哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)是一种蛋白激酶，在体内主要参与营养水平、生长代谢的调节。mTOR是癌症、衰老和其他代谢相关病理性疾病的重要靶点，参与了增殖、转分化、自噬等多种生物学过程。眼被认为是具有免疫特权的区域，由于血管系统会影响视力，眼的血管系统位于中心光路以外。眼的许多区域都有将免疫细胞运输至发育不良、受损或衰老有关的病变部位的机制。尽管免疫应答主要是为了修复或保护自身，但是免疫细胞可能会分泌一些细胞因子，导致炎症或纤维化，进而损害视力。研究证实，mTOR与翼状胬肉、年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)、青光眼、白内障、糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)、眼部肿瘤等多种眼病密切相关。目前，mTOR抑制剂通常被用作免疫抑制剂，用于癌症的治疗，但mTOR抑制剂用于眼部疾病的报道尚少。因此，该文就mTOR信号通路在相关眼科疾病中的作用、调控机制、药物治疗等方面进行简要综述，为相关眼科疾病的病理机制与治疗提供思路，以便后续开展更深入的研究。

Mammalian target protein of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that primarily involves in the regulation of nutrient levels andgrowth metabolism in vivo. mTOR serves as a crucial target for cancer, aging, and other metabolic related pathological diseases, participating in various biological processes such as proliferation, transdifferentiation, and autophagy. Te eye is considered an area with immune privilege, as the vascular system afects vision and is located outside the central light path. Many areas of the eye have mechanisms for transporting immune cells to the afected areas related to developmental, damaged, or aging. Although the immune response is primarily aimed at reparing or protecting itself, immune cells may secrete some cytokines, leading to infammation or fbrosis, which in turn can damage vision. Results from studies have confirmed that mTOR is closely related to pterygium, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, cataract, diabetic retinopathy (DR), eye tumors and other eye diseases. Currently, mTOR inhibitors are widely used as immunosuppressants and approved for cancer treatment; however, there are few reports on the use of mTOR inhibitors for eye diseases. Therefore, in the article it provides a brief overview of the role, regulatory mechanisms, and drug treatment of the mTOR signaling pathway in related ophthalmic diseases, providing ideas for the pathological mechanisms and treatment of related ophthalmic diseases, in order to carry out more in-depth research in the future.

原发性干燥综合征(primary Sj?gren’s syndrome，SS)是一种主要累及外分泌腺体的自身免疫性疾病，患者通常因为严重的干眼症状首先就诊于眼科，大多数临床医师对原发性干燥综合征相关性干眼(Sj?gren’s syndrome dry eye disease，SS-DED)认识不足，可能导致漏诊和误诊。侵入性极小的客观检查及生物标志物的发展，将有助于发现SS-DED的真面目，并可能从新的角度阐释其发病机制，为其诊断、分类及治疗提供新的思路。SS-DED的治疗没有特效的药物，大多数患者需接受多种方法的治疗，以了解哪些方法最有效。

Primary Sj?gren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease that mainly affects exocrine glands. Patients usually refer to ophthalmologists because of severe dry eye symptoms. Most clinicians have insufficient knowledge with dry eye disease associated with primary Sj?gren’s syndrome probably leading to misdiagnosis or missing the diagnosis.The diagnosis of Sj?gren’s syndrome dry eye disease (SS-DED) is difficult, but the extremely invasive objective examination and the development of biomarkers will help to understand this disease and explain its pathogenesis from a new perspective. There is no specific treatment for the SS-DED, and most patients should receive multiple treatments to select the optimal treatment.

大麻二酚(Cannabidiol,CBD)为大麻提取物中的一种非成瘾性活性成分，是目前研究最热门的植物源性大麻素之一。内源性大麻素系统(endocannabinoid system,ECS)在眼表和视网膜中的研究也已经取得显著进展。CBD可以广泛存在于整个眼球，且其分布和功能具有组织特异性。近年来研究发现CBD具有良好的抗炎、抗损伤、降低眼压及神经保护作用。该文详细介绍了CBD在眼部疾病中的研究进展，以及其对各种眼部疾病的治疗潜力。此外，还讨论了CBD在临床眼科治疗中的应用面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。

Cannabidiol(CBD), a non-addictive active ingredient in cannabis extract, is one of the most popular plant-derived cannabinoids. The study on the endoenuous cannabionoid system (ESC) has made significant progress in the ocular surface and retina. CBD exists extensively in the eyeball, and its distrution and functions of anti-inflammatory,antiinjury, reducing intraocular pressure, and neuroprotective effects have been found. This article introduces the research progress in CBD in eye diseases and the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol for various eye diseases in detailed.Furthermore, the challenges and prospect for the application of CBD in clinical ophthalmology were discussed.

目的：调查眼病患儿家长在患儿手术前的健康教育需求，为责任护士开展个性化、高质量的健康教育提供依据。方法：采用自制的眼病儿童手术前家长的健康教育需求调查问卷对2020年4月至2020年6月的眼病手术患儿家长进行问卷调查，并对调查结果进行统计分析。结果：家长对眼病患儿手术术前健康教育需求排名前3位的是手术治疗的效果、意义及眼病相关专科健康知识。医疗付费方式的差异、患儿年龄、疾病的差异及家长年龄、职业状态的差异对术前健康教育需求得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；家长获取健康教育知识的途径以医务人员讲解和公众号等网络平台为主。结论：眼病患儿家长对患儿术前健康教育需求较高，医务工作者应丰富知识层面，加强专科学习及相关知识培训，把专科知识与健康教育有机地结合，并探索有效的线上健康教育方式，更好地为患者服务。

Objective: To investigate the health education needs of parents of children with eye diseases before operation, and to provide basis for more targeted and high-quality health education for primary nurses. Methods: A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the health education needs of parents of children with ophthalmopathy before surgery from April 2020 to June 2020, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: The top three of parents’ needs for preoperative health education of children with eye diseases were the effect and significance of the surgery and the related professional health knowledge of eye diseases. The differences of medical payment methods, children’s age, diseases, parents’ age, and occupational status was significant in the scores of preoperative health education needs (P<0.05). The main ways of parents obtaining health education knowledge were network platforms such as medical staff explanation and official accounts. Conclusion: The parents of children with eye diseases have a high demand for preoperative health education. Medical workers should enrich their knowledge, strengthen specialty learning and related knowledge training, organically combine professional knowledge with health education, and explore the methods of effective online health education to serve patients better.

系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE)是一类累及多种器官的结缔组织病，且SLE的发病机制十分复杂，常引起关节炎、脑病、肾病、皮肤损害，眼部病变亦是SLE常见疾病，且常引起视力障碍，甚至致盲、致残。该文通过整理文献，浅谈SLE相关眼病的类型、病因、眼部表现，以及SLE常用的中医辨证论治。

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a class of connective tissue diseases that affect a variety of organs. Moreover, the pathogenesis of SLE is very complex, often causing arthritis, encephalopathy, kidney disease and skin damage, ocular lesions are also common diseases of SLE, and it can often cause visual impairment, and even blindness and disability. By collating the literature, this paper discusses the types, etiology, and ocular manifestations of SLE-related eye diseases, as well as the dialectical treatment of SLE commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine.

目的：探讨大气污染物NO₂水平与干眼患病的相关性。方法：选取2014年1月至2018年1月共计75 279例干眼患者的临床资料，进行资料汇总。空气质量和天气数据来自西安市气象局2014—2018年的每日环境空气质量数据。分析中包括的环境空气污染物NO₂。所有数据均按小时收集。计算每个变量的每日平均值，并计算本研究中使用的每周平均值。本研究中患者均自愿参加，并经南昌大学第一附属医院医学研究伦理委员会批准。结果：干眼的门诊就诊次数与NO₂水平显著相关。本研究发现不同年龄段的人受到不同的参数变化影响，环境中NO₂的浓度对于全年龄段的人患干眼有显著相关性，对性别无选择性，男女均会因为NO2在环境中的不同水平而患干眼。较高水平的环境NO₂会增加门诊患者干眼的概率。我们通过对患者人数的累计与环境中NO₂浓度进行相关性分析，发现其有显著相关性，因此环境空气污染和天气变化可能导致干眼的恶化。结论：大气污染物NO2与干眼患病有显著相关性。

Objective: To investigate the correlation between NO₂ levels in air pollutants and dry eye. Methods: The clinical data of 75 279 patients with dry eye from January 2014 to January 2018 were selected and summarized. The air quality and weather data were from the daily ambient air quality data of Xi’an Meteorological Bureau from 2014 to 2018. Environmental air pollutants NO₂ was included in the analysis. All data were collected on an hourly basis. We calculated the daily average for each variable and then calculated the weekly average used in this study.All patients in this study volunteered to participate. , and this study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Results: We found that the number of outpatient visits for dry eye was significantly correlated with NO₂ levels. Our study found that people of different ages were affected by different parameter changes. The concentration of NO₂ in the environment was significantly correlated with dry eyes in all age groups, and is not selective for gender. Both men and women could develop dry eyes due to different levels of NO₂ in the environment. Our results showed that higher levels of environmental NO₂ increased the chances of dry eyes in outpatients. By analyzing the correlation between the cumulative number of patients and the NO₂ concentration in the environment, we found that the correlation was significant.Therefore, ambient air pollution and weather changes may lead to the deterioration of dry eye. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between atmospheric pollutant NO₂ and dry eye disease.

近年来人工智能(artificial intelligence，AI)技术在医学领域的应用发展迅猛，尤其在眼科领域，成果显著，极大地提高了相关影像数据的诊断效率，推动了该领域研究的进展。然而，大多数AI的应用都集中于成人眼病，在婴幼儿眼病方向的研究较少。究其原因，可能是婴幼儿眼部影像数据采集配合度低，部分影像设备应用受限，且相关领域专业眼科医生数量匮乏。然而，婴幼儿期是视觉发育最重要的阶段，也是出生缺陷早期筛防诊治的重灾区，对患儿的视觉发展具有长远且重要的影响，亟需AI相关产品提高婴幼儿眼病筛查效率，缓解医疗资源不足的现状。本文将对近年AI在婴幼儿眼病领域的研究应用现状、进展及存在的相关问题进行综述。

In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, especially in ophthalmology, has developed rapidly with remarkable results. This has greatly improved the diagnostic efficiency of relevant imaging data and promoted further research in this field. However, most applications of AI are focused on adult eye diseases, and few studies have addressed infantile eye diseases. This may be because of the non-cooperative nature of infants, the limited availability of imaging equipment in infants, and the lack of pediatric ophthalmologists. Infancy is the most important stage of vision development. Disturbance during this period have a profound and lasting influence on vision development. Hence, early screening, diagnosis, and treatment of birth defects is important. AI-related products, which improves the efficacy of infant eye disease screening, are urgently needed. This paper reviews the current status, progress, and existing problems of recent research related to application of AI in infantile eye diseases.