青光眼(glaucoma)是一组具有特征性视神经损害和视野缺损的眼病,在临床上常常表现为视力减退、眼部胀痛伴头痛等症状，是一种致盲率居第二位的不可逆性眼病。青光眼视神经损伤有一定 的遗传倾向，造成视神经凹陷性萎缩及视野不同程度缺损这两种结局的危险因素有多种,其中致盲的主要原因包括进行性视神经节损害、病理性眼压升高等。所以在青光眼的治疗中一方面要考虑降低眼压，另一方面还要保护好视神经。本文将从视神经损害的机制、影响因素、分级方法、视神经相关检测指标及其在临床上相关仪器应用、治疗等方面进行综述。

Glaucoma is an irreversible eye disease with the characteristic of optic nerve damage and visual ?eld defect, the clinical manifestation is behaved for vision loss, eye pain with symptoms such as headache, which rate of blindness ranks second place. The optic nerve injury of glaucoma has a certain genetic predisposition. There are many risk factors result in optic nerve atrophy and visual ?eld defect, one of the major causes of blindness including optic ganglion damage, pathological elevation of intraocular pressure. So on the one hand in the treatment of glaucoma should be considered to reduce intraocular pressure, on the other hand, to protect the optic nerve. This article will reviews the mechanism, influencing factors, classification methods, optic nerve related detection indexes and clinical application and treatment of optic nerve injury. 

青光眼是一种以视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cell, RGC)及其轴突的进行性变性和丢失为主要特征的眼病，是导致视力丧失的最常见原因。尽管其具体的发病机制尚未完全明确，但众所周知，眼内压升高是青光眼进展的主要危险因素。目前，通过药物和手术治疗降低眼内压是控制疾病进展的主要手段。他氟前列素因其能有效长期稳定地降低眼内压，且不良反应轻微、患者依从性高、无明显全身不良反应，已成为治疗原发性开角型青光眼及眼高压症的一线治疗药物。近年来的研究表明，他氟前列素除了具有降低眼内压的效果外，还可能具有神经保护作用。文章对他氟前列素的药理作用及其在神经保护方面的潜在效益进行综述，为开发更有效的治疗青光眼药物提供理论依据和科研基础。然而，目前缺乏充分的临床研究证据支持其神经保护效应，未来研究应进一步探索这一领域，以促进针对视神经保护的药物开发和基于视神经再生的视觉功能重建。

Glaucoma is characterized by the progressive degeneration and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and their axons,making it one of the most common causes of vision loss. Although the exact underlying mechanisms remain unclear, it is well known that elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for the progression of glaucoma. Currently, the primary means of controlling glaucoma involves reducing IOP through medication and surgery. Tafluprost, due to its effective and long-term ability to lower IOP, minimal side effects, high patient compliance, and absence of significant systemic side effects, has become the first-line treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Recent studies suggest that tafluprost may also have neuroprotective effects beyond its IOP-lowering effects. This article aims to review the pharmacological and potential neuroprotective effects of tafluprost, providing a theoretical basis and research foundation for developing more effective drugs for glaucoma treatment. However, there is still a lack of sufficient clinical evidence to support the neuroprotective effects of tafluprost, and further investigations are required to explore in this field to furnish critical theoretical backing for the development of drugs that target optic nerve protection and facilitate vision restoration through optic nerve regeneration.