综述

儿童Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入术后青光眼相关不良事件影响因素与预测的研究进展

Research progress on associated factors and prediction of glaucoma-related adverse events following secondary intraocular lens implantation in pediatric eyes

:416-423
 
儿童白内障是全球范围内可治疗儿童盲症的主要原因之一。对于这些患儿而言,手术是恢复或保护视力的主要方法。然而,手术后的并发症,特别是青光眼相关不良事件(glaucoma-related adverse events, GRAEs),常常成为导致儿童二次致盲的主要原因,这引起了眼科医疗领域的广泛关注。文章综述了儿童Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入术后GRAEs的影响因素,包括手术设计、眼部解剖特征、其他眼部发育异常和全身疾病等。手术设计中是否植入人工晶状体(intraocular lens,IOL)以及植入的时机和位置都对GRAEs的发生有显著影响。此外,眼部解剖特征如角膜直径、眼轴长度、前房深度、中央角膜厚度和术前晶状体厚度等,也是影响GRAEs发生的重要因素。同时,其他眼部发育异常和全身疾病,如先天性无虹膜、先天性风疹综合征等,也会增加儿童白内障术后青光眼的发生率。文章还总结了预测GRAEs的方法,并推荐使用Cox回归模型建立预测模型。这种模型可以有效地预测儿童Ⅱ期IOL植入术后在特定时间段内发展为GRAEs的概率,从而为早期识别GRAEs高危儿童提供了重要的借鉴。通过对GRAEs影响因素的深入分析和预测模型的建立,文章旨在帮助眼科医生更好地理解GRAEs的发生机制,并在手术前对患儿进行风险评估,从而选择最佳的手术方案和预防措施。这对于改善患儿的术后恢复、减少并发症、保护视功能具有重要的临床意义。
Pediatric cataract is one of the leading causes of treatable childhood blindness worldwide. For these children, surgery is the primary method to restore or preserve vision. However, postoperative complications, particularly glaucoma-related adverse events (GRAEs), often become the main reason for secondary blindness in children, attracting widespread concern in the field of ophthalmology. This study reviews the impact factors of glaucoma-related adverse events after secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in children, including surgical design, ocular anatomical characteristics, other ocular developmental abnormalities, and systemic diseases. Whether to implant an IOL in the surgical design and the timing and positioning of the implantation have a significant impact on the occurrence of GRAEs. In addition, ocular anatomical characteristics, such as corneal diameter, axial length, anterior chamber depth, central corneal thickness, and preoperative lens thickness, are also important factors affecting the occurrence of GRAEs. At the same time, other ocular developmental abnormalities and systemic diseases, such as congenital aniridia and congenital rubella syndrome, also increase the incidence of glaucoma after pediatric cataract surgery. The article also summarizes methods for predicting GRAEs and recommends using the Cox regression model to establish a predictive model. This model can effectively predict the probability of children developing GRAEs after secondary IOL implantation within a specific time period, providing an important reference for the early identification of high-risk children for GRAEs. Through in-depth analysis of the impact factors of GRAEs and the establishment of predictive models, the article aims to help ophthalmologists better understand the mechanisms of GRAEs and assess the risks of children before surgery, thereby selecting the best surgical plan and preventive measures. This is of great clinical significance for improving postoperative recovery in children, reducing complications, and protecting visual function.

封面简介

先天性白内障术后青光眼

Glaucoma after congenital cataract surgery

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先天性白内障是严重影响婴幼儿视功能的疾病。随着白内障手术和人工晶状体植入手术技术的发展,先天性白内障患者术后多可获得高质量的视觉康复。然而,如何更好防治手术相关的不良事件和并发症、先天性白内障伴随的其他眼部发育不良疾病的治疗以及形觉剥夺性弱视的治疗,仍然是先天性白内障手术后需要重视的临床问题。
      封面展示的是双眼先天性白内障术后继发青光眼(左眼)与正常眼(右眼)的对比示意图。该并发症起病隐匿、难以预测,是先天性白内障术后二次致盲的首要原因。针对这一术后并发症,美国婴儿无晶状体眼治疗研究组 (infant aphakia treatment study, IATS)将儿童白内障术后青光眼相关不良事件(glaucoma-related adverse events,GRAEs,包括了青光眼和可疑青光眼)定义为:1)青光眼:眼压>21 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),且有以下一种或以上的解剖学改变:(a)角膜直径增加;(b)双眼不对称进行性近视漂移伴角膜直径和(或)眼轴的增加;(c)视杯直径进行性增大,杯盘比增加≥0.2;(d)必须进行手术才能控制眼压。2)可疑青光眼:停用局部糖皮质激素(激素)后连续2次眼压>21 mmHg,或可通过抗青光眼药物控制眼压,但无上述任何青光眼的解剖改变。所以,如何更精准地预防该术后并发症,防止对患儿视功能造成进一步的损害,是目前关键的临床问题。
       因此,文章对先天性白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术后继发性青光眼和可疑青光眼的发生、相关危险因素、治疗和预防的手段进行总结,以期进一步提高对先天性白内障术后高眼压和青光眼防治的认识,减少术后并发症对患儿视功能造成的进一步损害。
先天性白内障是严重影响婴幼儿视功能的疾病。随着白内障手术和人工晶状体植入手术技术的发展,先天性白内障患者术后多可获得高质量的视觉康复。然而,如何更好防治手术相关的不良事件和并发症、先天性白内障伴随的其他眼部发育不良疾病的治疗以及形觉剥夺性弱视的治疗,仍然是先天性白内障手术后需要重视的临床问题。
      封面展示的是双眼先天性白内障术后继发青光眼(左眼)与正常眼(右眼)的对比示意图。该并发症起病隐匿、难以预测,是先天性白内障术后二次致盲的首要原因。针对这一术后并发症,美国婴儿无晶状体眼治疗研究组 (infant aphakia treatment study, IATS)将儿童白内障术后青光眼相关不良事件(glaucoma-related adverse events,GRAEs,包括了青光眼和可疑青光眼)定义为:1)青光眼:眼压>21 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),且有以下一种或以上的解剖学改变:(a)角膜直径增加;(b)双眼不对称进行性近视漂移伴角膜直径和(或)眼轴的增加;(c)视杯直径进行性增大,杯盘比增加≥0.2;(d)必须进行手术才能控制眼压。2)可疑青光眼:停用局部糖皮质激素(激素)后连续2次眼压>21 mmHg,或可通过抗青光眼药物控制眼压,但无上述任何青光眼的解剖改变。所以,如何更精准地预防该术后并发症,防止对患儿视功能造成进一步的损害,是目前关键的临床问题。
       因此,文章对先天性白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术后继发性青光眼和可疑青光眼的发生、相关危险因素、治疗和预防的手段进行总结,以期进一步提高对先天性白内障术后高眼压和青光眼防治的认识,减少术后并发症对患儿视功能造成的进一步损害。
其他期刊
  • 眼科学报

    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    承办:中山大学中山眼科中心
    主编:林浩添
    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    浏览
  • Eye Science

    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    承办:中山大学中山眼科中心
    主编:林浩添
    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    浏览
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