马方综合征(Marfan syndrome,MFS)是与晶状体异位有关的常见的全身性疾病，约50%~80%的MFS患者存在晶状体异位。该文报道一例21岁的男性患者，因患有MFS致双眼晶状体半脱位伴双眼并发性白内障，先后实施白内障摘除人工晶状体植入合并囊袋张力环悬吊固定术，术后保留低度近视，随访期间未发现眼压升高、人工晶状体严重移位及囊袋皱缩等并发症。

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a common systemic disease associated with lens heterotopia, and about 50%~80% of Marfan patients have lens heterotopia. This article reports a case of a 21-year-old male patient who suffered from bilateral lens subluxation and concurrent cataract due to MFS, who underwent cataract extraction and IOL implantation with CTR suspension fixation was performed to preserve low-grade myopia after surger y. No complications such as increased intraocular pressure, intraocular lens severely displacement and capsular bag shrinkage were found during follow-up.

眼健康是国民健康的重要组成部分，包括盲在内的视觉损伤严重影响人民群众的身体健康和生活质量，加重家庭和社会负担，威胁社会经济生产活动，是涉及民生的重大公共卫生问题和社会问题。弱视作为幼儿期起病的主要视觉障碍性疾病之一，是致使青少年低视力的首要因素，影响青少年自身学业和心理健康，增加致盲风险，故做好弱视的预防及康复工作刻不容缓。通过梳理研究发现，国内外对弱视的传统治疗方法有遮盖疗法、屈光矫正、压抑疗法等，知觉学习、视功能训练、电子视频游戏、针灸等则是近年逐渐新兴起并被广泛运用的弱视康复治疗方法，近年来关于年龄对弱视康复治疗影响的相关研究也较多。通过整理前人研究成果，提出建立儿童青少年视力档案、建立五位一体弱视康复治疗布局模式、进行联合临床治疗青少年弱视的对策，以期为青少年弱视提供康复治疗手段参考和选择，促进青少年弱视康复治疗眼健康事业发展。

Eye health is an important part of national health. Visual impairment, including blindness, seriously affects people’s physical health and quality of life, increases the burden on families and society, threatens social and economic production activities, and is a major public health and social problem related to people’s livelihood. Amblyopia,as one of the main visual disorders in early childhood, is the primary factor causing low vision in adolescents, which affects their academic and mental health and increases the risk of blindness. Therefore, it is urgent to do a good job in the prevention and rehabilitation of amblyopia. By summarizing existing studies, it is found that traditional treatment methods for amblyopia at home and abroad include occlusion therapy, refractive correction, and depressive therapy, while perceptual learning, visual function training, electronic video games, acupuncture and so on are gradually emerging in recent years and widely used in recent years. There are numerous studies on the impact of age on the rehabilitation of amblyopia. By sorting out the previous research results, this paper puts forward the countermeasures of establishing visual acuity files for children and adolescents, establishing the five- in-one rehabilitation treatment layout model, and combining clinical treatment for adolescent amblyopia, in order to provide reference and choice for the rehabilitation treatment of adolescent amblyopia, and promote the development of the eye health cause of adolescent amblyopia rehabilitation.

视网膜静脉阻塞（Retinal Vein Occlusion, RVO）是导致视力损害的主要眼底疾病之一，常引发视网膜缺血、出血、液体渗漏和黄斑水肿，从而导致视力下降甚至永久丧失。目前，RVO继发黄斑水肿的主要治疗方法是玻璃体腔内注射抗血管内皮生长因子（Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, VEGF）药物。然而，RVO的病理机制不仅限于VEGF，还涉及血管生成素-2（Angiopoietin-2, Ang-2）的作用。在病理状态下，Ang-2通过破坏血管稳定性，诱导新生血管形成，并加剧炎症反应，进一步促进RVO的病程进展。法瑞西单抗（Faricimab）作为一种双特异性抗体药物，能够同时抑制VEGF-A和Ang-2这两条关键的病理通路，显示出在改善患者视力方面的潜在优势。文章对Faricimab在RVO治疗中的作用机制、临床应用、相关治疗药物对比及未来发展前景进行了详细论述，为其在眼科领域的进一步应用提供了理论依据和参考。

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is one of the leading retinal diseases causing vision impairment and is often associated with retinal ischemia, hemorrhage, fluid leakage, and macular edema, ultimately resulting in decreased vision or even permanent vision loss. Currently, the primary treatment for RVO-associated macular edema is intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. However, the pathological mechanisms of RVO are not limited to VEGF alone, but also involve angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). Under pathological conditions, Ang-2 disrupts vascular stability, induces neovascularization, and exacerbates inflammatory responses, thereby accelerating the progression of RVO. Faricimab, as a bispecific antibody, can simultaneously inhibit both VEGF-A and Ang-2 pathways, which are critical in RVO pathogenesis, and has shown potential advantages in improving visual outcomes. The article provides a detailed discussion on the mechanism of action, clinical applications, comparison with related therapeutic agents, and future development prospects of Faricimab in the treatment of RVO, offering a theoretical basis and reference for its further application in ophthalmology.

神经营养性角膜病变是一种与角膜神经退行性改变有关的疾病，角膜神经的知觉和营养功能受损，导致角膜上皮缺损、角膜溃疡甚至角膜穿孔。目前人工泪液、治疗性角膜绷带镜、泪点栓塞、羊膜移植，睑缘缝合等治疗措施仍是治疗神经营养性角膜病变的主要治疗方式，对于轻中度病变患者，具有较好的治疗效果，而对于重度病变患者，药物治疗及简单的手术干预治疗效果不佳，病情反复发作。由于重度神经营养性角膜病变患者的角膜神经完全消失，丧失角膜感觉，对未恢复角膜神经营养功能的角膜白斑或溃疡患者行角膜移植术，可能导致角膜移植术后上皮持续不愈合，因此恢复角膜神经营养功能是复明的重要保障手段。角膜神经移植术是重度神经营养性角膜病变患者恢复角膜神经营养功能，提高角膜知觉，改善角膜透明度的重要和有效的治疗方法。角膜神经移植术通过将具有正常功能的供体神经移植到麻痹眼角膜缘周围，使神经末梢重新长入角膜基质，恢复角膜知觉功能。随着角膜神经移植术的术式的不断改进，其良好的术后效果和优点已经渐渐突显。角膜神经移植术包括直接角膜神经移植和间接角膜神经移植，促使角膜神经重新生长，重建角膜神经的营养和知觉功能。角膜神经移植手术已有40年历史，1981年Samii等首次报告了角膜神经移植术，2009年Terzis等成功地实施了第1例直接角膜神经移植术，2014年Elbaz等进行了第1例以腓肠神经作为间置移植物的间接角膜神经移植。封面展示了神经营养性角膜病变患者未接受治疗前的和接受角膜神经移植术后的眼表角膜图像。由于角膜神经退行性改变，角膜失去神经支配，继而出现角膜上皮缺损，角膜缘新生血管形成，经角膜神经移植后，角膜上皮愈合，角膜透明度改善，同时角膜缘新生血管消退。

神经营养性角膜病变是一种与角膜神经退行性改变有关的疾病，角膜神经的知觉和营养功能受损，导致角膜上皮缺损、角膜溃疡甚至角膜穿孔。目前人工泪液、治疗性角膜绷带镜、泪点栓塞、羊膜移植，睑缘缝合等治疗措施仍是治疗神经营养性角膜病变的主要治疗方式，对于轻中度病变患者，具有较好的治疗效果，而对于重度病变患者，药物治疗及简单的手术干预治疗效果不佳，病情反复发作。由于重度神经营养性角膜病变患者的角膜神经完全消失，丧失角膜感觉，对未恢复角膜神经营养功能的角膜白斑或溃疡患者行角膜移植术，可能导致角膜移植术后上皮持续不愈合，因此恢复角膜神经营养功能是复明的重要保障手段。角膜神经移植术是重度神经营养性角膜病变患者恢复角膜神经营养功能，提高角膜知觉，改善角膜透明度的重要和有效的治疗方法。角膜神经移植术通过将具有正常功能的供体神经移植到麻痹眼角膜缘周围，使神经末梢重新长入角膜基质，恢复角膜知觉功能。随着角膜神经移植术的术式的不断改进，其良好的术后效果和优点已经渐渐突显。角膜神经移植术包括直接角膜神经移植和间接角膜神经移植，促使角膜神经重新生长，重建角膜神经的营养和知觉功能。角膜神经移植手术已有40年历史，1981年Samii等首次报告了角膜神经移植术，2009年Terzis等成功地实施了第1例直接角膜神经移植术，2014年Elbaz等进行了第1例以腓肠神经作为间置移植物的间接角膜神经移植。封面展示了神经营养性角膜病变患者未接受治疗前的和接受角膜神经移植术后的眼表角膜图像。由于角膜神经退行性改变，角膜失去神经支配，继而出现角膜上皮缺损，角膜缘新生血管形成，经角膜神经移植后，角膜上皮愈合，角膜透明度改善，同时角膜缘新生血管消退。

青光眼是一组以病理性眼压升高为主要危险因素的，以青光眼性神经萎缩和视野缺损为主要特征的全球首位不可逆性致盲眼病。超声睫状体成形术(UCP)是一种新型非侵入性青光眼治疗技术，其降眼压主要原理为利用高强度聚焦超声破坏睫状突上皮细胞以减少房水生成，并增加葡萄膜巩膜通道的房水流出。UCP适应证广泛，早期主要用于各类难治性青光眼患者，特别是晚期及绝对期患者，研究者发现其除降眼压外，还能够显著缓解该类患者的局部疼痛。近年来，UCP在未经手术治疗的青光眼患者和早、中期青光眼病例中，也表现出了良好的降眼压效果，同时显示出较少的并发症和较轻的术后反应，并可重复治疗。然而不同类型青光眼UCP疗效存在一定差异，且为达最佳治疗效果，其治疗需匹配恰当的探头型号以及适当的治疗扇区。现有较广泛应用于国外的基于眼轴和白到白参数的公式计算方法，测算精度并不适用于国人，然而精准度更高的模型法，其便捷性仍有待进一步提高。UCP虽可减少降眼压药物用量，但术后用药策略的调整仍可能导致眼压波动。综上，针对UCP手术的适应证选择、手术参数设计、疗效预判以及术后管理策略等，仍有待开展相关临床研究，以期为其临床应用提供更加可靠的依据。

青光眼是一组以病理性眼压升高为主要危险因素的，以青光眼性神经萎缩和视野缺损为主要特征的全球首位不可逆性致盲眼病。超声睫状体成形术(UCP)是一种新型非侵入性青光眼治疗技术，其降眼压主要原理为利用高强度聚焦超声破坏睫状突上皮细胞以减少房水生成，并增加葡萄膜巩膜通道的房水流出。UCP适应证广泛，早期主要用于各类难治性青光眼患者，特别是晚期及绝对期患者，研究者发现其除降眼压外，还能够显著缓解该类患者的局部疼痛。近年来，UCP在未经手术治疗的青光眼患者和早、中期青光眼病例中，也表现出了良好的降眼压效果，同时显示出较少的并发症和较轻的术后反应，并可重复治疗。然而不同类型青光眼UCP疗效存在一定差异，且为达最佳治疗效果，其治疗需匹配恰当的探头型号以及适当的治疗扇区。现有较广泛应用于国外的基于眼轴和白到白参数的公式计算方法，测算精度并不适用于国人，然而精准度更高的模型法，其便捷性仍有待进一步提高。UCP虽可减少降眼压药物用量，但术后用药策略的调整仍可能导致眼压波动。综上，针对UCP手术的适应证选择、手术参数设计、疗效预判以及术后管理策略等，仍有待开展相关临床研究，以期为其临床应用提供更加可靠的依据。

目的：探讨大泡性角膜病变(bullous keratopathy，BK)患者行飞秒激光辅助的角膜内皮移植术(endothelium keratoplasty，EK)的围手术期护理。方法：回顾性分析在南京总医院眼科行飞秒激光辅助角膜内皮移植的BK20例患者，分析并总结患者术前的心理疏导、术前准备、眼科检查、术中如何配合医生、术后特殊体位、高眼压的护理及如何正确用药和出院健康教育等。结果：患者得到及时、有效的护理，术后视力均有所提高，内皮贴伏好，无排斥反应及其他并发症的发生。结论：通过对患者围手术期的护理，可提高护理质量，缩短患者住院时间。

Objective: To observe the perioperative nursing of femtosecond laser-assisted corneal endothelial transplantation in the treatment of patients with bullous keratopathy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 20 patients with bullous keratopathy with femtosecond laser-assisted corneal endothelial transplantation in our department. The preoperative psychological counseling, preoperative preparation, ocular examination, how to cooperate with the doctors in operation, nursing of special position, high intraocular pressure after surgery, how to use eye drops correctly and health education after discharge were summarized. Results: Nursing were performed to the patients timely and effectively. Postoperative visual acuity of all the patients were improved, the endothelial and corneal stroma bed are well combined and no graft rejection and other complications occurred in the patients postoperatively. Conclusion: We concluded that the quality of nursing was improved and the time of hospitalization was shortened after perioperative nursing.

随着移植技术逐年发展，异基因造血干细胞移植患者的生存期延长，长期并发症成为影响患者预后及生活质量的主要原因。眼移植物抗宿主病是异基因造血干细胞移植术后最常见的眼部并发症，发生率可高达50%以上。根据发病时间可分为急性及慢性眼移植物抗宿主病，临床上最常以慢性炎症及眼表组织纤维化为特点，主要表现为干眼和不同程度的角结膜炎，治疗较为棘手，可不同程度影响患者视觉质量及生活质量，严重可致盲。近年来眼移植物抗宿主病越来越受到国内外学者重视，其发病机制、临床特点、诊断及治疗相关研究逐渐深入，文章针对眼移植物抗宿主病的临床诊疗新进展进行综述。总体而言，眼移植物抗宿主病早期识别仍较为困难，早期诊断策略有待进一步探索。目前治疗对眼移植物抗宿主病的效果较为有限，或缺乏充足的循证医学证据，临床上缺乏针对不同严重程度及疾病活动度的分级诊疗策略，未来有待进一步探索新的治疗靶点及疾病活动监测指标，将有助于改善患者长期预后及生活质量。

Despite advancements in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation techniques leading to improved overall survival rates, long-term complications have emerged as the primary contributors to poor prognosis and diminished quality of life. Ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD), a prevalent complication affecting over 50% of patients post-transplantation, frequently manifests as refractory dry eye, often accompanied by keratoconjunctivitis. Patients with oGVHD routinely suffer from visual impairment and a decline in their quality of life.Currently, research into the mechanisms, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of oGVHD has progressively deepened. This article reviews the latest advancements in the clinical diagnosis and management of oGVHD. Notably, there is a pressing need for strategies focused on early diagnosis and treatment, as early recognition of oGVHD remains challenging. Existing treatments for oGVHD either exhibit limited efficacy or lack robust clinical evidence to support their use as the best available options.Further research is imperative to develop tiered diagnostic and treatment approaches, including the exploration of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for disease detection. Such endeavors hold the promise of enhancing patients' long-term prognosis and quality of life.

青光眼是一种以视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cell, RGC)及其轴突的进行性变性和丢失为主要特征的眼病，是导致视力丧失的最常见原因。尽管其具体的发病机制尚未完全明确，但众所周知，眼内压升高是青光眼进展的主要危险因素。目前，通过药物和手术治疗降低眼内压是控制疾病进展的主要手段。他氟前列素因其能有效长期稳定地降低眼内压，且不良反应轻微、患者依从性高、无明显全身不良反应，已成为治疗原发性开角型青光眼及眼高压症的一线治疗药物。近年来的研究表明，他氟前列素除了具有降低眼内压的效果外，还可能具有神经保护作用。文章对他氟前列素的药理作用及其在神经保护方面的潜在效益进行综述，为开发更有效的治疗青光眼药物提供理论依据和科研基础。然而，目前缺乏充分的临床研究证据支持其神经保护效应，未来研究应进一步探索这一领域，以促进针对视神经保护的药物开发和基于视神经再生的视觉功能重建。

Glaucoma is characterized by the progressive degeneration and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and their axons,making it one of the most common causes of vision loss. Although the exact underlying mechanisms remain unclear, it is well known that elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for the progression of glaucoma. Currently, the primary means of controlling glaucoma involves reducing IOP through medication and surgery. Tafluprost, due to its effective and long-term ability to lower IOP, minimal side effects, high patient compliance, and absence of significant systemic side effects, has become the first-line treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Recent studies suggest that tafluprost may also have neuroprotective effects beyond its IOP-lowering effects. This article aims to review the pharmacological and potential neuroprotective effects of tafluprost, providing a theoretical basis and research foundation for developing more effective drugs for glaucoma treatment. However, there is still a lack of sufficient clinical evidence to support the neuroprotective effects of tafluprost, and further investigations are required to explore in this field to furnish critical theoretical backing for the development of drugs that target optic nerve protection and facilitate vision restoration through optic nerve regeneration.

先天性白内障是严重影响婴幼儿视功能的疾病。随着白内障手术和人工晶体植入手术技术的发展，先天性白内障患者术后多可获得高质量的视觉康复。然而，如何更好防治手术相关的不良事件和并发症、先天性白内障伴随的其他眼部发育不良疾病的治疗以及形觉剥夺性弱视的治疗，仍然是先天性白内障手术后需要重视的临床问题。文章对先天性白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术后高眼压和继发性青光眼的发生、相关危险因素、治疗和预防的手段进行总结，以期进一步提高对先天性白内障术后高眼压和青光眼防治的认识，减少术后并发症对视功能造成的进一步损害。

Congenital cataract is a significant condition that profoundly impacts the visual function of infants and young children. Advancements in cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation have enabled the achievement of high-quality visual rehabilitation after congenital cataract surgery. Nevertheless, effective prevention and treatment of surgery-related adverse events and complications, as well as managing other ocular dysplasia and form deprivation amblyopia that may arise in conjunction with the surgery, continue to pose important clinical challenges following congenital cataract surgery. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the occurrence, risk factors, treatment and prevention of high intraocular pressure and secondary glaucoma after congenital cataract and intraocular lens implantation. Its aim is to enhance the comprehension of preventive and therapeutic measures for high intraocular pressure and glaucoma after congenital cataract surgery, thereby minimizing potential postoperative complications and preserving visual function.

      息肉状脉络膜血管病变(polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy,PCV)是亚洲人群中常见的致盲性眼病，发生大出血并发症后严重危害视力且预后差。PCV大出血包括视网膜下出血(subretinal hemorrhage,SRH)和玻璃体积血(vitreous hemorrhage,VH)。SRH的危险因素包括较长病程、簇型PCV、息肉状病灶不消退、合并视网膜色素上皮脱离；其治疗方式包括抗血管内皮生长因子药物、光动力疗法、激光、玻璃体腔注气、眼内注射组织纤溶酶原激活剂、玻璃体切割术或联合治疗等方式，其中，黄斑中心凹是否受累和出血时间是影响治疗方式选择的主要因素。发病年龄较大、白细胞计数较高、天门氨酸转移酶和丙氨酸转氨酶的比值较高、活化部分凝血活酶时间较长、曾行光动力疗法、有玻璃体腔注药治疗史、SRH面积大、出现视网膜色素上皮脱离的PCV患者发生VH的风险高。浓厚的VH通常需行玻璃体切割术，其手术时机和手术方式的选择是临床关注的焦点。鉴于目前PCV大出血的危险因素尚不完全明确、治疗方面也尚未达成共识，需要开展相关临床研究，提供更多依据。

      息肉状脉络膜血管病变(polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy,PCV)是亚洲人群中常见的致盲性眼病，发生大出血并发症后严重危害视力且预后差。PCV大出血包括视网膜下出血(subretinal hemorrhage,SRH)和玻璃体积血(vitreous hemorrhage,VH)。SRH的危险因素包括较长病程、簇型PCV、息肉状病灶不消退、合并视网膜色素上皮脱离；其治疗方式包括抗血管内皮生长因子药物、光动力疗法、激光、玻璃体腔注气、眼内注射组织纤溶酶原激活剂、玻璃体切割术或联合治疗等方式，其中，黄斑中心凹是否受累和出血时间是影响治疗方式选择的主要因素。发病年龄较大、白细胞计数较高、天门氨酸转移酶和丙氨酸转氨酶的比值较高、活化部分凝血活酶时间较长、曾行光动力疗法、有玻璃体腔注药治疗史、SRH面积大、出现视网膜色素上皮脱离的PCV患者发生VH的风险高。浓厚的VH通常需行玻璃体切割术，其手术时机和手术方式的选择是临床关注的焦点。鉴于目前PCV大出血的危险因素尚不完全明确、治疗方面也尚未达成共识，需要开展相关临床研究，提供更多依据。