It is reported a case of cataract phacoemulsification combined with toric multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation after LASIK surgery in this article. A 42 year-old female patient who underwent bilateral LASIK surgery in other hospital 20 years ago. She visited our hospital due to blurred vision in her right eye for one year. The preoperative IOL Master examination results showed an axial length of 29.66 mm, anterior chamber depth of 3.18 mm, lens thickness of 4.75 mm, white to white distance of 11.6 mm, and anterior surface and total corneal astigmatism of 1.01 D @ 67 ° and 0.91 D @ 56 °, respectively in right eye. The corneal astigmatism measured by Pentacam using 15°range simulated keratometry is 1.2 D@ 58.1 °, which is a regular bow tie shape.No obvious abnormalities was found in the patient's fundus examination. Due to her strong desire to get rid of the glassesa toric bifocal IOL (AT LISA Toric 909M, Zeiss, Germany) was implanted.Based onthe IOL power calculation results of Barrett True-K Toric formula with measured posterior corneal astigmatism, an IOL with Sph 17.0 D/Cyl1.5 D/A 55°was chosen. One month after surgery, the patient's uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/25, 35 cm uncorrected near visual acuity was 20/20, and the best corrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 with a prescription of –0.25 DS/–0.5 DC × 120 °. The patient was satisfied with the outcome. After detailed preoperative evaluation and design, and sufficient communication with patients, toric multifocal IOL implantation can achieve good results in some apropriated for the patients after LASIK surgery.

Pachychoroid disease spectrum include pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, focal choroidal excavation, and peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome. Currently, some scholars regard pachychoroid disease spectrum as a series of continuous disease processes caused by choroidal dysfunction, but the pathogenesis and morphological changes of pachychoroid disease spectrum are not yet clear. This paper reviews the changes of choroid, vortex veins and sclera in pachychoroid disease spectrum.

Langerhans cell histiocyte (LCH) is a rare disease caused by the tumor-like proliferation of bone marrow cells, which is mostly seen in children. Its clinical manifestations can be diverse, in which the skeletal system is most involved. This paper reports a case of LCH in cranio-orbital communication of a child. The imaging results suggest that there is a round chisel damage at the patient’s right brow ridge. In terms of definitive diagnosis and treatment, this patient underwent surgical resection and histopathological examination. 3D-printed polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) material was selected to repair the cranio-orbital defect. The material can achieve better biocompatibility, while 3D-printing technique allows higher matching degree, both help to improve the prognosis and quality of life of the patient.

Blindness prevention has been an important national policy in China. Previous strategies, such as deploying experienced cataract surgeons to rural areas and assisting in building local ophthalmology centers, had successfully decreased the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness. However, new challenges arise with the aging population and the shift of the disease spectrum towards age-related eye diseases and myopia. With the constant technological boom, digital healthcare innovations in ophthalmology could immensely enhance screening and diagnosing capabilities. Artifcial intelligence (AI) and telemedicine have been proven valuable in clinical ophthalmology settings. Moreover, the integration of cutting-edge communication technology and AI in mobile clinics and remote surgeries is on the horizon, potentially revolutionizing blindness prevention and ophthalmic healthcare. The future of blindness prevention in China is poised to undergo signifcant transformation, driven by emerging challenges and new opportunities.

Objective: To set up nursing quality indicators for ophthalmic intra-day ward, providing theoretical basis for nursing quality management in ophthalmic intra-day ward. Methods: Based on the "Donabedian three dimensional quality structure model" as the theoretical framework, the preliminary ophthalmic specialized nursing quality assessment indicators were designed by literature review and group discussion. The ophthalmic nursing quality indicators for intraday ward were finalized by expers consultated, indicators screened and revised. Results: After two rounds of inquration by letters, the opinions from the experts were consistent. Questionnaire response rates were both 100% in two rounds, with coordination coefficients of 0.129 and 0.342 respectively (P< 0.01). The nursing quality indicators for ophthalmic intra-day ward were established, including 3 primary indicators, which are structual indicators (2 secondary indicators), process indicators (8 secondary indicators) and outcome indicatiors(3 secondary indicators). Conclusion: The indicators are scientific, reliable, feasible with specialized characteristics, which can provide a good reference for evaluating the nursing quality in ophthalmic intra-day wards.

Background and Objective: Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is characterized by the insufficiency of limbal stem cells to maintain the corneal epithelium. Severe cases of LSCD may be treated with limbal transplantation from healthy autologous or allogeneic limbal tissue. Multiple cell-based therapies have been studied as alternative treatments to improve success rates and minimize immunosuppressive regimens after allogeneic transplants. In this review, we describe the success rates, and complications of different cell-based therapies for LSCD. We also discuss each therapy’s relative strengths and weaknesses, their history in animal and human studies, and their effectiveness compared to traditional transplants.

Methods: PubMed was searched for publications using the terms LSCD, cell-based therapy, cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET), cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET),and mesenchymal stem cells from 1989 to August 2022. Inclusion criteria were English language articles.Exclusion criteria were non-English language articles.

Key Content and Findings: current cell-based therapies for LSCD are CLET and non-limbal epithelial cells. Non-limbal epithelial cell methods include COMET, conjunctival epithelial autografts, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Moreover, several alternative potential sources of non-limbal cells have described, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), human embryonic stem cells (hESCs),human dental pulp stem cells, hair follicle bulge-derived epithelial stem cells, amniotic membrane epithelial cells, and human umbilical cord lining epithelial cells.

Conclusions: Cell-based therapies are a promising treatment modality for LSCD. While CLET is currently the only approved cell-based therapy and is only approved in the European Union, more novel methods have also been shown to be effective in human or animal studies thus far. Non-limbal epithelial cells such as COMET are also an alternative treatment to allogeneic transplants especially as a surface stabilizing procedure. iPSCs are currently being studied in early phase trials and have the potential to revolutionize the way LSCD is treated. Lastly, cell-based therapies for restoring the limbal niche such as mesenchymal stem cells have also shown promising results in the first human proof-of-concept study. Several potential sources of non-limbal cells are under investigation.

Pars plana vitrectomy is one of the common ophthalmic surgeries in clinic practice currently, which is widely used with good therapeutic effect. However, various complications may still occur after operation. Elevated intraocular pressure is one of common complications. The causes of postoperative ocular hypertension are complex and diverse. Elevated intraocular pressure could be caused by different preoperative primary diseases, intraoperative management methods,and postoperative complication. More appropriate treatment methods can be selected based on different causes. Early elevated intraocular pressure iseasier to control and is mainly treated with medicine and laser. Late elevated intraocular pressure leads to secondary glaucoma, which is relatively complex and mainly treated with surgery. This review mainly states causes and treatment progress of high intraocular pressure after vitrectomy.

Vitreous substitutes are necessary after vitrectomy to fill the vitreous cavity and restore the vitreous to support retinal, refractive, and cellular barrier functions. Severe ocular trauma-induced retinal/choroidal detachment filled with traditional vitreous substitutes (e.g., silicone oil) can lead to silicone oil-dependent eyes and ocular atrophy in some patients, making it difficult to preserve the eye. Foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) is an artificial vitreous body independently developed in China to save the eye, which is the first of its kind in the world and can finely simulate the structure of natural vitreous body and restore some of the functions of vitreous body. It has been clinically proven that it can not only effectively avoid the complications of silicone oil, but also maintain the posterior chamber space and slowly restore the function of the ciliary body, thus treating silicone oil-dependent eyes and preventing further atrophy of the eye. This article reviews the research background, structural features, clinical applications and extended studies of FCVB.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with low-dose rituximab for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Methods: A prospective self-control study. A total of 38 patients who were diagnosed with NMOSD from July 2020 to April 2021 were recruited for rituximab treatment. All patients collected medical history, ophthalmic examination and serological test. Recorded the annual recurrence rate (ARR), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), combined autoantibodies and therapy times after the first treatment. The BCVA was examined using Snellen chart, and converted to logMAR. The patients were followed up at least 12(17.29±2.2) months, and the last follow-up was taken as the time point of efficacy evaluation. ARR and BCVA before and after treatment were compared. To analyze the relationship between relapse and age of onset, combination of autoimmune antibodies and autoimmune diseases. The incidence of side effects and duration of additional therapy were recorded. Results: A total of 38 NMOSD patients (4 male/34 female, 61 involved eyes) were included in this study. The ages of onset age were 12-60 years, the median onset age was 23 (18~29.3) years. Duration of disease was 10.0~265 months, the median duration was 65 (48.3~101.0) months. Before treatment, the mean BCVA was 1.15 ± 0.13 , the mean BCVA at last follow-up was 1.54 ± 0.39, which was no significant difference (t=1.120, P=0.267). The mean ARR before and after treatment were 1.50±0.86 and 0.12 ± 0.07, respectively, with significant difference (t=8.304, P<0.001). The mean reinfusion period was 6. 4±2.3 months. Five relapses in 3 patients were observed. There were no significant difference between relapsed patients and non-relapsed patients on onset age, with/without auto-immune antibody ratio, with/without auto-immune diseases ratio (all P>0.05). Of 38 patients, 7 patients had side effects, all patients who had side effects, slowing down the infusion speed of RTX or infusing 5 mg of dexamethasone could relieve the discomfort. Conclusions: Low-dose RTX can effectively clear B lymphocytes, prevent NMOSD recurrence and with good safety.

With the rapid development and widespread application of optical coherence tomography(OCT), peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structure (PHOMS) has become one of the common signs of OCT in neuro-ophthalmic clinical practice. Whether this structure is physiological or pathological has not been determined, and it is speculated that it may be related to the stagnation of the axial plasma of the optic papilla. In this review, we describe the morphological characteristics of PHOMS, summarize various diseases related to PHOMS, and proposes some doubtful points and research directions for PHOMS, aiming to provide evidence for clinicians to identify PHOMS as early as possible and treat fundus diseases in the early stage.