视网膜微循环与脑小血管具有相似的特征。视网膜被认为是可检测到的“窗口”，以检测在神经退行性疾病中发生的微血管损伤。光学相干断层扫描血管造影(optical coherence tomography angiography，OCTA)是一种非侵入性成像方式，可提供视网膜、脉络膜和视神经中血流的深度分辨图像。现总结有关OCTA在与眼科相关的阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、多发性硬化症及视神经退行性疾病等神经系统疾病中的应用，并讨论其可否作为早期诊断和监测神经退行性疾病的重要工具。

Retinal microcirculation shares similar features with cerebral small blood vessels. Thus, the retina may be considered as an accessible ‘window’ to detect the microvascular damage occurred during the development and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive imaging modality providing in-depth and high-resolved images of blood flow in the retina, choroid, and optic nerve. In this review, we summarize the current advances in the application of OCT-A in neurological diseases associated with ophthalmology such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis and optic nerve degenerative diseases. Future directions for evaluating whether OCTA can be used as an important tool to early diagnose and monitor the neurodegenerative disorders are also discussed.

晚期糖尿病(diabetes mellitus，DM)患者常出现的糖尿病性视网膜病变能够被发现，而糖尿病性角膜病变(diabetic keratopathy，DK)却时常被人们忽略。近年来的许多研究表明，DK对角膜的结构、代谢、生理功能等多个方面均有重要影响。目前临床上尚无根治DK的有效疗法，现主流疗法多集中于对症治疗以维持光滑湿润的眼表，最大限度地减少视觉损失以及提高舒适度，如局部滴用人工泪液、使用角膜绷带镜及局部使用抗炎药物等，但这些现有的治疗方法对于角膜组织损伤的修复能力有限。近年来出现神经生长因子、胰岛素疗法等新兴的治疗方法，有望未来应用于临床。

The diabetic retinopathy which often occurs in patients with advanced diabetes mellitus (DM) can usually be realized, but diabetic keratopathy (DK) could sometimes be ignored. In recent years, many studies have found out that DK can cause significant abnormal changes in many ways, including structure, metabolism and physiological functions of the cornea. At present, there is no effective therapy to cure DK. The current mainstream therapy mostly focuses on symptomatic treatment to maintain a smooth and moist ocular surface, minimize visual loss and improve comfort, such as local drip of artificial tears, use of corneal bandage lens and local use of anti-inflammatory drugs. However, these existing treatment methods have limited repair ability for corneal tissue damage. In recent years, a number of new treatment methods have emerged, which are expected to be clinically used in the future, such as nerve growth factors and insulin therapy.