.002, r=0.327). There was a positive correlation between educational level and visual function score (P<0.001, r=0.391), and had no correlation with social psychological score (P=0.749). There were statistically significant differences in visual function scores among different symptoms (P<0.001).Conclusion: The quality of life of thyroid-related eye disease questionnaire showed that the older, the worse the visual function. Different symptoms of patients had different visual function. We should pay attention to the patients with older, diplopia and poor vision, do health education with the patients and family members with the history of hyperthyroidism as well, especially concern with the social and psychological status of female patients.

目的：减轻行角膜移植术的患儿及家属的心理负担，提高患儿对手术的耐受性，减少术后并发症。方法：对45例将进行角膜移植的患儿进行围手术期护理。结果：所有患儿经过精心的治疗和护理后均恢复良好，视力均有提高。结论：术前做好充足的准备、术前心理护理，术后严密观察生命体征和眼部敷料的情况，做好相关的生活和饮食指导，遵医嘱及时有效用药，注意患儿异常的反应及眼部的情况，及时发现并处理并发症，给予细致的出院指导，有利于患儿早日康复。

Objective: To reduce the psychological burden of the children and families who are scheduled to the corneal transplantation, and to improve the patients’ tolerance and reduce postoperative complications. Methods: The perioperative care was given to 45 patients with corneal transplantation. Results: All children were treated well by careful treatment and care. Conclusion: Before operation, comprehensive preparation and psychological nursing care should be delivered. Affer operation, the physicians and nurses should guide the patients to live a healthy lifestyle, remind them to take the drugs timely, identify the abnormal symptoms and postoperative complications in children with abnormal responses, implement effective treatment timely to accelerate postoperative recovery.

目的：了解八年制医学生对全程导师的教学需求与满意度。方法：将中山大学八年制临床医学生分为低年级、高年级两组，均进行匿名线上问卷调查。分析问卷结果，并比较两组间的不同。结果：回收问卷352份。学生对导师个人“比较满意”占比高(低年级45.56% vs 高年级37.79%，P=0.087)，对全程导师制度“比较满意”占比高(低年级 36.67% vs 高年级33.14%，P=0.806)。对全程导师制度“很了解”与“比较了解”的学生在低年级中明显低于高年级的占比(16.67% vs77.91%，P<0.001)。低年级学生期待全程导师在职业规划、临床思维、科研思维、心理健康发挥较大影响的占比均高于高年级的实际评估(构成比4个方面均P<0.001，选择“有很大影响”及“比较有影响”在低、高年级占比分别为83.33% vs 36.63%，92.22% vs 29.07%，91.67% vs 31.39%，62.78% vs 38.37%)。结论：学生对全程导师个人及制度均较满意，但存在低年级对该制度了解少、师生联系少、导师实际作用低于学生预期、科研训练机会不足等问题。亟需完善全程导师制，推动临床医学高水平人才的培养。

Objective: To evaluate the teaching needs and satisfaction of the eight-year program medical students to the whole-course tutors. Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire survey was conducted among the eight-year program medical students at Sun Yat-sen University. All students were divided the junior group and the senior group, and the differences between the two groups were compared. Results: A total of 352 valid questionnaires were collected. The proportion of students who were fairly satisfied with their whole-course tutors was 45.56% in  the junior group and 37.79% in the senior group (P=0.087). The proportion of students who were fairly satisfied with the whole-course tutorial system was 36.67% in the junior group and 33.14% in the senior group (P=0.806). The proportion of students who “know well” and “know fairly well” about the whole-course tutorial system in the junior group was significantly lower than that in the senior group (16.67% vs 77.91%, P<0.001). The proportion of students in the junior group expecting their whole-course tutors “having a great impact” or “having some impact” on career planning, clinical thinking, scientific research thinking and mental health was significantly higher than that in the senior group (tests for proportions, all P<0.001, 83.33% vs 36.63%, 92.22% vs 29.07%, 91.67% vs 31.39%, 62.78% vs 38.37%). Conclusion: The eight-year program medical students are satisfied with their whole-course tutors and the whole-course tutorial system. However, some problems still exist, such as lower grade students lack of understanding of the whole-course tutorial system, insufficient contact between tutors and students, the actual influences of tutors failing to meet the students’ expectation, and insufficient opportunity of scientific research and training. It is urgent to improve the whole-course tutorial system and promote the cultivation of qualified medical talents.

目的：了解八年制医学生对全程导师的教学需求与满意度。方法：将中山大学八年制临床医学生分为低年级、高年级两组，均进行匿名线上问卷调查。分析问卷结果，并比较两组间的不同。结果：回收问卷352份。学生对导师个人“比较满意”占比高(低年级45.56% vs 高年级37.79%，P=0.087)，对全程导师制度“比较满意”占比高(低年级 36.67% vs 高年级33.14%，P=0.806)。对全程导师制度“很了解”与“比较了解”的学生在低年级中明显低于高年级的占比(16.67% vs 77.91%，P<0.001)。低年级学生期待全程导师在职业规划、临床思维、科研思维、心理健康发挥较大影响的占比均高于高年级的实际评估(构成比4个方面均P<0.001，选择“有很大影响”及“比较有影响”在低、高年级占比分别为83.33% vs 36.63%，92.22% vs 29.07%，91.67% vs 31.39%，62.78% vs 38.37%)。结论：学生对全程导师个人及制度均较满意，但存在低年级对该制度了解少、师生联系少、导师实际作用低于学生预期、科研训练机会不足等问题。亟需完善全程导师制，推动临床医学高水平人才的培养。

Objective: To evaluate the teaching needs and satisfaction of the eight-year program medical students to the whole-course tutors. Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire survey was conducted among the eight-year program medical students at Sun Yat-sen University. All students were divided the junior group and the senior group, and the differences between the two groups were compared. Results: A total of 352 valid questionnaires were collected. The proportion of students who were fairly satisfied with their whole-course tutors was 45.56% in the junior group and 37.79% in the senior group (P=0.087). The proportion of students who were fairly satisfied with the whole-course tutorial system was 36.67% in the junior group and 33.14% in the senior group (P=0.806). The proportion of students who “know well” and “know fairly well” about the whole-course tutorial system in the junior group was significantly lower than that in the senior group (16.67% vs 77.91%, P<0.001). The proportion of students in the junior group expecting their whole-course tutors “having a great impact” or “having some impact” on career planning, clinical thinking, scientific research thinking and mental health was significantly higher than that in the senior group (tests for proportions, all P<0.001, 83.33% vs 36.63%, 92.22% vs 29.07%, 91.67% vs 31.39%, 62.78% vs 38.37%). Conclusion: The eight-year program medical students are satisfied with their whole-course tutors and the whole-course tutorial system. However, some problems still exist, such as lower grade students lack of understanding of the whole-course tutorial system, insufficient contact between tutors and students, the actual influences of tutors failing to meet the students’ expectation, and insufficient opportunity of scientific research and training. It is urgent to improve the whole-course tutorial system and promote the cultivation of qualified medical talents.