青光眼是世界首位不可逆性致盲性眼病,降眼压是唯一被证实有效的干预措施。手术是降低眼压的主要途径,近年来创伤更小、术后炎症反应更轻、并发症更少的微创青光眼手术逐渐在临床得到应用。超声睫状体成形术(ultrasound cycloplasty, UCP)是一种新型微创青光眼治疗技术。本文综述了国内外现有研究,表明UCP在治疗各种类型青光眼中均表现出良好的降眼压效果,但不同类型青光眼疗效存在一定差异。UCP可减少术后局部抗青光眼药物的使用数量,同时显示出较少的并发症和较轻的术后反应。与其他睫状体分泌功能减弱性手术相比,该手术在缓解难治性青光眼患者因高眼压导致的局部疼痛方面尤为有效。青光眼类型、超声探头型号匹配及治疗扇区数量是影响疗效的主要因素,其适应证的准确把握及手术参数设计的优化将进一步提高其治疗效果。本文归纳了UCP治疗青光眼的作用原理、手术操作与术后用药、适应证与禁忌证、有效性、安全性及其疗效的影响因素,以期为其临床应用和研究提供参考依据。
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven intervention to effectively prevent visual field deterioration and slow the progression of glaucoma. Surgery plays a critical role in reducing IOP, with traditional glaucoma surgeries focusing primarily on classic filtration procedures. In recent years, minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS), characterized by less trauma, milder postoperative inflammation, and fewer complications, have been increasingly applied and continuously refined in clinical practice. Ultrasound cycloplasty (UCP) is a novel, minimally invasive technique for glaucoma treatment. This article reviews existing research both domestically and internationally, showing that UCP demonstrates good IOP-lowering effects in various types of glaucoma, though its efficacy varies across different glaucoma types. UCP reduces the need for postoperative anti-glaucoma medications, while also exhibiting fewer complications and milder postoperative reactions. Compared with other ciliary body function-reducing surgeries, UCP is particularly effective in alleviating local pain caused by elevated IOP in patients with refractory glaucoma. The type of Glaucoma, matching of the ultrasound probe model, and the number of treatment sectors are key factors influencing UCP efficacy. Accurate selection of indications and optimization of surgical parameters will further enhance its therapeutic outcomes. This article summarizes the mechanisms, surgical procedures, postoperative medication, indications and contraindications, efficacy, safety, and factors influencing UCP outcomes in glaucoma treatment, aiming to provide a reference for its clinical application and research.
青光眼是一组以病理性眼压升高为主要危险因素的,以青光眼性神经萎缩和视野缺损为主要特征的全球首位不可逆性致盲眼病。超声睫状体成形术(UCP)是一种新型非侵入性青光眼治疗技术,其降眼压主要原理为利用高强度聚焦超声破坏睫状突上皮细胞以减少房水生成,并增加葡萄膜巩膜通道的房水流出。UCP适应证广泛,早期主要用于各类难治性青光眼患者,特别是晚期及绝对期患者,研究者发现其除降眼压外,还能够显著缓解该类患者的局部疼痛。近年来,UCP在未经手术治疗的青光眼患者和早、中期青光眼病例中,也表现出了良好的降眼压效果,同时显示出较少的并发症和较轻的术后反应,并可重复治疗。然而不同类型青光眼UCP疗效存在一定差异,且为达最佳治疗效果,其治疗需匹配恰当的探头型号以及适当的治疗扇区。现有较广泛应用于国外的基于眼轴和白到白参数的公式计算方法,测算精度并不适用于国人,然而精准度更高的模型法,其便捷性仍有待进一步提高。UCP虽可减少降眼压药物用量,但术后用药策略的调整仍可能导致眼压波动。综上,针对UCP手术的适应证选择、手术参数设计、疗效预判以及术后管理策略等,仍有待开展相关临床研究,以期为其临床应用提供更加可靠的依据。
青光眼是一组以病理性眼压升高为主要危险因素的,以青光眼性神经萎缩和视野缺损为主要特征的全球首位不可逆性致盲眼病。超声睫状体成形术(UCP)是一种新型非侵入性青光眼治疗技术,其降眼压主要原理为利用高强度聚焦超声破坏睫状突上皮细胞以减少房水生成,并增加葡萄膜巩膜通道的房水流出。UCP适应证广泛,早期主要用于各类难治性青光眼患者,特别是晚期及绝对期患者,研究者发现其除降眼压外,还能够显著缓解该类患者的局部疼痛。近年来,UCP在未经手术治疗的青光眼患者和早、中期青光眼病例中,也表现出了良好的降眼压效果,同时显示出较少的并发症和较轻的术后反应,并可重复治疗。然而不同类型青光眼UCP疗效存在一定差异,且为达最佳治疗效果,其治疗需匹配恰当的探头型号以及适当的治疗扇区。现有较广泛应用于国外的基于眼轴和白到白参数的公式计算方法,测算精度并不适用于国人,然而精准度更高的模型法,其便捷性仍有待进一步提高。UCP虽可减少降眼压药物用量,但术后用药策略的调整仍可能导致眼压波动。综上,针对UCP手术的适应证选择、手术参数设计、疗效预判以及术后管理策略等,仍有待开展相关临床研究,以期为其临床应用提供更加可靠的依据。
干眼是以泪膜稳态丢失及伴随眼部不适症状为特征的最常见眼表疾病,泪膜不稳定、泪液高渗透性、眼表炎症及感觉神经异常为其主要病因。地夸磷索钠是一种P2Y2受体激动剂,能刺激黏蛋白及泪液分泌,其独特的作用机制为干眼的治疗开辟了新的方向,本文就地夸磷索钠近年的临床及基础研究进展作一综述。
Dry eye is one of the most common ocular surface diseases. It is characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and accompanied by ocular symptoms, in which tear film instability and tear hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation, and neurosensory abnormalities play major etiological roles. Diquafosol tetrasodium is a purinergic P2Y2 receptor agonist that promotes mucin and aqueous tear secretion. The unique pharmacological mechanism of diquafosol tetrasodium opens up a new direction for the medical therapies of dry eye. This article reviews the clinical therapeutic effect and research progress of diquafosol tetrasodium for the past few years.