斜视作为眼科的常见疾病之一，多发生于儿童群体。传统的诊疗手段高度依赖医生的个人经验，效率欠佳，患者依从性差，极易延误病情，严重影响患儿视功能及身心发育。近年来，人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)与虚拟现实(virtual reality, VR)技术作为数字智能技术中的前沿科技手段，已广泛应用于眼科疾病的筛查、诊断和治疗环节，并正推动斜视诊疗体系向智能化转型。AI技术凭借强大的图像识别与分析能力可自动检测斜视类型和角度，更全面地评估病情。同时，通过分析大量数据预测手术参数，辅助制定个性化的手术方案，并且评估手术效果，大幅提升了斜视诊疗的精准度和效率；而VR技术则通过眼动追踪和动态场景模拟，实现更全面的眼位测量和动态分析。在手术中为医生提供清晰全面的眼部视图，借助模拟试验提升操作精准度，降低手术风险。借助沉浸式的视觉训练有效优化了斜视的康复效果。本文系统地回顾了数字智能技术在斜视诊疗方面的创新应用实例，深入探讨了AI和VR在斜视诊疗中独特的技术优势以及显著的临床价值。AI与VR技术的协同创新，为斜视诊疗模式带来了智能化的变革，在未来，有望为眼科医疗领域的发展注入新的动力，推动整个行业迈向新的高度。

Strabismusis a prevalent ophthalmic disorder predominantly affects children. For a long time, its diagnosis and treatment have heavily relied on traditional methods, which are highly dependent on clinical expertise. This reliance often leads to inefficiency, poor patient compliance, and delayed treatment. These issues can severely impair visual function and hinder psychosocial development. Recently, there have been significant advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR), both of which are cutting-edge digital technologies. These innovations have brought about a revolution in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of ophthalmic diseases, driving the intelligent transformation of strabismus management. AI demonstrates remarkable capabilities in the automated detection of strabismus types and deviation angles. It achieves this through robust image recognition and analysis techniques, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of the disease. By analyzing vast amounts of data, AI can predict surgical parameters, assists in personalized surgical planning, and objectively assesses postoperative outcomes. This significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficiency. At the same time, VR technology enables holistic ocular alignment measurements and dynamic analysis via eye-tracking and simulated dynamic environments. During surgical procedures, VR offers surgeons an enhanced visualization of ocular structures and improves operational accuracy through simulated trials. As a result, it helps reduce surgical risks. After surgery, immersive VR-based visual training programs can optimize rehabilitation outcomes. This review systematically examines innovative applications of AI and VR in strabismus care, highlighting their unique technical advantages and clinical value. The synergistic integration of AI and VR has catalyzed an intelligent paradigm shift in strabismus management. This shift promises to inject new momentum into ophthalmic medicine and propel the field towards unprecedented advancements.

目的：探讨中国西北地区60岁以上人群晶状体厚度（lens thickness, LT）和晶状体相对位置（relative lens position,RLP）的影响因素以及与眼前房角结构的相关性，为探索晶状体在原发性闭角型青光眼疾病中的作用机制提供依据。方法：横断面研究，纳入2024年4—6月在新疆喀什地区英吉沙县社区人群中检查的60岁以上正常受检者，采用眼前节相干光断层扫描仪等，测量双眼眼球生物学参数。将患者右眼纳入研究范围，通过相关性分析和线性回归模型分析晶状体参数变化与房角结构的相关性。结果：性别、腰围和眼轴长度（axial length, AL）为RLP的独立预测因子。年龄越大，晶状体越厚，70岁前LT与AL呈正相关，眼轴、LT和RLP是眼前房角巩膜突前500 μm开放距离（AOD500）的独立预测因子，其多元线性回归方程为：AOD500=-2.501 4+0.083 3AL-0.115 7LT+7.0211RLP-0.0026Sex-0.0010身高。 结论：新疆喀什地区60岁以上人群中，女性、腰围大和眼轴短提示晶状体相对位置靠前，而晶状体厚度、相对位置以及眼轴显著影响眼前房角开放距离，成为闭角型青光眼发病的潜在危险因素。

Objective: To explore the influencing factors of lens thickness (LT) and relative lens position (RLP) in individuals aged 60 and above in Northwestern China, as well as their correlation with anterior chamber angle structure. The aim is to provide evidence for exploring the role of the lens in the pathogenesis of primary angle - closure glaucoma. Methods: A cross - sectional study was conducted. Normal subjects aged 60 and above were enrolled from community - based examinations in Yingjisha County, Kashgar region, Xinjiang, between April and June 2024. An anterior segment optical coherence tomography was used to measure ocular biological parameters of both eyes. Only the right eyes of the subjects were included in the analysis. The correlation between changes in lens parameter and angle structure was examined through correlation analysis and linear regression models. Results: Gender, waist circumference and axial length emerged as independent predictors of the relative lens position. As age increased, the lens became thicker. Before the age of 70, lens thickness was positively correlated with axial length. Axial length, LT and RLP were identified as independent predictors of the anterior chamber angle scleral spur anterior 500 - μ m - opening distance (AOD500). The multiple linear regression equation is as follows: AOD500 (mm) = -2.5014 + 0.0833AL (mm) - 0.1157LT (mm) + 7.0211RLP - 0.0026Sex - 0.0010Height (cm). Conclusions: Among individuals aged 60 and above in Northwest China, being female, having a large waist circumference, and a short axial length are indicative of a relatively anterior lens position Furthermore, lens thickness, its relative position, and axial length significantly affect the anterior chamber angle opening distance, potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of angle-closure glaucoma.

目的：了解新疆喀什地区英吉沙县7~16岁儿童青少年弱视患病情况及其相关因素，为制定科学有效的眼健康防控策略提供依据。方法：选取新疆喀什地区英吉沙县3 261名在校儿童青少年，对其进行裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、屈光度、眼位和眼底情况等检查，并通过问卷调查收集其基本人口学信息、近视家族史、用眼情况和睡眠情况，采用Logistic回归分析7~16岁儿童青少年弱视患病的相关因素。结果：英吉沙县儿童青少年弱视的患病率为1.99%（95%·CI: 1.51~2.47）。弱视患病率在学生类型、性别、近视家族史、主观睡眠质量、每天写作业时间、每天睡眠时间等方面比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），在斜视、近视、远视、屈光参差、每天使用电子产品时间等方面比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素回归分析结果显示，斜视、远视、屈光参差及每天使用电子产品时间与弱视相关，对应的OR值相应为3.82（95%CI: 1.93~7.58，P＜0.001）、10.88（95%CI: 4.85~24.40，P＜0.001）、13.54（95%CI:6.84~26.78，P＜0.001）和0.25（95%CI: 0.12~0.54, P＜0.001），合并斜视、远视或屈光参差的儿童青少年患弱视的风险增加。每天使用电子产品时间＞60 min的儿童青少年患弱视风险较使用时间≤60 min降低。弱视类型以屈光不正性弱视和屈光参差性弱视为主。结论：在新疆喀什地区英吉沙县7~16岁儿童青少年人群中，屈光不正和屈光参差是弱视患病的主要原因。斜视、远视、屈光参差、每天使用电子产品时间是弱视的影响因素。

Objective: To conduct a comprehensive investigation into the prevalence of amblyopia and its influencing factors among children and adolescents aged 7-16 in Yingjisha County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang. The ojective is to furnish a solid basis for formulating scientific and effective eye health prevention and control strategies. Methods: A total of 3,261 school-aged children and adolescents in Yingjisha County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, were selected for this study. The examinations included uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, refractive error, ocular alignment, and fundus condition. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic information, family history of myopia, daily eye-use habits, and sleep status. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software, and logistic regression was employed to explore factors associated with amblyopia in children and adolescents aged 7-16. Results: The study revealed that the prevalence of amblyopia among children and adolescents in Yingjisha County was 1.99% （95% CI: 1.51-2.47）. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the prevalence of amblyopia across student type, sex, family history of myopia, subjective sleep quality, daily homework duration, or daily sleep duration. However, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in cases involving strabismus, myopia, hyperopia, anisometropia, and daily screen time. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that strabismus (OR = 3.82, 95% CI: 1.93-7.58, P < 0.001), hyperopia (OR = 10.88, 95% CI: 4.85-24.40, P < 0.001), and anisometropia (OR = 13.54, 95% CI: 6.84–26.78, P < 0.001) were positively correlated with amblyopia. Conversely, children and adolescents who used electronic devices for >60 minutes per day had a lower risk of amblyopia (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.12-0.54, P < 0.001) compared to those with ≤60 minutes or less of daily screen time. The most common type of amblyopia was mixed amblyopia （60.00%）, followed by anisometropic amblyopia （23.08%）, refractive amblyopia （12.31%）, and strabismic amblyopia （4.62%）. Among mixed amblyopia cases, the combination of refractive amblyopia and anisometropic amblyopia was the predominant pattern （64.10%）. Conclusions: Refractive errors and anisometropia are the main causes of amblyopia. Strabismus, myopia, hyperopia, anisometropia and the duration of electronic device use are identified as influencing factors for amblyopia.

目的：调查新疆英吉沙县7~16岁儿童和青少年近视前期 ( 屈光度≤+0.75 D且>-0.50 D)患病率及其相关因素,为该地区近视防控提供依据。方法：在2024年5—6月采用简单抽样法选取新疆喀什地区英吉沙县一所中学和芒辛镇一所小学的学生进行问卷调查、视力、散瞳验光、眼轴、眼前段、眼底检查等横断面评估，分析纳入等效球镜(spherical equivalent，SE)度数较高眼的数据，采用单因素和多因素逻辑回归分析人口学特征、家族史、用眼行为、生活习惯等潜在相关因素与近视前期的关系。结果：共纳入3 247名参与者，男性占50.14%，女性占49.86%。近视前期1 652人(50.88%)，近视621人(19.12%)，非近视974人(30.00%)。近视前期患病率为50.88%(95%CI:49.16%~52.60%)，近视患病率为19.12%(95%CI:17.81%~20.51%)。多因素回归分析显示，女性(OR=2.56, 95%CI:2.09~3.13, P<0.001)、较大年龄(OR=1.19, 95%CI:1.13~1.24 , P<0.001)和较长眼轴(OR=2.68, 95%CI: 2.31~3.11 , P<0.001)是近视前期的相关因素。结论：在新疆喀什地区英吉沙县7~16岁儿童和青少年中，半数处于近视前期，其相关因素包括年龄偏大、女性及眼轴偏长。

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of pre-myopia (defined as spherical equivalent ≤+0.75 D and >−0.50 D) and its related factors among children and adolescents aged 6–16 years in Yengisar County, Xinjiang, China, providing evidence for regional myopia prevention. Methods: In May and June 2024, a comprehensive assessment was carried out on students selected through simple sampling from a middle school in Yingjisha County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, and a primary school in Mangxin Town, Yingjisha County. ,The assessment included a questionnaire survey, visual acuity test, dilated eye refraction measurement, axial length measurement, anterior segment examination, and fundus examination. The data included eyes with high spherical equivalent (SE) power. Single-factor and multiple-factor logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics, family history, eye-use behavior, lifestyle habits, and other potential related factors with pre myopia. Results: A total of 3,247 participants were included in the study, with 50.14% being male and 49.86% female. Among them, 1,652 (50.88%) individuals had preclinical myopia, 621 (19.12%) had myopia, and 974 (30.00%) had non myopia. The preclinical prevalence of myopia was 50.88% (95% CI: 49.16-52.60), and the prevalence of myopia was 19.12% (95% CI: 17.81-20.51). Multivariate regression analysis showed that female (OR=2.56, 95% CI: 2.09-3.13, P<0.001), older age (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.13-1.24, P<0.001), and longer axial length (OR=2.68, 95% CI: 2.31-3.11, P<0.001) were related factors in the preclinical stage of myopia. Conclusions: Among children and adolescents aged 7-16 in Yingjisha County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, Half were in the preclinical stage of myopia. The related factors include older age, female gender, and axial length.

目的：评估分析新疆地区14个地州6~18岁学龄儿童青少年屈光参差的患病率、空间分布特征和影响因素，为制定区域性眼健康干预策略提供科学依据。方法：采用横断面研究设计，纳入新疆地区14个地州的小学、初中及高中学生共64 277名，收集其人口学特征、屈光状态及地域分布数据。通过等效球镜度（spherical equivalent，SE）评估屈光状态，近视为SE ≤ -0.50 D，屈光参差为眼间SE差异≥1.0 D，采用Moran's I分析屈光参差患病率的空间分布，采用单因素及多因素回归分析探讨屈光参差的危险因素。结果：屈光参差的总体患病率为17.9%（95% CI：17.6%～18.2%），女性屈光参差患病率（18.8%）高于男性（16.9%），汉族（23.9%）高于维吾尔族（11.7%）和其他民族（18.4%）（P<0.001）。屈光参差患病率呈空间聚集分布(Moran's I = 0.450，P = 0.043，Z = 2.026)，并且存在地域差异，昌吉最高（24.1%），克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州最低（7.9%），城市（19.0%）高于农村（15.6%），北疆（19.9%）高于南疆（13.5%）（P<0.001）。屈光参差的患病率与年龄呈正相关，6岁为9.8%，18岁达22.4%。多因素回归分析显示，女性、北疆地区、近视和较高年龄是屈光参差的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：新疆地区学龄儿童青少年屈光参差患病率较高，在空间上呈聚集分布，且存在显著的人口学及地域差异，女性、北疆地区、近视和较高年龄是屈光参差的独立危险因素，建议加强对高危人群的视力筛查及早期干预。  

Objective: To evaluate and analyze the prevalence, spatial distribution characteristics, and influencing factors of anisometropia among school-aged children and adolescents aged 6-18 across 14 prefectures in Xinjiang, thereby providing a scientific foundation for formulation of regional eye health intervention strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, including 64,277 students from primary, middle, and high schools in 14 prefectures of Xinjiang. Data on demographic characteristics, refractive status, and geographical distribution were collected. Refractive status was assessed using spherical equivalent (SE). Myopia was defined as SE ≤ -0.50 D, and anisometropia was defined as an interocular SE difference ≥ 1.0 D. Moran's I analysis was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of anisometropia prevalence. Additionally, univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for anisometropia. Results: The overall prevalence of anisometropia was 17.9% (95% CI: 17.6%-18.2%). The prevalence was higher among females (18.8%) compared to males (16.9%), and higher among Han Chinese (23.9%) than among Uyghurs (11.7%) and other ethnic groups (18.4%) (P<0.001). The prevalence of anisometropia showed a spatially clustered distribution (Moran's I = 0.450, P= 0.043, Z-score = 2.026) , with notable regional variations. Changji had the highest prevalence (24.1%), while Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture had the lowest (7.9%). Urban areas (19.0%) had a higher prevalence than rural areas (15.6%), and northern Xinjiang (19.9%) had a higher prevalence than southern Xinjiang (13.5%) (P<0.001). The prevalence of anisometropia was positively correlated with age, increasing from 9.8% at age 6 to 22.4% at age 18. Multivariate regression analysis showed that female gender, residing in northern Xinjiang, myopia, and older age were independent risk factors for anisometropia. Conclusions: The prevalence of anisometropia among school-aged children and adolescents in Xinjiang is relatively high, showing a spatially clustered distribution with significant demographic and regional disparities. Female gender, residing in northern Xinjiang, myopia, and older age are independent risk factors for anisometropia. It is recommended to enhance vision screening and implement early intervention for high-risk populations.

目的：干眼已成为影响儿童和青少年眼健康的重要问题，但其流行病学特征及相关因素尚未在中国西部地区儿童和青少年群体中得到充分研究。本研究旨在调查新疆喀什地区英吉沙县学龄儿童和青少年的干眼患病率，并分析其相关因素，为儿童和青少年干眼的防治提供流行病学依据。方法：本研究为横断面研究，于2024年5—6月在英吉沙县第三中学和芒辛镇中心小学开展，共纳入3 305名在校儿童和青少年进行问卷调查，并随机抽取557名儿童和青少年进行眼表检查。采用眼表综合分析仪测量泪河高度和非接触泪膜破裂时间。干眼诊断基于世界泪膜与眼表学会发布的第二版干眼专家共识（2017）。采用多因素logistic回归分析干眼的相关因素。结果：在557名参与儿童和青少年中，干眼患病率为16.88%（94/557）。不同性别间干眼患病率比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.81）。干眼患病率随年龄增长而增加，具有显著的线性趋势。任一眼有屈光不正的儿童和青少年干眼患病率更高（29.05% vs. 12.47%，P<0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄（OR=1.21）和屈光不正（OR=2.72）是干眼的危险因素，性别、身体质量指数、右眼眼轴长度及父母近视情况无关。结论：新疆喀什地区英吉沙县学龄儿童和青少年的干眼患病率与全国均值相近且偏低，年龄增长和屈光不正显著增加干眼患病风险，应关注儿童和青少年屈光状态对眼表健康的影响，并采取相应的预防措施。

Objective: Dry eye (DED) has emerged as an important ocular health concern among children and adolescents. However, in pediatric populations in western China, its epidemiological characteristics and associated risk factors have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of DED and analyze its risk factors among school-age children and adolescents in Yingjisha County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, so as to provide a solid evidence base for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2024 at Yingjisha County No. 3 Middle School and Mangxin Central Primary School. A total of 3,305 school children and adolescents completed the questionnaire, and 557 of them were randomly selected for ocular surface examinations. The Keratograph 5M was used to measure tear meniscus height (TMH) and non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT). DED diagnosis adhered to the Dry Eye WorkShop II 2017 (DEWS II) criteria published by Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society (TFOS). Multivariate logistic regression was applied to evaluate the associated risk factors. Results: Among the 557 children and adolescents who underwent examinations, the prevalence of DED was 16.88% (94/557). No statistically significant difference was observed between genders (P = 0.81). The prevalence of DED increased with age, showing a significant linear trend. Participants with refractive errors in either eye had a significantly higher prevalence of DED (29.05% vs. 12.47%, P< 0.001). Logistic regression analysis identified age (OR = 1.21) and refractive error (OR = 2.72) as risk factors. No significant associations were found for gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), axial length of the right eye, or parental myopia. Conclusions: The prevalence of DED among school-age children and adolescents in Yingjisha County is either comparable to or slightly lower than, the national average. Age and refractive error substantially increase the risk of DED. Greater attention should be directed towards children’s refractive status to protect ocular surface health and implement early preventive measures.

目的：分析新疆眼科资源配置现状，为优化地区资源配置提供依据。方法：采用问卷调查收集新疆眼科医疗机构数、床位数、医师数及护士数资料，运用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数评估其在人口和地域面积的配置公平性。结果：2024年新疆每10万人口有眼科医疗机构0.68个、眼科床位13.90张、眼科医师7.68人、眼科护士5.88人。按人口配置：眼科医疗机构数、眼科床位数、眼科医师数、眼科护士数的基尼系数分别为0.22、0.23、0.26、0.29（相对公平）；按地域面积配置：眼科医疗机构数、眼科床位数、眼科医师数、眼科护士数的基尼系数分别为0.40、0.60、0.59、0.60（高度不公平）。结论：新疆眼科资源总量显著提升，但地域配置公平性极差（基尼系数普遍大于0.4），护士配置明显不足。亟须优化资源配置策略，重点提升地域（尤其是偏远广阔地区）可及性并加强护士队伍建设。

Objective: To analyze the equity of ophthalmic resource allocation in Xinjiang and provide evidence for optimizing distribution. Methods: Data on the number of ophthalmic medical institutions,beds, physicians, and nurses in Xinjiang were collected through questionnaires. The Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient were used to evaluate allocation equity in terms of population and geographic area. Results: In 2024，Xinjiang had 0.68 ophthalmic medical institutions,13.90 ophthalmic beds, 7.68 ophthalmic physicians,and 5.88 ophthalmic nurses per 100,000 population. Population-based allocation showed Gini coefficients of 0.22, 0.23, 0.26,and 0.29 for ophthalmic institutions,beds, physicians,and nurses respectively (relatively equitable). Geographic area-based allocation yielded Gini coefficients of 0.40, 0.60, 0.59, and 0.60 for the same categories (highly inequitable). Conclusions: While the total ophthalmic resources in Xinjiang have significantly increased, geographic allocation remains extremely inequitable (Gini coefficients generally >0.4), with particularly insufficient nurse staffing. Urgent optimization of resource allocation strategies is needed, focusing on improving accessibility in remote areas and strengthening the nursing workforce.

目的: 分析甲醇中毒性视神经病变的临床特征、影像学动态演变及治疗反应，探讨中毒程度、治疗时机与视功能预后的相关性，为优化临床诊疗路径提供循证依据。方法: 采用病例系列研究与文献回顾方法，回顾性纳入2017—2024年在中山大学中山眼科中心确诊的9例(18只眼)甲醇中毒性视神经病变患者，收集其临床资料包括瞳孔变化、眼底照相、光学相干断层成像(optical coherence tomography; OCT)、视野、视觉诱发电位(visual evoked potential; VEP)等，结合文献整合病例数据。纳入标准包括明确甲醇暴露史、急性视力下降伴视盘水肿或视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer; RNFL)增厚、血/尿甲醇或甲酸浓度升高。排除既往视力不佳或视网膜病变者。通过多模态影像学评估视神经损伤特征，分析治疗反应及预后相关因素。结果: 9例(18只眼)患者年龄为23~51岁(男性7例，女性2例)，中毒后就诊时间为3 d~3个月。最佳矫正视力为无光感(11眼)至1.0，66.7%(12/18眼)出现瞳孔变化，眼底表现为视盘水肿，VEP提示振幅下降伴视野缺损，OCT显示急性期视盘区域RNFL增厚，慢性期进行性萎缩、杯盘比显著增大。经治疗后，12只眼视力提高(随访2个月，4只眼中毒后视力为1.0，未纳入其中)，持续随访(4个月~3年)的患者中，多数患者急性期干预后进入视力平台期，但少数患者仍存在迟发性神经退行风险。因此，部分患者通过早期干预联合全身激素冲击、血液透析、营养神经等治疗可能有助于改善视功能，而部分延迟治疗患者可出现不可逆视力丧失。瞳孔对光反射保留者预后更佳。结论: 甲醇中毒性视神经病变的预后与中毒程度、干预时机及瞳孔反射状态密切相关。早期给予激素冲击联合营养神经治疗可能改善部分患者的预后，但中毒时间长者易遗留不可逆视神经损伤，个性化分期治疗及长期视功能监测对保护残余视力至关重要。

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics, dynamic imaging changes, and treatment responses of methanol-induced toxic neuropathy. Additionally, it sought to explore the correlation between poisoning severity, intervention timing, and visual functional outcomes, so as to evidence-based insights for optimizing clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies. Methods: A case-series study combined with a literature review was conducted. Nine patients (18 eyes) diagnosed with methanol-induced toxic neuropathy at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University from 2017 to 2024, were retrospectively included. Clinical data, including pupillary changes, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), visual field tests, and visual evoked potentials (VEP), were collected and integrated with findings from the literature. The inclusion criteria were a confirmed history of methanol exposure, acute vision loss accompanied by optic disc edema or retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickening, and elevated blood/urine methanol or formic acid levels. Patients with pre-existing poor vision or retinal diseases were excluded. Multimodal imaging was employed to evaluate the characteristics of optic nerve injury, and treatment responses and prognostic factors were analyzed. Results: The nine patients (18 eyes) ranged in age from 23–51 years (7 males, 2 females), with the time from poisoning to consultation spanning from 3 days to 3 months. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranged from no light perception (NLP, 11 eyes) to 1.0. Pupillary abnormalities were observed in 66.7% (12/18 eyes) of the cases. Fundus examination showed optic disc edema, while VEP revealed reduced amplitude and visual field defects. OCT demonstrated RNFL thickening in the acute phase and progressive atrophy with an increased cup-to-disc ratio (C/D) in the chronic phase. After treatment, 12 eyes showed visual improvement (followed at 2 months; 4 eyes with post-poisoning BCVA of 1.0 were excluded from this analysis). Among patients with extended follow-up (4 months to 3 years), most reached a visual acuity plateau after acute-phase intervention, although a minority remained at risk of delayed neurodegenerative decline. Early intervention with systemic high-dose steroid therapy, hemodialysis, and neuroprotective treatment might improve visual function in some patients, whereas delayed treatment often led to irreversible vision loss. Patients with preserved pupillary light reflexes had more favorable prognoses. Conclusions: The prognosis of methanol-induced optic neuropathy is closely related to poisoning severity, intervention timing, and pupillary reflex status. Early high-dose steroid therapy combined with neuroprotective treatment may enhance outcomes in some patients; however, prolonged poisoning typically results in irreversible neurovisual damage. Personalized staged treatment and long-term visual function monitoring are essential for preserving residual vision.

Fuchs葡萄膜炎综合征是一种主要累及眼前节的慢性前葡萄膜炎。由于病因不明，诊断主要依赖于临床表现，因此眼部结构改变对该病的诊治极为关键。长期慢性炎症致使Fuchs葡萄膜炎综合征患眼从角膜、前房至视网膜及脉络膜，均存在或明显或隐匿的结构改变。本文综述了患眼眼前节的特征性改变：角膜存在特征性的角膜后沉着物以及内皮细胞密度降低、形态改变；前房出现闪辉和细胞，房水中可检测到炎症因子和病毒；虹膜可见特征性萎缩，表现为脱色素和自体荧光改变。三者的结构改变直接反应炎症状态，可为病因机制研究提供线索。白内障和飞蚊症作为常见并发症，与反复的炎症相关，亦伴随着晶状体和玻璃体的结构改变。晶状体-玻璃体界面结构的改变为理解并发症的进展机制与防治方案提供了新思路。Fuchs葡萄膜炎综合征的眼底结构改变隐匿。黄斑区视网膜厚度是否改变尚未定论，另有多项研究认为视网膜血流密度降低。视盘神经节细胞层厚度降低可能与并发性青光眼相关。脉络膜也存在血管层厚度和血流密度改变，也许是慢性炎症的表现。总而言之，关于Fuchs葡萄膜炎综合征的眼部结构改变，尚有诸多疑问有待深入探索。

Fuchs uveitis syndrome is a chronic anterior uveitis that predominantly impacts the anterior segment of the eye. Since its etiology remains unclear, diagnosis largely relies on clinical manifestations.  Consequently, alternations in ocular structure play a pivotal role in both the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Due to the persistent nature of chronic inflammation, a range of structural changes occur, spanning from the cornea and anterior chamber to retina and choroid. This article provides a detailed account of the characteristic changes in the anterior segment. In the cornea, characteristic keratic precipitates are observable, accompanied by a reduction in endothelial cell density and morphological alterations. The anterior chamber exhibits aqueous flashes and cells, where inflammatory factors and viruses can be detected. Additionally, characteristic iris atrophy is visible, presenting  as depigmentation and altered autofluorescence. These three factors collectively reflect the inflammatory state and progress with the course, potentially offering insights into the etiological mechanism. Concurrent cataract and floates, which are common complications associated with recurrent inflammation, accompanied by structural changes in the lens and vitreous. Structural alterations at the vitreol enticular interface, located between the posterior lens capsule and anterior vitreous, provide valuable clues regarding the pathogenesis of complications and provide new perspectives for therapeutic strategies. The structural changes in the fundus of Fuchs syndrome are often insidious. While it remains undetermined whether the retinal thickness in the macular region undergoes changes, numerous studies suggest a decrease in retinal blood flow density. Thinning of the ganglion cell layer in the optic disc may be linked to concurrent glaucoma. The choroid also experiences changes in the thickness of vascular layer and blood flow density, which could be a manifestation of chronic inflammation. In conclusion, numerous questions regarding the ocular structural changes in Fuchs uveitis syndrome still await further exploration.

目的：观察超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术（phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, PEI）联合房角分离术（goniosynechialysis, GSL）及房角切开术（goniotomy, GT）治疗中晚期原发性慢性闭角型青光眼（chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma , CPACG）合并白内障的安全性和有效性。方法：采用回顾性病例研究。收集2020年6月至2024年1月在成都市中西医结合医院行PEI联合GSL及GT的中晚期CPACG合并白内障患者94例133眼，观察最佳矫正视力（best corrected visual acuity, BCVA）、眼压、抗青光眼药物使用数量及术后并发症等情况。采用重复测量方差分析、Wilcoxon秩检验进行统计学处理。结果：术后1天，1周，1、3、6个月94例患者133眼的BCVA（logMAR）均较术前有所提升（P＜0.05）；从术后1天到6个月的所有随访时间点眼压均较术前明显下降（F = 189.79，P＜0.001）；术后6个月，患者使用的降眼压药物数量明显低于术前 ( Z = -2.392，P＜0.001)。术后1周中31眼（23%）出现角膜水肿，15眼（11%）出现前房积血，均在1周内消退；术后1个月内1眼出现眼压反跳，予以前房穿刺放液等治疗后眼压恢复到正常范围。术后6个月，121眼（91%）手术完全成功，10眼（8%）手术条件成功。结论：PEI联合GSL及GT治疗中晚期CPACG合并白内障可有效地提高视力、降低眼压，且无严重并发症。

Objective: To observe the safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (PEI) combined with goniosynechialysis (GSL) and goniotomy (GT) in treating advanced chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (CPACG) complicated by cataract. Methods: This was a retrospective case series study. We collected data from a total of 94 patients (133 eyes) who had advanced CPACG along with cataract and underwent PEI+GSL+GT at Chengdu Integrated TCM&Western Medicine Hospital between June 2020 and January 2024. We observed the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of anti-glaucoma drugs used, and postoperative complications. Repeated measures ANOVA and Wilcoxon rank test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The BCVA (logMAR) at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery showed significant improvement compared to the pre-surgical values (F = 189.79，P < 0.001); The IOP at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months post-surgery was significantly lower than that pre-surgical IOP (P < 0.001). The number of IOP-lowering drugs used at 6 months after surgery was also significantly reduced compared to the pre-surgical (Z = -2.392, P < 0.001). One week after surgery, corneal edema occurred in 31 eyes (23%) and hyphema in 15 eyes (11%) , both of which resolved spontaneously within 1 week. Within one month after surgery, 1 eye experienced an IOP spike, and the intraocular pressure returned to normal range after treatments such as anterior chamber puncture and drainage. Six months after surgery, the operation was completely successful in 121 eyes (91%), and conditionally successful in 10 eyes (8%), resulting in an overall surgical success rate of 99%. Conclusions: PEI combined with GSL and GT can effectively improve vision and reduce IOP in patients with advanced CPACG complicated by cataract, without causing serious complications.