目的：研究基质金属蛋白酶-2（Matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-2）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（Matrix metalloproteinase-9, MMP-9）和血管内皮生长因子（Vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF）在视网膜母细胞瘤（Retinoblastoma, RB）中的表达及其与 RB 分化程度和视神经浸润的关系，探讨它们在 RB 浸润、转移过程中的作用和临床意义。

方法：采用免疫组化方法检测 40 例 RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的表达。

结果：40 例 RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的阳性表达率分别为 52.5%、57.5% 和 72.5%。未分化型 RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的阳性表达均高于分化型（P < 0.05）；有视神经浸润的 RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的阳性水平均高于无视神经浸润的 RB（P < 0.05）。RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的表达呈正相关关系（P < 0.05）。

结论：RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 高表达与 RB 的浸润和转移相关，且 MMP-2、MMP-9 表达与 VEGF 表达存在相关性。联合检测 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的表达可作为反映 RB 浸润、转移潜能的生物学指标，有助于筛选转移高危病例及评价患者预后。

Purpose: To study the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in retinoblastoma (RB) and its relationship with the differentiation and optic nerve infiltration of RB. And to investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and VEGF in the infiltration and metastasis of RB and their clinical significance.

Methods: Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the protein expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF in 40 RB cases.

Results: The MMP-2, MMP-9 protein and VEGF protein expression were detected as positive in 52.5%, 57.5% and 72.5% of 40 RB cases respectively. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF was significantly higher in the undifferentiated pattern than in the rosetted pattern (p < 0.05); and the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF was significantly higher in tumors with optic nerve invasion than in those without optic nerve invasion (p < 0.05). In RB, the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 had a positive correlation with the expression of VEGF.

Conclusions: In RB, high expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF is related to the invasion and metastasis of RB. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 is positively correlated with the expression of VEGF. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF may act as a biological marker for the invasion and metastasis of RB. The method may help screen and identify the cases with high risk for metastasis and to predict the prognosis of patients. 

目的：探讨正常成年 SD 大鼠的明视视网膜电图（Electroretinogram，ERG）特征。

方法：选取正常 9～12 周 SD 大鼠 60 只，使用罗兰视觉电生理仪记录大鼠右眼的明视闪光 ERG。使用 SPSS 统计分析 a 波、b 波和明视负波反应（Photopic negative response，PhNR）的隐含期和振幅。比较雄性和雌性 SD 大鼠明视 ERG 特征。

结果：每只 SD 大鼠均能记录到稳定的 a 波、b 波和 PhNR，其中 a 波的隐含期和 PhNR 的隐含期及振幅均符合正态分布，而其余指标均不符合正态分布。PhNR 的隐含期为 124.6±8.5 ms，其变异系数最小（0.07）。PhNR 的振幅为（11.3±4.2）μV，变异系数为 0.37。雄性和雌性 SD 大鼠明视 ERG 的各反应波之间无显著差异。

结论：在正常成年 SD 大鼠，明视闪光 ERG 是一项客观评价大鼠明视状态下视网膜功能的手段，PhNR 可以作为一项稳定的评价内层视网膜功能的指标。

Purpose: To study the characteristics of photopic flash electroretinogram (ERG) in normal adult SD rats.

Methods: Sixty normal adult SD rats aged 9 to 12 weeks old were enrolled in this study. Photopic flash ERG was recorded from these 60 SD rats. The results were analyzed with SPSS.

Results: Stable a, b and PhNR waves could be recorded in each rat. The implicit time of a wave, implicit time and amplitude of PhNR fit normal distribution. The implicit time of PhNR was (124.6 ± 8.5) ms with the smallest coefficient of variation of 0.07. The amplitude of PhNR was (11.3 ± 4.2) μV and the coefficient of variation was 0.37. There was no difference between the results of female and male rats.

Conclusion: Photopic flash ERG is an objective method in evaluating the retinal function in rats and PhNR can be used as a sensitive index of inner retinal function. 

目的：探讨基质金属蛋白酶-3(matrix metalloproteinases-3，MMP-3)基因多态位点与承德地区人群2型糖尿病视网膜病变的遗传易感性的关系。方法：应用病例对照研究方法，选取195例糖尿病视网膜病变患者(DR组)，其中非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy，NPDR)组(n=152)和增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy，PDR)组(n=43)，205例单纯糖尿病患者(DM组)和261例正常对照组(Control组)，采用限制性片段长度多态性(restrictive fragment length polymorphism，RFLP)-聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction，PCR)方法检测MMP-3的基因多态性。结果：MMP-3-1171 5A/6A的等位基因及基因型频率分布在Control组，DM组和DR组之间差异无显著性(P=0.474和P=0.407)。MMP-3-1171 5A/6A的等位基因及基因型频率分布在NPDR和PDR组之间差异无显著性(P=0.724和P=0.820)。结论：MMP-3-1171 5A/6A基因多态性与2型糖尿病视网膜病变的遗传易感性无关。

目的：探讨基质金属蛋白酶-3(matrix metalloproteinases-3，MMP-3)基因多态位点与承德地区人群2型糖尿病视网膜病变的遗传易感性的关系。方法：应用病例对照研究方法，选取195例糖尿病视网膜病变患者(DR组)，其中非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy，NPDR)组(n=152)和增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy，PDR)组(n=43)，205例单纯糖尿病患者(DM组)和261例正常对照组(Control组)，采用限制性片段长度多态性(restrictive fragment length polymorphism，RFLP)-聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction，PCR)方法检测MMP-3的基因多态性。结果：MMP-3-1171 5A/6A的等位基因及基因型频率分布在Control组，DM组和DR组之间差异无显著性(P=0.474和P=0.407)。MMP-3-1171 5A/6A的等位基因及基因型频率分布在NPDR和PDR组之间差异无显著性(P=0.724和P=0.820)。结论：MMP-3-1171 5A/6A基因多态性与2型糖尿病视网膜病变的遗传易感性无关。

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the health literacy of adult Vietnamese population in relation to common eye conditions and identify factors associated with respondents never having had an eye examination.

Methods: Four hundred households from two districts of Ba Ria-Vung Tau (BRVT) province were selected by multistage cluster random sampling. One adult from each household was administered a pre-tested knowledge, attitude and practices toward eye health questionnaire. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.

Results: Of the 400 subjects interviewed (mean age: 51.5±14.5 years; range, 30–90 years), 53.5% reported never having had an eye examination and 38.0% had spectacles. Awareness of eye conditions ranged from 7.0% for glaucoma to 52.8% for red eye. Low awareness of these conditions was significantly associated with rural habitation (odds ratio ranged from 1.65 to 2.78), lower educational attainment (odds ratio ranged from 1.78 to 2.59) and non-spectacle wear (odds ratio ranged from 1.88 to 4.55). Significant barriers to eye examination included lower educational attainment, reported absence of eye problems, non-spectacle wear, lack of affordability, and lack of health insurance.

Conclusions: Knowledge of and attitude or practices to eye health is low within the general public in Vietnam, especially among those who have never had an eye examination, are less educated and live in rural areas. Eye health promotion activities are warranted for the population and speciff c factors that influence eye examination visits should be addressed.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the health literacy of adult Vietnamese population in relation to common eye conditions and identify factors associated with respondents never having had an eye examination.

Methods: Four hundred households from two districts of Ba Ria-Vung Tau (BRVT) province were selected by multistage cluster random sampling. One adult from each household was administered a pre-tested knowledge, attitude and practices toward eye health questionnaire. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.

Results: Of the 400 subjects interviewed (mean age: 51.5±14.5 years; range, 30–90 years), 53.5% reported never having had an eye examination and 38.0% had spectacles. Awareness of eye conditions ranged from 7.0% for glaucoma to 52.8% for red eye. Low awareness of these conditions was significantly associated with rural habitation (odds ratio ranged from 1.65 to 2.78), lower educational attainment (odds ratio ranged from 1.78 to 2.59) and non-spectacle wear (odds ratio ranged from 1.88 to 4.55). Significant barriers to eye examination included lower educational attainment, reported absence of eye problems, non-spectacle wear, lack of affordability, and lack of health insurance.

Conclusions: Knowledge of and attitude or practices to eye health is low within the general public in Vietnam, especially among those who have never had an eye examination, are less educated and live in rural areas. Eye health promotion activities are warranted for the population and speciff c factors that influence eye examination visits should be addressed.

Background: To find the changes of macular perimetry (MP) and the correlations between MP and best correct visual acuity (BCVA) in different phases of the acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: Twenty-one eyes with acute CSC and their fellow eyes were analysed retrospectively. MP at 2°, 4° and BCVA in the active and resolved phase were collected and analyzed. The differences of these parameters in CSC eyes and fellow eyes were analyzed. Spearman correlation was used for analysis of correlation between MP and BCVA.

Results: From 29 eyes with CSC analysed 27eyes (93.10%) recovered to the previous VA. Compared with the active phase, MP at 2°, 4° and BCVA were significantly improved in the resolved phase(P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, respectively). MP at 2°, 4° and BCVA of CSC eyes were significantly poor compared with the fellow eyes in the active phase (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, respectively). In the resolved phase there was no significant difference between the CSC eyes and fellow eyes (P=0.339, 0.141, 0.161, respectively). BCVA was shown to significantly correlate with MP at 2° in the active phase (ρ=–0.630, P<0.001).

Conclusions: The acute CSC often had a good prognosis both in BCVA and MP. MP can provide an additional objective parameter to evaluate the retinal function changes at macula of acute CSC. 

Background: To find the changes of macular perimetry (MP) and the correlations between MP and best correct visual acuity (BCVA) in different phases of the acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: Twenty-one eyes with acute CSC and their fellow eyes were analysed retrospectively. MP at 2°, 4° and BCVA in the active and resolved phase were collected and analyzed. The differences of these parameters in CSC eyes and fellow eyes were analyzed. Spearman correlation was used for analysis of correlation between MP and BCVA.

Results: From 29 eyes with CSC analysed 27eyes (93.10%) recovered to the previous VA. Compared with the active phase, MP at 2°, 4° and BCVA were significantly improved in the resolved phase(P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, respectively). MP at 2°, 4° and BCVA of CSC eyes were significantly poor compared with the fellow eyes in the active phase (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, respectively). In the resolved phase there was no significant difference between the CSC eyes and fellow eyes (P=0.339, 0.141, 0.161, respectively). BCVA was shown to significantly correlate with MP at 2° in the active phase (ρ=–0.630, P<0.001).

Conclusions: The acute CSC often had a good prognosis both in BCVA and MP. MP can provide an additional objective parameter to evaluate the retinal function changes at macula of acute CSC.