目的：评估EYESi手术模拟器在眼科医师专科培训玻璃体手术中的教学效果。方法：招募中山大学中山眼科中心进行专科医师规范化培训的15名学员，开展眼底手术培训课程，随机分为A组、B组、C组，每组各5名学员。以培训开始前进行初次视网膜脱离手术作为基础分数，除玻璃体后脱离项目、视网膜前膜及内界膜项目等基础练习内容外，A组仅接受双手剪刀训练，B组仅接受激光训练，C组同时接受双手剪刀训练及激光训练。最后所有学员再进行视网膜脱离手术项目作为最终考核成绩。记录下学员的每次得分和操作时间。结果：培训后学员视网膜脱离手术得分较培训前提高（P<0.001）。C组与A组学员最终视网膜脱离手术得分高于B组学员（P<0.05）。有内眼手术经验的学员初次视网膜脱离手术得分高于无内眼手术经验的学员，且手术时长低于无内眼手术经验的学员（P<0.05）。结论：EYESi手术模拟器能有效提高眼科医师的手术操作信心及玻璃体视网膜手术操作技能，双手剪刀训练模块是玻璃体视网膜手术培训中的重要模块。

Objective: To assess the instructional efficacy of the EYESi surgical simulator in training ophthalmology residents on vitreoretinal surgical procedures. Methods: Fifteen ophthalmology residents participating in standardized specialist training program at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, were randomly assigned to three groups (A, B, C; n=5 per group). All participants underwent an initial baseline assessment through simulated retinal detachment surgery. In addition to standard training modules covering posterior vitreous detachment, anterior retinal membrane peeling, and inner limiting membrane manipulation, Group A received supplementary bimanual scissors training, Group B underwent laser training, and Group C received both types of advanced training. The final assessments were carried out using the same retinal detachment simulation, with performance scores and operation times carefully recorded. Results: Post-training surveys revealed significant increases in both trainees’ self-confidence and their self-assessed surgical proficiency. Objective performance scores for retinal detachment surgery showed marked improvement after training (P < 0.001). Groups C and A achieved significantly higher final scores compared to Group B (P < 0.05). Participants with prior intraocular surgical experience scored higher and completed procedures more quickly in the baseline assessment than those without such experience (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The EYESi simulator proves to be an effective tool for enhancing surgical skills and boosting operational confidence in vitreoretinal surgery training. In particular, bimanual instrumentation training offers significant educational value in the development of advanced microsurgical techniques.

目的：设计一套瞳孔动、静态信息提取方案，尝试初步建立正常人群瞳孔动、静态信息数据库。方法：于2023年1月—7月，从中山大学眼科中心眼科门诊招募无眼部疾病、全身疾病的参与者。使用工业级红外相机搭配850 nm红外光源录制参与者瞳孔区域20 s视频，提取瞳孔横径数据并输出为txt文件。使用R语言分析数据，构建瞳孔舒缩过程中的波峰、波谷拟合线，并估算瞳孔舒缩频率。结果：共收集32位参与者的瞳孔动态数据，右眼数据纳入主要结果的分析。参与者年龄范围为7~61岁，男性占50%，等效球镜度范围为-5.630~+5.00 D。测量过程中的瞳孔横径平均值与年龄呈负相关，与等效球镜度、性别无关。在20 s的记录中，瞳孔舒缩次数为(15±7)次。基于波峰与波谷拟合线的趋势，瞳孔舒缩动态分为3种类型：舒缩扩张型、舒缩稳定型和舒缩缩小型。舒缩稳定型进一步分为稳定扩张型、稳定恒定型和稳定缩小型3个亚型，其中25人为舒缩缩小型。双眼的过滤后波峰、波谷拟合线的斜率和截距与过滤前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：低成本、简易的设备配以算法可以便捷、快速地提取瞳孔动、静态信息。

Objective: To design a method for extracting dynamic and static information of the pupil and to establish a database of pupil dynamic and static information in a healthy population. Methods: From January to July 2023, subjects without any ocular or systemic diseases were recruited from the ophthalmology outpatient department. An industrial-grade infrared camera, paired with an 850nm infrared light source, was used to record 20-second videos of the pupil area of each subject. Horizontal pupil diameter data was extracted and saved as txt files. The data was analyzed using R software to construct fitted lines of peaks and troughs during the pupil constriction and dilation process, and the frequency of pupil contraction and dilation was estimated. Results: Pupil dynamic data was collected from 32 subjects with an age range of 7 to 61 years, of whom 50% were male. The spherical equivalent range was from +5.00 D to -5.625 D. The average number of pupil contractions and dilations within the 20-second recordings was (15 ± 7) cycles. Based on the trend of fitted lines for peaks and troughs, pupil dynamic types were categorized into three types: dilation type, stable type, and contraction type. The stable type was further divided into stable dilation, stable constant, and stable contraction subtypes. 25 subjects exhibiting the constriction type. A paired t-test showed no significant difference in the slope and intercept of the fitted lines for peaks and troughs between both eyes. Conclusion: Low-cost and simple equipment combined with algorithms can efficiently and quickly extract dynamic and static pupil information.

      迟发性眼前节毒性综合征（toxic anterior segment syndrome，TASS）是 TASS 的一种特殊类型，两者既有共同点又有区别，随着人们认识的深入，越来越多的迟发性 TASS 被报道。迟发性 TASS 较典型性 TASS 少见，流行病学特征因人工晶体不同而有差异。几乎所有可引起典型性 TASS 的因素都可以引起迟发性 TASS，此外铝元素在迟发性 TASS 的发生中可能有关键作用。迟发性 TASS 临床表现与典型性 TASS 类似，累及后段更为常见，激素治疗有效。

Late-onset toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) is a special type of TASS, which has both similarities and differences. With the deepening understanding, more and more late-onset TASS is reported. Late-onset TASS is less common than typical TASS, and the epidemiological characteristics are vary with intraocular lenses. Almost all the factors that can cause typical TASS can cause late-onset TASS, in addition, aluminum element may play a key role in the occurrence of delayed TASS. The clinical manifestations of late-onset TASS are similar to those of typical TASS, with the involvement of the posterior segment more common and hormone therapy effective.

      干眼是指以泪膜稳态失衡为主要特征并伴有眼部不适症状的多因素眼表疾病。目前干眼的主要治疗手段包括药物治疗（人工泪液替代疗法、抗炎治疗、免疫抑制治疗）和必要时的手术干预治疗。地夸磷索四钠属于 P2Y₂ 受体激动剂，是一种治疗干眼的新型药物。它通过刺激位于眼表组织的 P2Y₂ 受体，促进泪液、黏液、脂质分泌，增强泪膜稳定性，从而改善干眼的症状和体征。

Dry eye refers to a series of chronic and progressive ocular surface diseases characterized by imbalanced tear film accompanied with ocular discomfort symptoms. The available methods mainly include pharmacotherapy (artificial tears replacement, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive therapy) and ophthalmic surgery. P2Y₂ receptor agonist is a novel pharmaceutical agent for dry eye treatment, which could stimulate tear fluid secretion and mucin secretion through binding with P2Y₂ receptors on the ocular surface, so that improve tear film stability and alleviate symptoms of dry eye. 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution is the only P2Y₂ receptor agonist available for dry eye.

目的：总结全身麻醉斜视矫正日间手术服务模式的创建与安全管理方法。方法：回顾 2015 年 10 月至 2018 年 10 月期间全身麻醉下行斜视矫正日间手术患者共 9 570 例。改革护理管理模式，实施医护一体化，在实施过程中对患者进行严密的术前、术后护理管理：术前评估，健康教育前移、加强核查制度、严格监测患者生命体征；术后病情严格交接，家属及患者同步术后指导、离院后回访。结果：全身麻醉斜视矫正日间手术的 9 570 例患者，均未发生手术并发症，术后不适 34 例，占 0.36%，其中 2 例患者离院时出现头晕，2 例发生尿储留，30 例出现恶心、呕吐。护理人力由开展前 16 人减少到 12 人，节约 25%；患者等候手术时间缩短了 8 d，满意度由 70% 提高到 90%，平均住院时间由 3.2 d 减少为 1 d。结论：全身麻醉斜视矫正日间手术模式是一种新的医疗模式，开展全身麻醉日间手术不但可以节省医疗资源，还可提高患者满意度。

Objective: To summarize the establishment and safety management methods of ambulatory strabismus surgery that can provide the basis for carrying out ambulatory surgery nursing under general anesthesia. Methods:We carried out ambulatory surgery management that reformed nursing management model and delivered the integration of medical care in 9 570 patients undergoing strabismus surgery under general anesthesia from October 2015 to October 2018. In implementation process, we carefully managed the patients before and after operation including performing preoperative assessment and health education in advance, strengthening the verification system, strictly monitoring vital signs of the patients, strict shifting state of patients after operation, providing postoperative guidance to patients and their families, and performing follow-up clinic visits after leaving the hospital. Results: No surgical complications occurred in any of our cases. 34 patients had postoperative discomfort, accounting for 0.36%. Among these 34 patients, 2 had dizziness, 2 had urinary retention and 30 had nausea and vomiting. After treatments, all patients were discharged on schedule. The number of nurses reduced from 16 to 12 that fell by 25%. Wait times for operation reduced by 8 days. Patient satisfaction was improved from 70% to 90%. The mean length of hospital stay was reduced from 3 days to 1 day. Conclusion: The management of ambulatory surgery under general anesthesia is a new medical care service model. Careful planning and strict preoperative and postoperative safety management can ensure the safe implementation of strabismus surgery. Ambulatory surgery under general anesthesia has benefits to save medical resources and improve patient satisfaction.

目的：探讨先天性瞳孔残膜围手术期的护理方法。方法：对 13 例（15 眼）先天性瞳孔残膜患儿围手术期给予心理护理、安全护理、优先安排术前检查、术后严密观察病情变化、延续性护理并观察其效果。结果：13 例（15 眼）先天性瞳孔残膜的患儿手术均顺利完成，术后均无出现并发症，其中 6 例患者术后视力较术前视力有所提高，住院满意度为92.3%（12 / 13）。结论：对先天性瞳孔残膜患儿围手术期给予针对性的心理护理、安全护理、延续性护理是瞳孔残膜围手术期的有效护理方法。

Objective: To explore the perioperative nursing methods of persistent pupillary membrane. Methods: In the perioperative period, 13 cases (15 eyes) with persistent pupillary membrane were given preoperative nursing care, psychological nursing, careful observation of the change of condition, safety nursing, continuous nursing and observation of its effect. Results: A total of 13 cases (15 eyes) with persistent pupillary membrane were successfully operated, among which 6 cases had improved postoperative visual acuity compared with preoperative visual acuity, and no postoperative complications occurred. The satisfaction rate of hospitalization was 92.3% (12/13). Conclusion: It is an effective nursing method to give psychological nursing, safety nursing and continuous nursing to children with persistent pupillary membrane in perioperative period.

真菌性眼内炎是临床上少见的眼内感染疾病。因为其诊断延迟和抗真菌药物的有效性有限，因此真菌性眼内炎常常导致视力严重损害。按照感染性途径，真菌性眼内炎包括内源性和外源性，其中外源性眼内炎常见，进展较快，眼部手术术后感染是常见原因之一。小梁切除术是抗青光眼滤过性手术，是目前手术治疗青光眼的有效方法之一。滤过泡相关性眼内炎是其并发症之一，对患者视功能的损害尤为严重。本文通过回顾 1 例滤过泡相关性真菌性眼内炎患者的临床病例资料，讨论及分析滤过泡相关性的真菌性眼内炎的危险因素及诊治方法。

Fungal endophthalmitis is a disease which is a rare kind of interocular infection in clinic. Fungal endophthalmitis often results in severe visual impairment because of delayed diagnosis and limited effectiveness of antifungal drugs. Fungal endophthalmitis includes endogenous and exogenous endophthalmitis which is common and progresses rapidly. Postoperative infection is one of the common causes of fungal endophthalmitis. Trabeculectomy is an antiglaucoma filtering operation, and it is one of the effective methods for glaucoma surgery at present. Glaucomafiltering bleb infection is one of the complications of trabeculectomy, which can lead to severe visual impairment. In this article, we analyzed and discussed the risk factors, diagnosis and treatment methods about the filtering bleb-associated fungal endophthalmitis.

医师规范化培训面临的主要问题是缺少规范化的培训模式和统一的培训评估标准。本研究通过客观结构化临床考试（objective structured clinical examination，OSCE）教学评估及问卷调查，探讨基于问题的学习（problem-based learning，PBL）教学模式在医师规范化培训中的应用效果，结果表明 PBL 是适应医师规范化培训特点的一种教学模式，而 OSCE 是一种规范化培训行之有效的评估模式。

The main problems faced by the standardized training of physicians are the lacking of standardized training mode and unified training evaluation standard. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of employing problem-based learning （PBL） on the standardized training of ophthalmologic residents by objective structured clinical examination （OSCE） and questionnaire survey. The result shows that PBL training mode is eligible for the characteristics of standardized training of ophthalmologic residents, and OSCE is an effective estimate model. 

囊袋缩窄综合征（capsule contraction syndrome CCS）是白内障超声乳化摘除人工晶体囊袋内植入术后少见的并发症。遵义医学院附属医院收治的 2 例植入蔡司 603P 人工晶体患者，均在术后 3 个月后自发出现非典型囊袋缩窄伴人工晶体偏斜移位，6 个月后行人工晶体置换术。本文通过回顾 2 例患者的病例资料，讨论及分析其囊袋缩窄的原因、危险因素及诊疗方法。

Capsule contraction syndrome （CCS） is a rare complication after cataract ultrasonic emulsification and implantation of intraocular lens. Two patients with implanted Zeiss 603p intraocular lens were treated in Zunyi Medical College Affiliated Hospital, they presented with spontaneous dislocation of intraocular lens by atypical CCS after 3 months. After 6 months, they received artificial lens replacement. By reviewing the clinical data of two patients, the causes, risk factors and diagnosis and treatment of the narrowing of the pouch were discussed and analyzed.

患者，男，54 岁，因“双眼异物感伴眼痒 2 周”在北京怀柔医院眼科就诊。自诉 1 d 前自行从眼内取出白色虫体 1 条。裂隙灯检查发现左眼结膜囊内可见白色虫体 2 条，用眼科镊子将其取出，并送病理科检查。就诊结束后嘱患者左氧氟沙星眼液滴左眼，4次/d 。后病理科证实虫体为结膜吮吸线虫。5 d 后患者复诊，诉左眼仍眼痒伴异物感，再次行裂隙灯检查检深部穹隆白色虫体 1 条，取出虫体，并使用生理盐水加压冲洗结膜囊，嘱患者局部抗生素点眼，门诊随访 3 周未见复发。

A 54-year-old patient was admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology in Beijing Huairou Hospital due to the itch of eyes for 2 weeks. He said that a white worm was removed from the eye the day before the visit. Two white worms were found in the conjunctival sac from the left eye and we removed them with the tweezers and then sent to pathology department for further examination. The patient was told to use the levofloxacin eye drop 4 times a day. After 2 days, it was confirmed that the worms were Thelazia callipaeda; after 5 days, the patient came back for further consultation and complained that the itching and foreign body sensation didn’t disappear. And then a white worm was found in the deep conjunctival sac from the left eye. The worm was removed, and the conjunctival sac was flushed with saline. The patient was told to continue using the levofloxacin eye drop. During 3-week followup, no recurrence was found.