目的:探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(Basic fibroblast growthfacfor, bFCF)，表皮细胞生长因子(Epidermal growth factor, EGF)和神经细胞生长因子(Nerve growth factor, NGF)对体外培养的人角膜内皮细胞的生长调控作用。

方法:将相同数量的人角膜内皮细胞接种于96孔板。加人浓度分别为0 ng/ml、1 ng/ml、3 ng/ml、10 ng/ml、30 ng/ml、100 ng/ml的 EGF、bFGF 和 NGF 进行培养。5 天后 MTT法用检测增殖情况。
结果:在0 ng/ml、1 ng/ml、3 ng/ml、10 ng/ml、30 ng/ml、100 ng/ml 浓度下 bFGF 组的平均 OD 值分别为： 0.224±0.045、0.239±0.040、0.262±0.0342、0.278±0.0319、0.281±0.0324、0.260±0.0310 EGF组的平均 0D 值分别为: 0.228±0.0304、0.245±0.0418、0.267±0.0454、0.275±0.0347、0.271±0.0449、0.250±0.0253。NGF 组的平均 OD 值分别为：0.216±0.0187、0.228±0.0226、0.231±0.0225、0.242±0.0279、0.245±0.0294、0.247±0.0349。
结论:bFGF在 30 ng/ml范围内对内皮细胞生长有促进作用,并具有剂量依赖性。高于100 ng/ml时促生长作用降低。EGF在10 ng/ml范围内对内皮细胞生长有促进作用，并具有剂量依赖性。高于30 ng/ml 时促生长作用降低。NGF本次实验剂量范围内对角膜内皮细胞生长无明显作用。

Purpose: To investigate effect of bFGF, EGF and NGF on growth of cultured humancorneal endothelial cells.
Methods: Cultured human corneal endothelial cells were seeded into individual wellsof 96-well tissue culture plate with the same culture media containing separately bFCF, EGF or NGF with a serial of concentrations of 0 ng/ml、1 ng/ml 、3 ng/ml、10 ng/ml 、30 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml and then cultured for 5 days. Then MTT method wasused to detect the growth of the cells.
Results: The averaged OD values of the cell wells containing bFCF with a serial of concentrations of 0 ng/ml、1 ng/ml、3 ng/ml、10 ng/ml、30 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml were 0.224±0.045, 0.239±0.040, 0.262±0.0342, 0.278±0.0319, 0.281±0.0324, 0.260±0.0310. The averaged OD values of EGF group and NGF group were separately 0.228±0.0304，0.245±0.0418, 0.267±0.0454, 0.275±0.0347, 0.271±0.0449, 0.250±0.0253 and 0.216±0.0187, 0.228±0.0226, 0.231±0.0225, 0.242±0.0279, 0.245±0.0294，0.247±0.0349.
Conclusion: bGFC can promote the growth of human corneal endothelial cells in adose dependent manner while with concentration lower than 30 ng/ml. bFGF withconcentration that is higher than 100ng/ml will weaken this effect. EGF can alsopromote proliferation of human corneal endothelial cells demonstrating a linear dosedependent effect when its concentration is lower than 10 ng/ml and this effect decreasedwhen its concentration was higher than 30 ng/ml, NGF showed no effect on the growthof human cornea endothelial cells in this study.

目的：研究雌二醇(estradiol，E2)和丙酸睾酮(testosterone propionate，TP)对兔泪腺上皮细胞凋亡及对MMP-9蛋白表达的影响，探讨雌二醇及丙酸睾酮对干眼的作用机制。方法：体外培养兔泪腺上皮细胞，分别给予雌二醇及丙酸睾酮处理，双氧水(H₂O₂)诱导细胞凋亡，流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡和免疫细胞化学法检测细胞MMP-9蛋白表达。实验分4组：凋亡对照组(AC组)、雌二醇组(E2组)、丙酸睾酮组(TP组)和空白对照组(BC组)。AC组只给予H₂O₂诱导凋亡，E2组给予1×10^-5mol/L雌二醇处理，TP组给予丙酸睾酮处理，BC组未加药物干预及未加H2O2诱导凋亡。结果：经H₂O₂诱导细胞凋亡后，泪腺上皮细胞早期凋亡率和MMP-9蛋白表达累积光密度值与BC组相比，AC组、E2组及TP组均显著增加；同比AC组，E2组及TP组细胞凋亡率和MMP-9蛋白表达量降低；E2组凋亡率及蛋白表达量比TP组明显降低；其差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论：雌二醇和丙酸睾酮对H₂O₂诱导兔泪腺上皮细胞凋亡有一定的抑制作用，同时泪腺上皮细胞中MMP-9表达含量也降低，提示雌二醇和丙酸睾酮抑制兔泪腺上皮细胞凋亡的作用机制可能与MMP-9有关。

Objective: To investigate the effects of estradiol (E2) and testosterone propionate (TP) on apoptosis and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in rabbit lacrimal gland epithelial cells. Methods: The rabbit lacrimal gland epithelial cells were cultured in vitro. H₂O₂ was used to induce apoptosis in cultured lacrimal gland epithelial cells and then treated with E2 and TP respectively. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometer (FCM) and MMP-9 expression was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. There were four groups: apoptosis control group (AC), estradiol group (E2), testosterone propionate group (TP) and blank control group (BC) respectively. The cells of group AC were administrated with H₂O₂ only, group E2 and group TP with 1×10^_5 mol/L E2 and TP respectively and group BC in treated. Statistical analysis were performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA test)using SPSS 16.0, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Compared with group BC, the early cells apoptosis rate and integrated optical density of MMP-9 expression of lacrimal gland in group AC, E2 and TP increased significantly after the cells were induced by H₂O₂; Compared with group AC, group E2 and TP reduced; group E2 were significantly lower than group TP; the differences were all statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: E2 and TP had a certain inhibitory effect on rabbit lacrimal gland epithelial cells apoptosis induced by H₂O₂. Meanwhile, MMP-9 expression of the lacrimal gland cells was decreased. These results indicated that E2 and TP on the apoptosis inhibitory mechanism of lacrimal gland cells may be related with MMP-9. 

目的：分析有意愿接受准分子激光角膜屈光手术治疗近视的患者在术前检查后未行手术的原因。方法：选取2015年1月至2017年6月在安徽医科大学附属第一医院眼科激光中心检查的近视患者，分析其中未行激光手术的原因。结果：共2 875例患者准备接受准分子激光角膜屈光手术，其中821例(28.6%)检查后未进行手术，男462例(56.3%)，女359例(43.7%)，年龄18~51(23.69±5.85)岁。821例中社会心理因素影响484例(59.0%)，角膜薄或角膜厚度不足182例(22.2%)，超高度近视(>10.00 D)100例(12.2%)，高眼压19例(2.3%)，弱视13例(1.6%)，角膜曲率异常11例(1.3%)，眼底病变7例(0.9%)，角膜变性3例(0.4%)，其他2例(0.2%)。结论：近视治疗术前检查后未进行准分子激光角膜屈光手术的原因多种多样，其中社会心理因素及角膜厚度不足是最主要的原因。术前详细检查，严格掌握手术适应证和禁忌证以及充分医患沟通是手术安全的保障。

Objective: To analyze the reasons for not performing laser refractive keratomileusis surgery among refractive surgery candidates under regular preoperative examination. Methods: The patients with myopia examined in the Center of Ophthalmology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Laser between January 2015 and June 2017 were selected, the reasons for not performing laser refractive keraomileusis after regular preoperative examination were analyzed. Results: A total of 2 875 patients requested refractive surgery and 2 054 (71.4%) of them received refractive surgery. Among 821 (28.6%) patients who did not get laser refractive keratomileusis, 462 (56.3%) were male and 359 (43.7%) were female, aged 18–51 years (range, 23.69±5.85 years). The most common reason for not offering refractive surgery were social psychological factors (59.0%), low central corneal thickness (22.2%), high myopia (12.2%), high intraocular pressure (2.3%), poor corrected visual acuity (1.6%), corneal topography anomaly (1.3%), retinal disease (0.9%), corneal (0.4%) and other diseases (0.2%). Conclusion: Reasons for not performing refractive surgery are quite diverse. Social psychological factors and inadequate corneal thickness were the most common reasons in the present study. Careful preoperative examination, strictly mastering indications and contraindications and full doctor-patient communication should be done for the safety of surgery.

目的：探讨县级基层医院白内障患者术前焦虑情况，以便改善护理流程。方法：本研究为回顾性研究，收集河源光明眼科医院2017年1至9月2 182例行白内障复明手术患者的术前焦虑视觉模拟量表(The Anxiety Visual Analogue Scale，VAS-A)评分及阿姆斯特丹术前焦虑与信息需求表(Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale，APAIS)评分，采用t检验和Spearman相关性检验进行术前焦虑情况分析。结果：2 182例白内障手术患者VAS-A焦虑评分为4.74±1.93，APAIS焦虑评分为6.46±1.66，男性患者术前焦虑程度低于女性患者，患者术前焦虑程度与年龄呈低度负相关。结论：两种术前焦虑评分均能反映患者术前焦虑程度，可根据其对麻醉或手术信息需求度的不同选择相应的护理对策，以缓解患者术前焦虑，改善护理质量。

Objective: To investigate the preoperative anxiety in patients with cataract in a township hospital. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on preoperative anxiety of 2 182 patients with cataract according to the Anxiety Visual Analogue Scale (VAS-A) and Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) from Jan 1, 2017 to Sep 30, 2017 in Heyuan Guangming Eye Hospital. Student’s t-test and Spearman correlation were used to evaluate the preoperative anxiety. Results: The score of preoperative anxiety was 4.74±1.93 with the VAS-A and was 6.46±1.66 with the APAIS. The preoperative anxiety in male was lower than that in female, and the degree of the preoperative anxiety was negatively correlated with age. Conclusion:The preoperative anxiety of patients with cataract can be properly evaluated using either the VAS-A or the APAIS.The nursing care should be adjusted corresponding to patients’ different needs of the information about anesthesia and surgery in order to alleviate the preoperative anxiety and improve the nursing care.

目的：探讨大泡性角膜病变(bullous keratopathy，BK)患者行飞秒激光辅助的角膜内皮移植术(endothelium keratoplasty，EK)的围手术期护理。方法：回顾性分析在南京总医院眼科行飞秒激光辅助角膜内皮移植的BK20例患者，分析并总结患者术前的心理疏导、术前准备、眼科检查、术中如何配合医生、术后特殊体位、高眼压的护理及如何正确用药和出院健康教育等。结果：患者得到及时、有效的护理，术后视力均有所提高，内皮贴伏好，无排斥反应及其他并发症的发生。结论：通过对患者围手术期的护理，可提高护理质量，缩短患者住院时间。

Objective: To observe the perioperative nursing of femtosecond laser-assisted corneal endothelial transplantation in the treatment of patients with bullous keratopathy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 20 patients with bullous keratopathy with femtosecond laser-assisted corneal endothelial transplantation in our department. The preoperative psychological counseling, preoperative preparation, ocular examination, how to cooperate with the doctors in operation, nursing of special position, high intraocular pressure after surgery, how to use eye drops correctly and health education after discharge were summarized. Results: Nursing were performed to the patients timely and effectively. Postoperative visual acuity of all the patients were improved, the endothelial and corneal stroma bed are well combined and no graft rejection and other complications occurred in the patients postoperatively. Conclusion: We concluded that the quality of nursing was improved and the time of hospitalization was shortened after perioperative nursing.

暴发性脉络膜上腔出血(subchoroidal expulsive hemorrhage，SEH)是内眼手术中罕见且严重的并发症，广东省人民医院眼科收治1名因晶状体完全脱位继发青光眼的女性患者，73岁，其手术过程中发生SEH，现报告如下。通过回顾病例，讨论及分析SEH的原因、危险因素及治疗。

Subchoroidal expulsive hemorrhage (SEH) is one of the rarest and worst complications of intraocular surgery. We treated one patient with secondary glaucoma due to complete dislocation of the lens, who developed SEH during the surgery. In this case report, the causes, risk factors and treatment of subchoroidal expulsive were discussed and analyzed by reviewing the case.

青光眼是一组以视盘萎缩凹陷、视野缺损以及视力下降为共同特征的视神经退行性疾病，也是世界首位不可逆性致盲眼病，导致患者生活质量降低、引起极大卫生经济负担。但其发病机制尚不明确，促进房水排出从而降低眼内压力仍是目前减缓疾病进展的唯一治疗手段。房水排出的主要途径是经由小梁网进入Schlemm’ s管最后汇入巩膜外静脉，因此小梁网在调节房水排出以及平衡眼内压力方面发挥重要作用。近年以来体内以及体外房水排出测量技术和小梁网成像技术不断突破，众多研究表明小梁网存在压力依赖的节律性搏动，在房水的脉冲式排出中起到关键作用，但在青光眼中这种搏动随疾病的进展减弱甚至消失。文章将以小梁网的泵理论为核心，总结青光眼中房水排出的最新研究进展，并从恢复小梁网功能的角度出发探索可能有效的治疗策略，为青光眼的临床诊治提供新的思路。

青光眼是一组以视盘萎缩凹陷、视野缺损以及视力下降为共同特征的视神经退行性疾病，也是世界首位不可逆性致盲眼病，导致患者生活质量降低、引起极大卫生经济负担。但其发病机制尚不明确，促进房水排出从而降低眼内压力仍是目前减缓疾病进展的唯一治疗手段。房水排出的主要途径是经由小梁网进入Schlemm’ s管最后汇入巩膜外静脉，因此小梁网在调节房水排出以及平衡眼内压力方面发挥重要作用。近年以来体内以及体外房水排出测量技术和小梁网成像技术不断突破，众多研究表明小梁网存在压力依赖的节律性搏动，在房水的脉冲式排出中起到关键作用，但在青光眼中这种搏动随疾病的进展减弱甚至消失。文章将以小梁网的泵理论为核心，总结青光眼中房水排出的最新研究进展，并从恢复小梁网功能的角度出发探索可能有效的治疗策略，为青光眼的临床诊治提供新的思路。

       “锌”在青光眼研究舞台上正扮演着越来越重要的角色。糖皮质激素，作为人体内重要的激素之一，其对锌的调控已在诸多系统中被证实。研究发现，在糖皮质激素的影响下，小梁网中的锌离子转运受阻，导致细胞外基质降解失衡，从而干扰小梁网正常流出道功能，加重青光眼的病情。而视神经损伤后，锌离子在神经突触间的异常传递、不平衡分布与胞内异常累积影响视网膜神经节细胞存活和轴突的再生能力，进而损害视功能，可能成为青光眼视神经损伤发病及进展的关键因素。这些研究进展为视神经保护策略提供了新的视角，“锌”作为治疗靶点的潜力正在被逐步挖掘，通过调节锌水平来干预青光眼病理进程成为可能治疗手段。
       本期封面中将汉字“锌”设计为飞天舞者，其超越时空的永恒美感，呼应了“锌”在青光眼研究中突破传统、开辟新程的角色。轻盈与自由的飞天舞者，象征着“锌”在细胞内外穿梭，精妙调控生理功能，维系细胞的和谐与平衡，为青光眼患者带来新的治疗希望。

       “锌”在青光眼研究舞台上正扮演着越来越重要的角色。糖皮质激素，作为人体内重要的激素之一，其对锌的调控已在诸多系统中被证实。研究发现，在糖皮质激素的影响下，小梁网中的锌离子转运受阻，导致细胞外基质降解失衡，从而干扰小梁网正常流出道功能，加重青光眼的病情。而视神经损伤后，锌离子在神经突触间的异常传递、不平衡分布与胞内异常累积影响视网膜神经节细胞存活和轴突的再生能力，进而损害视功能，可能成为青光眼视神经损伤发病及进展的关键因素。这些研究进展为视神经保护策略提供了新的视角，“锌”作为治疗靶点的潜力正在被逐步挖掘，通过调节锌水平来干预青光眼病理进程成为可能治疗手段。

       本期封面中将汉字“锌”设计为飞天舞者，其超越时空的永恒美感，呼应了“锌”在青光眼研究中突破传统、开辟新程的角色。轻盈与自由的飞天舞者，象征着“锌”在细胞内外穿梭，精妙调控生理功能，维系细胞的和谐与平衡，为青光眼患者带来新的治疗希望。

The choroid is a multifunctional, highly vascular, and dynamic tissue which contributes to ocular homeostasis and the regulation of eye growth in both animals and humans. Although challenging to reliably measure, recent advances in ocular imaging (particularly optical coherence tomography) has expanded the current understanding of the role of the choroid in ageing and refractive error development during childhood. This commentary considers recent advances in the field, particularly the impact of orthokeratology on choroidal thickness and contour in myopic children, and the potential use of choroidal metrics as a biomarker for future eye growth.

The choroid is a multifunctional, highly vascular, and dynamic tissue which contributes to ocular homeostasis and the regulation of eye growth in both animals and humans. Although challenging to reliably measure, recent advances in ocular imaging (particularly optical coherence tomography) has expanded the current understanding of the role of the choroid in ageing and refractive error development during childhood. This commentary considers recent advances in the field, particularly the impact of orthokeratology on choroidal thickness and contour in myopic children, and the potential use of choroidal metrics as a biomarker for future eye growth.

人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)在医学领域的广泛应用为探索眼部与全身健康的关系提供了新的机遇。文章回顾了眼科AI在心血管健康、神经系统健康、肾脏健康和衰老过程中的应用。在心血管健康方面，AI能够通过分析眼底图像预测心血管疾病风险因素和未来心血管事件，并提供了简便、有效的风险分层方法。在神经系统健康方面，眼科AI在阿尔茨海默病早期诊断和帕金森病识别方面显示出潜力，尽管对未来事件预测仍具挑战性。针对多发性硬化，眼科AI在诊断和预测残疾进程上展现了良好效果。在肾脏健康中，眼科AI技术通过分析视网膜图像可预测肾功能相关指标、直接检测肾病事件，展示了其在改善肾病筛查方式和减轻医疗负担方面的潜力。在衰老过程中，AI能够利用眼部图像预测生物年龄、视网膜年龄差和晶状体年龄等参数提供了生物衰老指标，为理解衰老与眼部健康的关联提供了新视角。

The widespread application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field has provided new opportunities to explore the relationship between eye and whole body health. This article reviews the application of ophthalmic AI in cardiovascular health, neurological health and aging. In terms of cardiovascular health, AI can predict cardiovascular disease risk factors and future cardiovascular events by analyzing fundus images, and provides a simple and effective risk stratification method. In terms of neurological health, ophthalmic AI shows potential in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and identification of Parkinson's disease, although the prediction of future events remains challenging. For multiple sclerosis, ophthalmic AI has shown good results in diagnosing and predicting the progression of disability. In kidney health, ophthalmic AI technology can predict kidney function-related parameters and detect kidney disease events by analyzing retinal images, demonstrating its potential in improving kidney disease screening methods and reducing medical burdens. In the aging process, AI can use eye images to predict biological age. Parameters such as retinal age gap and LensAge provide biological aging indicators, providing a new perspective for understanding the relationship between aging and eye health.