目的：分析医学人工智能通识课程“眼科人工智能的研发与应用”的开展效果，为相关医学人工智能通识课程的开展提供参考和借鉴。方法：纵向观察性研究。观察分析2020年秋季学期眼科人工智能的研发与应用通识课程学生人群，课程考核结果以及学生对课程的整体评价。结果：共有118名本科生同学参与了课程学习。其中大部分为低年级临床医学专业本科生。期中考核得分为77.21±10.07，有56位同学(47.46%)达到80分以上。期末考核得分为82.24±6.77，有91位同学(77.12%)达到80分以上。同学对课程的评分为98.76±3.55，超过90%的同学表示课程备课认真、授课条理清晰、表达准确。结论：本课程的顺利进展证明医学人工智能联合教学模式的可行性，理论和实践穿插的教学设置帮助同学们更好地掌握知识技术，完成教学目标。

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of medical education curriculum named “Development and Application of Ophthalmic Artificial Intelligence”, and provide reference for the development of other related curriculums. Methods: Longitudinal observational study method was adopted. During the fall semester of 2020, we conducted an education curriculum named “Development and Application of Ophthalmic Artificial Intelligence” and analyzed the results of mid-term and final examinations, and curriculum evaluation of students. Results: There were 118 undergraduate students taking the course and most of them were junior students majoring in clinical medicine. The score of the mid-term examination was in the range of 77.2±10.07, and 56 students (47.46%) got more than 80 points. The score of the final examination was in the range of 82.24±6.77, and 91 students (77.12%) got more than 80 points. The score of course evaluation of students was in the range of 98.76±3.55, and more than 90% of the students thought that teachers have made full preparations before class, together with clear teaching logic and accurate expressions in class. Conclusion: The smooth progress of our course proved the feasibility of medical artificial intelligence teaching. The teaching setting interspersed with theory and practice could help students to master knowledge and technology better, so as to achieve the teaching objectives.

近年来人工智能(artificial intelligence，AI)技术在医学领域的应用发展迅猛，尤其在眼科领域，成果显著，极大地提高了相关影像数据的诊断效率，推动了该领域研究的进展。然而，大多数AI的应用都集中于成人眼病，在婴幼儿眼病方向的研究较少。究其原因，可能是婴幼儿眼部影像数据采集配合度低，部分影像设备应用受限，且相关领域专业眼科医生数量匮乏。然而，婴幼儿期是视觉发育最重要的阶段，也是出生缺陷早期筛防诊治的重灾区，对患儿的视觉发展具有长远且重要的影响，亟需AI相关产品提高婴幼儿眼病筛查效率，缓解医疗资源不足的现状。本文将对近年AI在婴幼儿眼病领域的研究应用现状、进展及存在的相关问题进行综述。

In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, especially in ophthalmology, has developed rapidly with remarkable results. This has greatly improved the diagnostic efficiency of relevant imaging data and promoted further research in this field. However, most applications of AI are focused on adult eye diseases, and few studies have addressed infantile eye diseases. This may be because of the non-cooperative nature of infants, the limited availability of imaging equipment in infants, and the lack of pediatric ophthalmologists. Infancy is the most important stage of vision development. Disturbance during this period have a profound and lasting influence on vision development. Hence, early screening, diagnosis, and treatment of birth defects is important. AI-related products, which improves the efficacy of infant eye disease screening, are urgently needed. This paper reviews the current status, progress, and existing problems of recent research related to application of AI in infantile eye diseases.