世界卫生组织及我国“健康中国”战略都将视觉健康管理提升到前所未有的高度，多方位、全周期保障民众视觉健康，增强人们视觉保健的意识是我国实现健康中国的战略重点。而人才培养是行业发展的命脉与基石，因此眼视光人才教育的探索与建设又是重中之重。本文以天津医科大学眼视光专业为例，就当今社会视觉健康管理的背景下，如何切实有效地开展眼视光教育、培养与时俱进的眼视光专业人才进行探讨。
The World Health Organization and Chinese “Healthy China” strategy have elevated visual health management to an unprecedented height. Ensuring people’s visual health multi-directionally in whole period and enhancing people's awareness on visual health care are the strategic focus for us to achieve a healthy China. Talent training is the lifeblood and cornerstone for industrial development, so exploration and construction in optometry talent education is a priority. Taking the optometry department of Tianjin Medical University as an example, this paper discusses how to effectively carry out optometry education and train optometry professionals who keep up with the times under the background of visual health management in today’s society.
目的：探讨“破窗理论”在手术室护理安全管理中的应用，为构建手术期间质量安全保障体系提 供新的管理依据。方法：于2019年2月至2020年6月组织佛山市三水区人民医院手术室医护人员对 “破窗理论”进行学习，调查分析护理质量、护理满意度以及手术室护理中出现的安全问题，进 而分析“破窗理论”在手术室护理安全管理中的应用效果。结果：实施前不安全事件发生率高于 实施后(16.00% vs 4.00%，P<0.05)。实施后手术室护理安全管理、药物使用规范性、感染控制程 度、基础护理质量评分高于实施前(P<0.05)。与实施前相比，实施后手术医生、医护人员、患者 满意度明显上升(P<0.05)。结论：“破窗理论”在传统护理的基础上提供了一种更为积极的干预 模式，其在护理安全管理中的应用值得进一步推广应用。
Objective: To provide a new management system to increase the quality and safety during the operation through applicating the broken window theory in the operating room nursing quality management. Methods: From February 2019 to June 2020, we organized medical staff in the operating room to study the broken window theory, investigated the nursing quality, nursing satisfaction and safety problems in operating room nursing, and then analyze the application effect of the theory in the nursing safety management. Results: The incidence of unsafe events before implementation of the broken window theory were significantly higher than that after the implementation (16.0% vs 4.0%, P<0.05). After the implementation, the scores of nursing safety management, standardized drug use, infection control and basic nursing quality in the operating room were higher than those before the implementation (P<0.05). The satisfaction of surgeons, medical staff and patients increased significantly after implementation as compared with before implementation (P<0.05). Conclusion: The broken window theory effectively provides a more active intervention model than traditional care, and it deserves further application in nursing safety management.
目的：总结大批量白内障扶贫手术的护理安全管理经验。方法：回顾性分析2013至2016年中山大学中山眼科中心医疗队完成大批量白内障扶贫手术的经验、针对下乡扶贫的特殊环境、患者入院时间短、手术量大、接台手术多以及患者自我管理能力差等情况，分析其安全隐患，并在护理过程中采取相应的安全措施。术前充分评估和准备，对患者进行健康指导；术中对手术环境规范管理；指导加强术后患者的自我管理。结果：8批次共1 064例白内障摘除联合人工晶体植入术顺利完成，无1例发生术后感染。结论：建立大批量白内障扶贫手术护理安全质量管理的规范流程是扶贫工作的重要环节，做好术前的评估和准备工作，落实患者的健康教育及术后患者自我管理指导，才能确保手术顺利进行。
To assess the safety of mass volume of cataract surgery and to identify the possible factors with enhanced patients’ safety. Methods: This is a retrospective case series. Clinical data of patients undergoing charity cataract extraction by surgeons from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between 2013 and 2016 was reviewed. The following factors were analyzed: safety management peri-operatively, educational interventions, intraoperative sterilization, and self-management after operations. Results: A total of 1064 patients (8 sessions) underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. No evidence of endophthalmitis in any cases was observed. Conclusion: Establishment of standardized operation procedures for nursing safety management is essential for safety of mass volume of charity cataract surgery in China. Adequate assessment and peri-operative endeavor, educational interventions, nurse guided self-management should be empowered to enhance patients’ safety.
