随着近视人口的逐年增长，近视已经成为全球关注的热点问题。如何预防近视、控制近视进展、减少病理性近视的发生、减少近视的成本投入是临床工作及科学研究的主要目的。阿托品是目前防控近视的主要药物方法，实验室研究及临床试验均已证实其显著的近视防控效果。美国眼科学会推荐使用0.01%低浓度阿托品，目前报道其近视防控效果为50%~53%。本文汇总了近年来近视防控相关的临床与实验室研究，对阿托品近视防控效果、其相关影响因素(如浓度、个体差异、生物利用度等)以及作用机制等方面的研究进展进行归纳综述，并分析了阿托品用于临床儿童近视防控工作存在的困难与挑战。

As the population of myopia grows rapidly, myopia has become a hot issue of global concern. Preventing myopia and slowing the progression of myopia to reduce the occurrence of pathological myopia and reduce the cost of myopia is the main purpose of related clinical work and scientific researches. Currently, atropine is the main drug for the prevention and control of myopia, and both laboratory studies and clinical trials have confirmed its effect. The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends the use of 0.01% atropine, which is reported to be 50% to 53% effective in preventing and controlling myopia. This review collects the clinical and laboratory researches in decades to summarize the study progress in atropine for preventing and controlling myopia, including the clinical application effects, the influencing factors such as concentration, individual differences, bioavailability, and the related mechanisms. We also highlight the existing difficulties and challenges in the use of atropine in clinic.