目的：自行设计并应用眼科表格式护理记录单，探讨眼科日间病房精细化护理管理工作的方法。方法：于中山大学中山眼科中心眼底病中心，根据日间手术流程，设计和运用眼底病中心24 h出入院护理记录单、眼底病中心日间病房交班记录单和眼底病中心日间病房手术记录单，书写方法基本以打勾、数字或简单文字记录为主。结果：新的表格式护理记录单大大节省护理记录和交班时间，提高护理工作效率，得到临床护理人员的广泛认可，提高医护对护理工作的满意度。结论：突出专科特色的表格式护理记录单能统一规范临床护理工作，提高护理工作效率和护理质量，保障护患安全，落实精细化护理管理。

Objective: To explore ffne management method of day ward in ocular department, through applying self-designed table format of eye nursing records. Methods: According to the day surgery process, the tables of 24-h nursing records and shifting records and surgery records were designed and applied to day ward of the ophthalmic fundus center. The basic writing methods included ticking, number and filling in the blanks. Results: The new nursing records tables decreased the time consumed in recording and shifting, improving the work efficiency, accepted widely by clinical staffs. Conclusion: The new table format with highlight of special features of the nursing records can unify and standard the clinical nursing work, improve the nursing work efficiency and nursing quality, ensure patients’ safety, and implement fine management. 

目的：探讨下乡行大批量白内障扶贫手术的手术器械管理方法。方法：对大批量白内障扶贫手术专用的眼科器械实施规范化管理流程，运输过程严格保护，并培训当地护理人员、定人定岗，实行责任制管理，对清洗流程的质量检测及术中严格的无菌操作把控，确保手术安全进行。结果：眼科手术器械得到规范处理和保养，基层护理人员的规范培训提升其对眼科手术器械处理的能力。结论：建立下乡扶贫规范化的手术器械管理流程和培训制度，是大批量白内障扶贫手术顺利完成的基础保障。

Objective: To investigate the methods of management of surgical equipment in large quantities of cataract poverty alleviation surgery for the countryside patients. Methods: The standardized management of cataract poverty alleviation surgery was implented, the ophthalmic equipment on the transport was strictly protected, and nursing training, fixed posts, responsibility system management, cleaning process quality testing and aseptic control were performed to ensure the safety of operation. Results: The processing and maintenance of the surgical equipment were standardized. Nursing training enhanced their ability to manage ophthalmic surgical equipment. Conclusion: A standardized system of surgical equipment management guarantees the successful completion of large quantities of cataract poverty alleviation surgery.

目的：探讨个性化护理在眼科患儿全身麻醉手术中的应用效果。方法：选取于2015年7月至2016年8月中山大学附属第一医院收治的50例眼科全身麻醉手术患儿，按手术例数单、双号顺序分组，单 数为对照组，采用传统常规护理，双数为观察组，采用个性化护理。比较两组麻醉配合度与家属对护理满意度。结果：50例患儿手术顺利。对照组在麻醉及复苏过程出现烦躁与躁动情况的患儿18例，观察组为3例,对照组明显高于观察组；观察组麻醉配合度与家属对护理满意度明显高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：眼科全身麻醉手术患儿运用个性化护理，可改善患儿心理状态，提高配合度，增加患儿家属的满意度。

Objective: To detect the effect of individualized nursing on ophthalmic children under general anesthesia operation. Methods: Ophthalmic children under general anesthesia operation in First Afifliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were included from July 2015 to August 2016. All of children were divided into odd and even groups by the operation sequence number. The children with odd numbers were in control group and accepted traditional nursing. The children with even numbers were in experimental group and accepted individualized nursing. Anesthesia cooperation degree and family members’ satisfaction on nursing were compared between the two groups. Results: Fifty operations were proceeded successfully. 18 children appeared irritability and restlessness during anesthesia and recovery process in the control group. Irritability and restlessness were only showed in 3 children in the experimental group. The satisfaction in experimental group was much higher than  the control group, the differences were statistically signiffcant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Individualized nursing can improve the mental state and the degree of cooperation. It can also improve family members’ satisfaction.  

目的：了解中国华南地区眼科患者近年术前四项指标的感染状况及阳性患者在不同眼病中的分布。方法：回顾性分析2017年1月~2023年12月在中山大学中山眼科中心进行乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙肝肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)、梅毒螺旋体抗体(抗-TP)、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(抗-HIV)指标筛查的门诊、手术和(或)住院患者资料，并记录和分析患者各项指标的阳性情况。结果：共纳入253 246例患者，HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-TP和抗-HIV阳性率分别是9.00%、0.45%、1.55%、0.13%。两种或两种以上感染指标阳性的患者共有686例， HBsAg和抗HCV同时阳性的例数最高(57.29%)，其次为抗-HIV和抗-TP(15.74%)。2017~2023年HBsAg阳性率逐年递减，而抗-HCV、抗-HIV、抗-TP阳性率变化不明显。男性的HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-TP、抗-HIV阳性率均高于女性，差异均有统计学意义(P <0.001)。HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-TP、抗-HIV阳性率在不同年龄段比较差异均有统计学意义(P <0.001)。在HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-TP阳性患者中，晶状体病的病例数占比最高，分别为36.72%、39.12%、46.97%。其次是玻璃体/视网膜疾病，占比分别为22.52%、19.65%、19.69%。在抗-HIV阳性患者中，玻璃体/视网膜疾病的病例数占比最高，为42.99%，其次是晶状体病，占26.17%，葡萄膜炎占8.72%。结论：本研究揭示了眼科患者术前四项指标的感染情况及感染患者在不同眼病中的分布，这对于评估眼科手术风险、制定感染控制措施具有重要意义。

Objective: To understand the infection status of four blood-borne pathogens among ophthalmology patients in South China and the distribution of positive patients across different eye diseases. Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from outpatient and inpatient or surgical ophthalmic patients who underwent screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV), treponema pallidum antibody (anti-TP) and human immunodeficiency virus antibody (anti-HIV) at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2017 to December 2023. The positivity rates of these markers were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 253246 patients were included in the study, with positivity rates for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-TP, and anti-HIV at 9.00%, 0.45%, 1.55% and 0.13%, respectively. Among these, 686 patients tested positive for two or more markers, with the highest co-positivity observed for HBsAg and anti-HCV (57.29%), followed by anti-HIV and anti-TP (15.74%). The positivity rate of HBsAg showed a yearly decline, while the rates for anti-HCV, anti-HIV, and anti-TP remained relatively stable from 2017 to 2023. Males had significantly higher positivity rates for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-TP, and anti-HIV compared to females (P < 0.001). Significant differences in positivity rates for these markers were also observed across different age groups (P < 0.001). In patients with positive HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-TP, the proportion of cases with lens diseases were the highest, at 36.72%, 39.12%, and 46.97%, respectively. Vitreoretinal diseases followed, with proportions of 22.52%, 19.65%, and 19.69%, respectively. Among patients with positive anti-HIV, the proportion of cases with vitreoretinal diseases was the highest, at 42.99%, followed by lens diseases at 26.17%, and uveitis at 8.72%. Conclusions: This study reveals the infection status of four blood-borne pathogens in ophthalmology patients and the distribution of infected patients across different eye diseases, which is significant for assessing the risks of ophthalmic surgery and formulating infection control measures.

目的：研究缺氧诱导因子-1(hypoxia inducible factor-1，HIF-1)信号通路在高眼压状态下的表达情况。方法：利用前房注射磁性微球法建立大鼠高眼压动物模型，通过荧光金逆行标记观察视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cells，RGCs)的存活情况，提取视网膜组织行Western印迹检测HIF-1α、血管内皮生长因子-A(vascular endothelial growth factor A，VEGF-A)-和促红细胞生成素

(erythropoietin，EPO)的表达，并分析HIF-1α的变化趋势与眼压之间的关系。结果：高眼压1 d时平均眼压为(40.33±2.94) mmHg，第3天为(68.83±2.85) mmHg，第10天时下降至(43.67±3.67) mmHg，后趋于稳定，与对照眼相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高眼压2周时中央、中间和周边视网膜的RGCs存活率分别为61.1%±1.1%，68.5%±8.5%和73.6±3.6%，至高眼压3周迅速下降，分别为33.2%±3.2%，43.4%±3.4%和51.4%±2.1%。高眼压3 d时，眼压值达最高，HIF-1α，VEGF-A和EPO的表达亦达高峰，与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)；后随着眼压值下降，表达也随之逐渐减少。眼压升高3 d，7 d，2周分别与对照组的HIF-1α/GAPDH的蛋白灰度比和眼压值间的相关系数为0.977，0.886，0.763，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论：HIF-1α的表达在一定条件下与眼压值呈正相关，该通路的早期激活可能在高眼压病程中扮演重要的角色。

Objective: To evaluate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway in the state of intraocular hypertension. Methods: We established an intraocular hypertension model of BN rats model of BN rats through the injection of magnetic microspheres into anterior chamber angle, and then evaluated this  model by measuring the survival rates of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) through retrograde Fluorogold labelling. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and erythropoietin (EPO) in the retinal tissue, and HIF-1α protein’s alterable trend as well as its relationship with intraocular pressure (IOP) was analyzed. Results: The IOP was (40.33±2.94) mmHg at the ffrst day affer elevation, (68.83±2.85) mmHg at the third day, and (43.67±2.94) mmHg at the tenth day, then kept stable later. TTe survival rates of RGCs among central, middle and peripheral retina decreased from 61.1%±1.6%, 68.5%±2.0%, 73.6%±1.5%, at the second week to 33.2%±1.8%, 43.4%±2.4%, 51.4%±2.1% at the third week, the differences were statistically signiffcant (P<0.01). The protein expression of HIF-1α, VEGF-A and EPO reached the peak at the third day when the IOP was at the highest level, then decreased with the drop of IOP. The correlation coefffcient between the protein gray value of HIF-1α/GAPDH and IOP among the 3rd day, 7th day, 2 weeks and the control was 0.977, 0.886, 0.763 respectively (P<0.01). Conclusion: The expression of HIF-1α had a positive relationship with IOP in certain condition, and the early activation of HIF-1 signaling pathway might play an important role in the process of glaucoma.

青光眼是全球第二大致盲眼病，第一大不可逆性致盲眼病，其中原发性闭角型青光眼（primary angle closure glaucoma，PACG）占 25%。激光周边虹膜切除术（laser peripheral iridotomy，LPI）已成为 PACG 和原发性房角关闭的一线治疗。LPI 机制为利用激光在周边虹膜上打孔，解除 PACG 的瞳孔阻滞，加深前房，扩大房角，恢复生理性房水排出途径，从而降低眼压。研究表明 LPI 在原发性房角关闭各个疾病进程中均能比较好的控制眼压，是相对安全的治疗方法。

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness and the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) accounts for 25% of glaucoma. Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) has become the first line treatment for PACG and primary angle closure (PAC). The mechanism of LPI is to use laser to create a hole in peripheral iris to relieve pupil block, deepen anterior chamber, expand chamber angle, restore pathway of physiological aqueous discharge and reduce intraocular pressure. Studies have shown that LPI can control intraocular pressure well in all stages of PAC, which is safe for PAC.

原发性干燥综合征 (primary Sjogren' s syndrome，SS) 是一种主要累及外分泌腺体的自身免疫性疾病，患者通常因为严重的干眼症状首先就诊于眼科，大多数临床医师对原发性干燥综合征相关性干眼 (Sjogren' s syndrome dry eye disease，SS-DED) 认识不足，可能导致漏诊和误诊。侵入性极小的客观检查及生物标志物的发展，将有助于发现 SS-DED 的真面目，并可能从新的角度阐释其发病机制，为其诊断、分类及治疗提供新的思路。SS-DED 的治疗没有特效的药物，大多数患者需接受多种方法的治疗，以了解哪些方法最有效。

Primary Sjogren' s syndrome is an autoimmune disease that mainly affects exocrine glands. Patients usually refer to ophthalmologists because of severe dry eye symptoms. Most clinicians have insufficient knowledge with dry eye disease associated with primary Sjogren' s syndrome probably leading to misdiagnosis or missing the diagnosis. The diagnosis of Sjogren' s syndrome dry eye disease (SS-DED) is difficult, but the extremely invasive objective examination and the development of biomarkers will help to understand this disease and explain its pathogenesis from a new perspective. There is no specific treatment for the SS-DED, and most patients should receive multiple treatments to select the optimal treatment. 

目的：探索斜视患者手术治疗后的眼表恢复状况。方法：选取2015年1月至2018年6月于如皋市广慈医院接受门诊手术治疗的 92 例水平性斜视患者为研究对象，共 126 眼，按照手术切口将患者分为 3 组，行角膜缘切口的 42 例 52 眼患者为 A 组，行跨肌止端切口的 17 例 19 眼患者为 B 组，行近穹窿切口的 33 例 55 眼患者为C组。再根据手术累及肌肉条数将患眼分为 3 组，行单条眼外肌的29眼手术者为单肌组，行2条眼外肌的42眼手术者为双肌组，行3条眼外肌的 21 眼手术者为三肌组。比较不同切口类型和肌肉累及数患者的眼表健康恢复时间。结果：A，B，C3组间首次泪膜破裂恢复时间、泪河高度时间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；A组首次泪膜破裂恢复时间 (14.33±3.26) d和泪河高度时间 (14.54±1.58) d显著低于B组和C组，差异具有统计学意义(F = 4.876，P = 0.032；F = 4.612，P = 0.036)。单肌组，双肌组及三肌组3组间首次泪膜破裂恢复时间、泪河高度时间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；单肌组的首次泪膜破裂恢复时间 (13.42±3.57) d和泪河高度时间 (8.65±1.62) d显著低于双肌组和三肌组，差异有统计学意义(F = 4.975，P = 0.028；F = 5.024，P = 0.025)。结论：手术累及的肌肉数和手术切口类型对术后眼表健康状况具有重要影响，近穹窿切口的手术方式和累及较少肌肉数量有助于患者术后眼部健康状况的恢复。

Objective: To explore the ocular surface recovery after surgical treatment of strabismus patients. Methods: A total of 92 patients (126 eyes) with strabismus who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2015 to June 2018 were enrolled. The patients were divided into three groups according to the surgical incision, 42 patients (52 eyes) underwent limbal incision were in group A, 17 patients (19 eyes) underwent trans-muscle end-point incision in group B, and 33 patients (55 eyes) underwent proximal hernia incision in group C. According to the number of muscles involved in the operation, the sick eyes of patients were divided into three groups. The 29 eyes with a single extraocular muscle were a single muscle group, the 42 eyes with 2 extraocular muscles were a double muscle group, and the 21-eye treated with 3 extraocular muscles were a three-muscle group. The ocular surface health recovery time of patients with different incision types and muscle involvement were compared. Results: The first tear film rupture recovery time and tear river height time between group A, B, and C were significantly different, and the data were statistically significant (P < 0.05); the first tear film rupture recovery time (14.33±3.26) d and tear river height time (14.54±1.58) d in group A were significantly lower than those in group B and C. The data were statistically significant (F = 4.876, P = 0.032; F = 4.612, P = 0.036). The first tear film rupture recovery time and tear river height time between the single, double and three muscle groups were significantly different, and the data were statistically significant (P<0.05); the first tear film rupture recovery time (13.42±3.57) d and tear river height time (8.65±1.62) d were significantly lower in the single muscle group than in the double muscle group and the third muscle group. The data were statistically significant (F = 4.975, P = 0.028; F = 5.024, P = 0.025). Conclusion:The number of muscles involved in the operation and the type of surgical incision have an important impact on the health of the ocular surface after surgery. The proximal ankle incision and less number of muscles involved would improve the postoperative recovery of eye health.

目的：比较不同受检者在相同近视屈光欠矫下使用 C 字视力表和 E 字视力表所测得的视力差别及探讨导致这种差别的原因。方法：选取不同年龄段 250 名受检者，在完全矫正屈光度 [最正之最佳视力 (maximum plus to maximum visual acuity，MPMVA)] 情况下附加相应的球镜造成相应的近视度数后比较使用2种不同的视力表测出的视力值变化情况。同时根据2种视力表的设计原理及视力表的不同记录法探讨造成数值不同的可能原因。结果：同一附加度情况下分别用C字视力表组和E字视力表组行方差分析，不同年龄组间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。相同附加度情况下同一受检者使用C字视力表组和E字视力表组行t检验，两者差异具有统计学意义(t = -15.798，P < 0.05)，C 字视力表测得视力平均值小于E字视力表测得视力平均值。结论：受检者使用 C 字视力表比 E 字视力表检测视力结果更加优异；C 字视力表和 E 字视力表的视标形状及开口方向不同是 2 种视力表检测结果差异的主要原因。

Objective: To compare the difference of visual acuity measured by C-chart and E-chart in the same myopic refractive undercorrection and to explore the causes of the difference. Methods: Two hundred and fifty subjects of different ages were selected to compare the changes of visual acuity measured by two different visual meters after adding corresponding spherical lenses to the maximum plus to maximum visual acuity (MPMVA) corrected diopter. At the same time, according to the design principle of the two kinds of visual acuity meters and the different recording methods of visual acuity tables, the possible reasons for the different values were discussed.Results: There was no significant difference between different age groups (P > 0.05). Under the same degree of additionality, the visual acuity of the same subjects was tested by t-test with C visual acuity chart and E visual acuity chart. The difference was statistically significant (t = -15.798, P < 0.05). The average visual acuity of C visual acuity table was smaller than that of E visual acuity table. Conclusion: The visual acuity of myopic patients tested by C visual acuity chart is better than by E visual acuity chart. The main reason for the difference between C visual chart and E visual chart was the different shape and opening direction of visual icons.