目的：关于大气污染物是否与年龄相关性白内障有关联的研究有限，以往的研究结果也不一致。本研究旨在评估多种大气污染物与年龄相关性白内障之间的关系。方法：采用双样本孟德尔随机化（Mendelian Randomization, MR）设计，并使用了来自亚洲及欧洲两个人群的独立全基因组关联研究（Genome-Wide Association Study, GWAS）的汇总统计数据。大气污染物数据包括颗粒物2.5（particulate matter_2.5, PM_2.5）、PM_2.5-10、PM₁₀、二氧化氮和氮氧化物。主要分析方法是逆方差加权（inverse variance weighted, IVW）法，辅以多变量孟德尔随机化分析（multivariable Mendelian randomization, MVMR）校正污染物间混杂效应，并通过敏感性分析验证结果的稳健性。Cochran Q检验法被用来评估各个单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP）之间是否存在显著的异质性。并采用MR PRESSO方法来识别并排除SNP中的异常值，同时利用MR Egger回归模型评估SNP之间可能存在的多效性，并通过逐一排除每个SNP进行敏感性分析，以确保MR分析结果不受单一SNP的显著影响。结果：关于5种大气污染物特征，亚洲人群结果中，二氧化氮暴露与年龄相关性白内障存在正相关（OR=1.03, 95%CI 1.00~1.06，P=0.026），但在多变量分析中效应方向反转（OR=0.86, 95%CI 0.77~0.97, P=0.013）；在欧洲人群中，PM_2.5-10与年龄相关性白内障显著相关（OR=1.35, 95%CI 1.12~1.62，P=0.002），且在多变量分析中因果效应依然显著（OR=1.58, 95%CI 1.27~3.70, P=0.03）。敏感性分析支持结果的稳健性，未发现异质性或多效性偏倚。结论：环境中PM_2.5-10和二氧化氮与年龄相关性白内障存在复杂因果关系，且因人群而异。亚洲人群中，二氧化氮单变量分析呈正相关，多变量分析效应反转，倾向多变量分析结果，即其降低年龄相关性白内障风险；欧洲人群中，PM_2.5-10单、多变量分析均呈正相关，显示其会增加年龄相关性白内障风险。

Objective: Research exploring the association between atmospheric pollutants and age-related cataracts is scarce, and previous studies have yielded inconsistent findings. This study aims to assess the relationship between various atmospheric pollutants and age-related cataracts. Methods: We adopted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design, using summary statistics from independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted on Asian and European populations. The atmospheric pollutant considered in this study included PM_2.5, PM_2.5-10, PM₁₀, nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. The primary analysis method was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach. Additionally, multivariable MR (MVMR) was used to adjust for confounding effects among pollutants. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the robustness of the results. The Cochran Q test was employed to assess significant heterogeneity among SNPs. The MR PRESSO method was applied to identify and exclude outliers SNPs, while the MR Egger regression model was used to evaluate potential pleiotropy among SNPs. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses were performed by excluding each SNP one by one to ensure that the MR analysis results were not significantly influenced by a single SNP. Results: Among the five atmospheric pollutants studied, we discovered a significant positive correlation between nitrogen dioxide exposure and age-related cataracts in the Asian population (OR=1.03, 95%CI 1.00-1.06, P=0.026). However, the direction of the effect was reversed in the multivariable analysis (OR=0.86, 95%CI 0.77-0.97, P=0.013). In the European population, PM_2.5-10 was significantly associated with age-related cataracts (OR=1.35, 95%CI 1.12-1.62, P=0.002), and the causal effect remained significant in the multivariable analysis (OR=1.58, 95%CI 1.27-3.70, P=0.03). Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the results, with no evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy bias. Conclusions: This study revealed a complex causal relationship between environmental PM_2.5-10 and NO₂ and age-related cataracts, which varied across populations. In Asian populations, the univariate analysis of nitrogen dioxide showed a positive correlation, but the effect was reversed in multivariate analysis, leaning towards the multivariate results and indicating a reduced risk of age-related cataracts. In European populations, both univariate and multivariate analyses of PM_2.5-10 showed a positive correlation, increasing the risk of age-related cataracts. The study provides genetic evidence for the prevention and control of air pollution and highlights the importance of using multi-pollutant models to assess environmental health effects.

IgG4相关性眼病（immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease, IgG4-ROD）是一种与IgG4阳性浆细胞浸润和血清IgG4水平升高相关的系统性疾病。该病的眼部表现包括泪腺、眼眶脂肪、眶下神经、眼外肌和眼睑的受累，且常伴有炎症和纤维化过程。在分子水平上，IgG4-ROD涉及多种免疫细胞和细胞因子的相互作用，包括辅助性T细胞1（T helper cell 1, Th1）、辅助性T细胞2（T helper cell 2, Th2）、调节性T细胞 (regulatory T cells, Tregs）和滤泡辅助性T细胞（follicular helper T cell, Tfh），以及由它们分泌的白细胞介素4（interleukin 4, IL-4）、白细胞介素13（interleukin 13, IL-13）和转化生长因子β（transforming growth factor-β,  TGF-β）等。这些分子通过促进B细胞活化和IgG4的产生，以及纤维化过程的发生，共同参与了IgG4-ROD的发病机制。诊断依赖于组织病理学特征，治疗通常包括糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂，旨在控制免疫介导的炎症和纤维化，减轻症状并防止器官损伤。随着对IgG4-ROD在分子层面发病机制认识的深入，治疗策略将不断优化，进而为患者提供更为精准和有效的治疗方案，从而改善患者预后，提高患者生活质量。本文基于现有研究，总结并阐述了与IgG4-ROD致病有关的关键分子及信号通路，从分子视角对IgG4-ROD的自身免疫、纤维化及二者之间的联系与转变进行综述。

Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) is a systemic disorder characterized by the infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells and elevated serum IgG4 levels. The ocular symptoms of this disease can affect multiple structures, including the lacrimal gland, orbital fat, infraorbital nerves, extraocular muscles, and eyelids.These manifestations are often accompanied by inflammatory and fibrotic processes. At the molecular level, IgG4-ROD is linked to the interaction of various immune cells and cytokines. These include T helper cell 1 (Th1), T helper cell 2 (Th2), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and follicular helper T cells (Tfh), along with cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 13 (IL-13), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). They promote B cell activation and IgG4 production, and also facilitate the development of fibrosis. Diagnosis of IgG4-ROD is mainly based on histopathological features. Treatment typically involves the use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents, which aim to control immune-mediated inflammation and fibrosis, alleviate symptoms, and prevent organ damage. As our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of IgG4-ROD advances, it is anticipated that treatment strategies will be continuously refined. This will enable us to offer patients more precise and effective therapeutic options, ultimately improving prognosis and quality of life. This article provides a summary and clarification of the key molecules and signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of IgG4-ROD. It also reviews,   from a molecular perspective, the interplay between autoimmunity and fibrosis, as well as their transformations.

急性泪囊炎常由慢性泪囊炎急性发作引发，典型症状为流泪，异常分泌物增多等慢性泪囊炎症状，继发泪囊区红肿热痛等急性泪囊炎表现，多为单眼发病。慢性淋巴细胞白血病（chronic lymphocytic leukemia, CLL）属于原发于造血组织的恶性血液疾病，从表面看这两种疾病在病理生理方面没有直接联系。本研究报告了1例以急性泪囊炎作为首发症状的CLL患者，表现为双眼急性泪囊炎体征，经全身检查确诊为CLL。同时，通过回顾相关文献，发现有类似报道，但一例为小儿白血病患者以急性泪囊炎首发体征出现，一例急性泪囊炎患者泪囊摘除后经病理活检确诊为CLL，目前尚未见关于CLL保守治疗后急性泪囊炎明显缓解的报道。该病的发生可能与泪道引流相关淋巴组织（lacrimal drainage-associated lymphoid tissue, LDALT）改变有关，它作为黏膜免疫系统的一部分，可引导CLL细胞向LDALT迁移并定植，破坏局部的免疫微环境，干扰泪道的免疫平衡，抑制正常免疫细胞的功能，促进鼻泪管淋巴细胞异常增生等，引发泪道系统引流不畅。同时，此外，CLL所致的全身免疫抑制状态，也使得机体整体抗感染能力降低，增加了泪囊感染的风险，最终导致急性泪囊炎的发生和发展。通过对该病例的潜在发病机制进行综合分析，并探讨其为临床诊疗带来的启示。

Acute dacryocystitis often results from the acute attack exacerbation of chronic dacryocystitis. Typical symptoms include those of chronic dacryocystitis, such as persistent tearing, increased abnormal secretions, as well secondary manifestations of acute dacryocystitis like redness, swelling, heat and pain in the lacrimal sac area, which are predominantly unilateral. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignant blood disorder originating from hematopoietic tissue. On the surface, these two diseases do not appear to be directly related in terms of pathophysiology. This study reported a case of CLL presenting with acute dacryocystitis as the initial symptom. The patient exhibited signs of acute dacryocystitis in both eyes, and was subsequently diagnosed with CLL following a systemic examination. Meanwhile, a review of the relevant literature revealed similar reports. However, in one instance, acute dacryocystitis in children with leukemia appeared as the first sign of acute leukemia itself, while in another, acute dacryocystitis was diagnosed as CLL by pathological biopsy after dacryocystectomy. At present, there have been no report of significant remission of acute dacryocystitis following conservative treatment for CLL. The occurrence of this condition may be related to the changes in lacrimal drainage-associated lymphoid tissue (LDALT). As a part of the mucosal immune system, LDALT can guide CLL cells to migrate and colonize within it, thereby disrupting the local immune microenvironment, interfering with the immune balance of the lacrimal passage, inhibiting the function of normal immune cells, promoting abnormal lymphocyte proliferation in the nasolacrimal duct, and ultimately leading to impaired drainage of the lacrimal passage system. Additionally, the systemic immunosuppressive state induced by CLL reduces the body’s overall anti-infective capacity, increasing the risk of dacryocystal infection and ultimately contributing to the onset and progression of acute dacryocystitis. Through a comprehensive analysis of the potential pathogenesis of this case, we aim to explore its implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

目的：探讨眼眶泪腺导管囊肿的临床特征及手术治疗方式，提高对该疾病诊疗的认识。方法：回顾性分析天津医科大学第二医院1991年1月—2023年12月经手术后病理证实的14例眼眶泪腺导管囊肿患者的临床资料。结果：14例患者中，男性9例，女性5例；年龄8个月~59岁，平均年龄为26.5岁；均为单眼，其中左眼9例，右眼5例；多以发现眼眶肿物或眼睑肿胀隆起就诊。B超/彩色多普勒超声或CT均提示囊性占位性病变。所有患者均接受了囊肿切除术，全身麻醉手术4例，局部麻醉手术10例；其中前路皮肤切口6例，结膜切口8例，辅助外眦切开3例。术中6例囊肿破裂，囊腔内注入医用透明质酸钠凝胶，辅助完整摘除囊壁。术后病理均提示泪腺导管囊肿，其中睑叶泪腺导管囊肿4例，眶叶泪腺导管囊肿4例，副泪腺导管囊肿5例，异位泪腺导管囊肿1例。术后复查未见并发症。结论：泪腺导管囊肿是临床较少见的疾病，可以发生在眼部的任何部位，结合典型的临床及影像学表现，主泪腺导管囊肿可基本明确诊断，但仍需与上皮/结膜包含性囊肿及皮样囊肿等鉴别，最终需病理确诊。手术完整切除囊肿是治疗该病的主要方法，切除不完全，有复发可能；术中辅助应用医用透明质酸钠凝胶囊内注射有助于囊肿完整摘除。

Abstract Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment for lacrimal duct cyst, aiming to enhance the diagnosis and therapeutic outcomes of this disease. Method: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical data from 14 patients with lacrimal duct cysts all of which were confirmed by postoperative pathology. These patients were treated at our hospital from January 1991 to December 2023. Results: Among the 14 patients,  there were 9 male and 5 females, with age ranging from 8 months to 59 years (mean: 26.5 years). All cases involved unilateral involvement, with 9 affecting the left eye and 5 affecting the right eye. The majority of patients sought medical care due to the presence of an orbital mass or eyelid swelling and protrusion. Imaging studies, including B-ultrasound, color Doppler ultrasound, or CT scans, consistently revealed cystic space-occupying lesions. All patients underwent cystectomy, with 4 cases performed under general anesthesia and 10 cases under local anesthesia. Surgical appoaches included anterior skin incision in 6 cases, conjunctival incision in 8 cases, and  auxiliary lateral canthotomy in 3 cases involving. During surgery, cyst rupture occurred in 6 cases, necessitating the injection of medical sodium hyaluronate gel into the cyst cavity to facilitate the complete removal of the cyst wall. Postoperative pathological analysis confirmed the presence of lacrimal gland duct cysts, which were further classified as follows: 4 cases of eyelid lobe lacrimal gland duct cysts, 4 cases of orbital lobe lacrimal gland duct cysts, 5 cases of accessory lacrimal gland duct cysts, and 1 case of ectopic lacrimal gland duct cyst. No postoperative complications were observed in any the patients. Conclusions: Lacrimal duct cysts are relatively uncommon in clinical practice and can arise in any part of the eye. Given their typical clinical and imaging features, a primary lacrimal duct cyst can generally be diagnosed with reasonable degree of certainty. However, it is still necessary to be differentiated it from epithelial/conjunctival inclusion cysts and dermoid cysts, and other similar conditions, with the final diagnosis relying on pathological confirmation. Complete surgical resection of the cyst is the primary treatment approach for this disease, as incomplete resection may result in recurrence. Intra-capsular injection of medical sodium hyaluronate gel during surgery can aid in the complete remval of the cyst.

目的：识别新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性（neovascular age-related macular degeneration,NVAMD）患者接受抗血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）药物治疗后出现的黄斑萎缩事件，并评估其治疗前的眼部解剖结构变化。方法：回顾 2014 全年期间由采用抗 VEGF 药物治疗的所有 NVAMD 患者，这些患者的随访时间均超过 12 个月，并评估了从首次治疗（通常在 2014 年前）至 2018 年 6 月最后一次随访期间的所有谱域光学相干断层扫描（spectral domain-optical coherence tomography, SD-OCT）图像。结果：在既定的研究流程中，共识别出 278 例 NVAMD 患者的 342 眼，其中 47 眼发生了黄斑萎缩。从治疗开始到黄斑萎缩出现的中位时间为 29.6 个月（四分位距：17.7-43.4）。在发生萎缩的区域中，发现了三种黄斑结构改变（部分眼睛存在不止一种改变）：在 25 眼中观察到血管化色素上皮脱离（pigment epithelial detachment,PED）的塌陷和脉络膜新生血管（choroidal neovascularization，CNV）的消退；在 15 眼中观察到视网膜下高反射物质和(或)视网膜下纤维化的形成；在 13 眼中观察到黄斑萎缩与大玻璃膜疣及色素改变相关联，呈现出通常称为地图状萎缩的典型模式。结论：这些数据表明，在某些情况下，CNV 可能补偿脉络膜的缺血状态，而 CNV 的消退则可能使 RPE 细胞和光感受器暴露于缺血性损伤和萎缩的风险之中。

Background/Aims: To identify incident macular atrophy and evaluate antecedent anatomic alterations in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) that were treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents. Methods: All patients treated with anti-VEGF agents for NVAMD by one of the authors during the 2014 calendar year who had follow up ≥ 12 months had evaluation of all SD-OCT scans from first treatment (usually prior to 2014) to last follow up through June 2018.  Results: The ascertainment procedure identified 342 eyes of 278 patients with NVAMD among which 47 developed macular atrophy. The median time from treatment initiation to development of macular atrophy was 29.6 (interquartile range, 17.7 - 43.4) months. Three macular alterations were identified in areas that developed atrophy (some eyes had more than one); collapse of a vascularized pigment epithelial detachment (PED) and regression of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in 25 eyes, development of subretinal hyper-reflective material and/or subretinal fibrosis in 15 eyes, or atrophy occurring in association with large drusen and pigmentary changes resulting in an arc of atrophy in a pattern typically referred to as geographic atrophy in 13 eyes. Conclusions: These data suggest that in some instances CNV may compensate for choroidal ischemia and the loss of CNV may expose retinal pigmented epithelial cells and photoreceptors to ischemic damage and atrophy.

广州双生子眼病研究（The Guangzhou Twin Eye Study, GTES）是一项针对中国南方双胞胎人群的长期队列研究，通过15年纵向随访数据，系统解析了遗传与环境因素对近视的影响。研究证实，眼轴长度与视网膜周边屈光度具有高度遗传性，且教育负担的加重是近视进展的核心环境驱动因素。GTES基于1291对双生子数据建立了近视预测模型，为近视早期筛查与干预提供科学依据。此外，该研究还探讨了遗传因素和环境因素对近视发展的共同影响。本文基于GTES研究的主要结论，以期为公共卫生策略和临床实践提供更有力的科学依据，以遏制全球近视流行的趋势。

The Guangzhou Twin Eye Study (GTES) is a cohort of twins living in South China that has been longitudinally followed for more than 15 years. This study has extensively investigated the heritability of myopia and the influence of environmental factors, producing significant and far reaching impacts. GTES has found a high heritability of axial length and peripheral refraction, the significant role of education in myopia progression, and established a prediction model for myopia onset and progression. The study has also explored the impact of both genetic and environmental factors on myopia development. By reviewing the major findings on myopia from the GTES, we hope to better inform public health strategies and clinical practices aimed at mitigating the global myopia epidemic.

目的：探索采用一眼眼罩联合另一眼眼垫的改良包眼方式对斜视患者双眼矫正术后恢复期生活质量及焦虑情绪的影响。 方法：于2024年9—10月在中山大学中山眼科中心招募日间手术接受双眼斜视矫正术的患者80例，按入院时间单双周分为联合眼罩组和眼垫组，每组各40例。联合眼罩组在手术肌肉少的眼睛或主导眼佩戴多小孔塑料眼罩，另一眼用眼垫包眼；眼垫组采用双眼眼垫包眼。主要结局指标为术后1 d的视功能相关生活质量。次要结局指标包括术后1 d的睡眠评分、疼痛评分、球结膜充血水肿、切口外观及术后1周患者满意度。 结果：两组患者在性别、年龄、术前斜视情况和斜视手术肌肉条数等基线特征分布的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。联合眼罩组术后1 d视功能相关生活质量、睡眠和术后1周患者满意度均优于眼垫组，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者在术后1 d疼痛程度、球结膜充血、切口外观、斜视改善程度的比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；结论：斜视双眼矫正术后采用一眼眼罩联合一眼眼垫遮盖的方式，在保证术后恢复效果的同时，能够有效改善患者术后视功能相关生活质量和睡眠质量，并提升患者满意度。

Objective:To investigate the effects of a modified eye-patching technique, which combines the use of an eye shield on one eye and an eye patch on the other, on the quality of life and anxiety levels of strabismus patients during the recovery period after binocular correction surgery. Methods: A total of 80 patients who underwent bilateral strabismus correction as day surgery at our hospital between September and October 2024 were recruited for this study. Based on whether their admission week was odd or even, they were randomly assigned to two groups: the combined patching group (n=40) and the conventional patching group (n=40). In the combined patching group, patients wore a multiple-aperture plastic eye shield on the eye with fewer operated muscles or the dominant eye, while the other eye was covered with a conventional eye patch. In the conventional patching group, patients received bilateral eye patches. The primary outcome measure was vision-related quality of life on the first postoperative day. Secondary outcomes included the sleep quality score, pain score, conjunctival hyperemia and edema, incision appearance on the first postoperative day, and patient satisfaction one week after surgery. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics, such as gender, age, preoperative strabismus status, or the number of operated muscles, between the two groups. Compared to the conventional patching group showed significantly better vision-related quality of life and sleep quality on the first postoperative day, as well as higher patient satisfaction one week after surgery (P< 0.05). On the first postoperative day, there were no significant differences between the two groups in pain level, conjunctival hyperemia, incision appearance, or degree of strabismus improvement (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The application of a modified eye-covering method, which combines an eye shield on one eye and an eye patch on the other, after bilateral strabismus correction surgery, can effectively enhance postoperative vision-related quality of life and sleep quality. Moreover, it can maintain recovery outcomes and increase patient satisfaction. This approach holds clinical value and is worthy of wider promotion.

全眼球移植（Whole eye transplantation, WET）是治疗因外伤、肿瘤等导致眼球不可逆损伤及永久性失明的潜在终极手段。其核心不仅在于实现眼球解剖结构的完整移植，更关键的是实现功能性视觉恢复，关键挑战包括优化手术策略重建眼球血液循环，实现供体视神经与受体视觉中枢的神经连接，建立精准有效的免疫调控策略以平衡移植耐受与感染风险。本文系统梳理了WET领域的研究进展与发展挑战。早期研究以变温动物模型为主，这些模型在一定程度上证实了视觉通路在眼球移植后仍具有一定的可塑性，但由于其眼球结构与人类存在显著解剖差异，且实验设计中未涉及精细的血管与神经吻合，因而临床转化价值有限。随着显微血管技术的发展，哺乳动物模型及人眼球移植的初步探索在显微外科血管吻合技术方面取得重要突破，实现了移植眼球视网膜血液灌注的短期重建，但仍面临视神经再生障碍和功能维持难题。当前的研究瓶颈主要集中在三个方面：血液循环重建技术优化、神经轴突精准再生及免疫微环境调控。建立与人类接近的标准化非人灵长类动物模型，并开展系统性的实验研究，将为克服现有技术障碍、推动WET走向临床提供至关重要的实验依据和新思路。

Whole eye transplantation (WET) is a potential definitive treatment for irreversible ocular damage and permanent blindness caused by conditions like trauma or tumors. The success of WET depends not only on the complete anatomical restoration of the transplanted eye but, more critically, on the recovery of functional vision. Key challenges in this field include optimizing surgical strategies to re-establish ocular blood circulation, achieving functional neural integration between the donor optic nerve and the recipient's visual centers, and developing precise and effective immunomodulation strategies to strike a balance transplant tolerance and infection risk. This review provides a systematic review of the research progress and developmental challenges in the field of WET. Early studies primarily utilized poikilothermic animal models, which demonstrated a certain degree of plasticity in the visual pathway following transplantation. However, due to significant anatomical differences compared to humans and the lack of sophisticated vascular and neural anastomosis in experimental designs, their clinical translatability of these studies remained constrained. With the progress in microvascular techniques, preliminary explorations in mammalian models and human eye transplantation have achieved significant breakthroughs in microsurgical vascular anastomosis, enabling the short-term reestablishment of retinal blood perfusion in transplanted eyes. Nonetheless, perisitent obstacles include inadequate optic nerve regeneration and poor long-term functional maintenance. Currently, research bottlenecks mainly focus on three aspects: optimizing surgical techniques for blood circulation reconstruction, precisely regenerating nerve axons, and regulating the immune microenvironment. Establishing standardized non-human primate models that closely mimic humans and conducting systematic experimental studies will furnish crucial evidence and novel insights to overcome existing technical hurdles and propel WET toward clinical application.

目的：评估显微射频消融术治疗异位睫毛的临床疗效和安全性。方法：回顾性分析接受显微射频消融术治疗的18例异位睫毛患者资料，均采用美国Ellman公司Surgitron射频刀进行治疗，术后随访至少3个月。观察指标包括异位睫毛清除率、达到治愈所需治疗次数、并发症、患者满意度。采用Spearman等级相关分析评估患者基线特征与治疗次数的相关性。结果：共纳入18例患者30眼。显微射频消融术的术后即刻异位睫毛清除率达100%。5眼（16.7%）经单次治疗后达到治愈，11眼（36.7%）需要2次治疗达到治愈，13眼（43.3%）需要3次治疗达到治愈，1眼（3.3%）需要3次以上治疗达到治愈。主要并发症包括干眼13眼（43.3%）、睑缘炎症1眼（3.3%），未发现睑缘畸形、瘢痕等严重并发症。患者满意度调查显示非常满意16例（88.9%），基本满意2例（11.1%），总体满意度（非常满意+基本满意）达100%。相关性分析提示倒睫数量与达到治愈的治疗次数呈显著正相关（r_s=0.672, P=0.002）。结论：显微射频消融术治疗异位睫毛具有精确定位、有效破坏毛囊、治疗时间短、创伤小、恢复快、安全性高等优点，患者满意度高，是治疗异位睫毛的有效方法。

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of microscopic radiofrequency ablation in treating of distichiasis and aberrant lashes. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on 18 patients with trichiasis (distichiasis and aberrant lashes) who underwent microscopic radiofrequency ablation treatment. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 3 months after the operation. The outcome measures included trichiasis clearance rate, the number of treatment sessions  needed to achieve success, complications, and patient satisfaction. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the baseline characteristics of patients and the number of treatment sessions. Results: The study included 18 patients with a total of 30 eyes. Immediately after the operation,  the trichiasis clearance rate achieved through microscopic radiofrequency ablation was 100%. Among the eyes, 5 eyes (16.7%) were  successful treatment after just one session, 11 eyes (36.7%) required 2 treatment sessions, 13 eyes (43.3%) needed 3 treatment sessions, and 1 eye (3.3%) required more than 3 treatment sessions to achieve success. The major complications included dry eye in 13 cases (43.3%) and eyelid margin inflammation in 1 case (3.3%). Notably, no severe complications such as eyelid deformity or scarring were observed. According to the patient satisfaction survey, 16 cases (88.9%) reported being very satisfied, and 2 cases (11.1%) were basically satisfied, resulting in an overall satisfaction rate of 100%. The correlation analysis indicated that the number of trichiatic eyelashes was significantly positively correlated with the number of treatment sessions (r_s=0.672, P=0.002). Conclusions: Microscopic radiofrequency ablation for distichiasis and aberrant lashes treatment boasts serveral advantages, including precise localization, effective destruction of hair follicle, short treatment duration, minimal trauma, rapid recovery, and high safety. With a high level of  patient satisfaction, it serves as an effective treatment method for distichiasis and aberrant lashes.

目的：观察弱内向整流相关及花生四烯酸激活的弱内向整流相关双孔钾离子通道（tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying related-tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying related arachidonic acid activated two pore-domain potassium channels，TREK-TRAAK K2P）激活对氧化损伤的人视网膜色素上皮细胞（retinal pigment epithelial, RPE）吞噬功能的影响。方法：免疫荧光法检测TREK-1、TREK-2及TRAAK通道蛋白在人RPE细胞的表达，以不同时间和浓度梯度的叔丁基过氧化氢（tert-butyl hydroperoxide, t-BHP）诱导人RPE细胞氧化损伤。分对照组、t-BHP组、利鲁唑加t-BHP组，利鲁唑组，向各组加入2×107/mL的荧光微球或FITC标记猪感光细胞外节膜盘孵育6 h，固定染色后荧光显微镜拍照，Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件分析计算RPE细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数。结果：TREK-1、TREK-2、TREEK通道蛋白亚型在人RPE细胞质中均高表达。人RPE细胞在t-BHP干预后存活率呈浓度和时间依赖性，200 μmol/L t-BHP干预6 h与对照组存活率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），400μmol/L t-BHP干预6 h致半数死亡。特异性吞噬指数：t-BHP组低于其他各组（P＜0.001），而利鲁唑组高于对照组，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。特异性吞噬率：t-BHP组低于其他各组，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。非特异性吞噬指数：t-BHP组低于其他各组（P＜0.001）；非特异性吞噬率：t-BHP组低于利鲁唑加t-BHP组，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），两两比较，仅利鲁唑组高于t-BHP组（P＜0.05）。结论：激活TREK-TRAAK K2P通道可保护氧化损伤人RPE细胞的吞噬功能。  

Abstract Objective: To observe the effect of TREK-TRAAK K2P activation on the phagocytic function of oxidative damaged human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). Methods: Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of TREK-1, TREK-2 and TRAAK channel proteins in human RPE cells, and the RPE cell oxidative damage model was induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) at different time and concentration gradients. The study was divided into control group, t-BHP model group, riluzole plus t-BHP group, and riluzole group. 2×107/mL fluorescent microspheres or FITC-labeled porcine photoreceptor outer segment membrane discs were added to each group for 6h incubation, fluorescence photos were obtained after fixation and staining, and the phagocytosis rate and phagocytosis index of RPE cells was analyzed and calculated by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Results: TREK-1, TREK-2, and TREEK channel subtype proteins were all highly expressed in the human RPE cytoplasm. The survival rate of human RPE cells after t-BHP intervention was concentration- and time-dependent. There was no statistical difference in the survival rate between 200 μmol/L t-BHP intervention for 6 hours and the control group (P>0.05), and 400 μmol/L t-BHP intervention for 6 hours induced half death. Specific phagocytic index: The t-BHP group was lower than other groups (P<0.001). Specific phagocytosis rate: the t-BHP group was lower than other groups, with no statistical difference (P>0.05). Nonspecific phagocytic index: the t-BHP group was lower than other groups (P<0.001); nonspecific phagocytic rate: the t-BHP model group was lower than the riluzole plus t-BHP group, with no statistical difference (P>0.05), and only the riluzole group was higher than the t-BHP model group (P＜0.05) in pairwise comparison. Conclusions: Activation of TREK-TRAAK K2P can protect the phagocytic function of human RPE cells damaged by oxidative stress.