Objective: To explore the effect of scanning signal intensity on the peripapillary vessel density measured by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: This study was a single-center cross-sectional study. All the participants received comprehensive examinations including height, weight, blood pressure, intraocular pressure, axial length, and OCTA scan of the optic disc. The effect of OCTA scanning signal intensity on the peripapillary vessel density was analyzed using the generalized estimation equation. Results: A total of 186 participants with 359 eyes were included in this study. The mean age of all the participants was (47.86±17.86) years old, and the average peripapillary vessel density was (17.75±1.99) mm?1. In a univariate analysis, peripapillary vessel density was associated with the axial length (β=?0.5120, P<0.001) and the scanning signal intensity (β=1.0240, P<0.001). After adjusting for age, gender, axial length, and optic disc area in the multivariate analysis, the OCTA scanning signal intensity was still significantly associated with the peripapillary vessel density (β=0.9721, P<0.001). Conclusion: The peripapillary vessel density is significantly negatively associated with the axial length and optic disc area, significantly positively associated with the scanning signal intensity. In clinical practice, the influence needs to be considered.

Objective: To observe and analyze the disease related factors of different types of macular hole. Methods: Clinical data including age, sex, ethnicity, best corrected visual acuity, macular hole type and whether accompanied by rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were retrospectively analyzed in 1 150 patients (1 202 eyes) hospitalized in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2018. Results: The number of patients with macular hole increased with age. There was statistically significant difference between male and female patients (P<0.05), and no statistically significant difference between eyes (P>0.05). The rate of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment caused by idiopathic macular hole was significantly lower than other types. The optimal corrected visual acuity of idiopathic macular hole was higher in admission, which was statistically different from that of high myopia macular hole and ametropia macular hole (P<0.05). Conclusion: Macular hole is more common in the elderly and more common in women. High myopia and ametropia macular hole are easily associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, so surgical treatment should be arranged as soon as possible. Traumatic macular hole often occurs in young and middle-aged men and is often seen in blunt contusion of the eyeball. Each case of macular hole may have its particularity, which requires careful analysis of the condition, comprehensive analysis, and appropriate choice of observation or surgery.

Patients with neuropathic corneal pain (NCP) have local and physical symptoms, but the clinical signs are atypical, and the treatment is not effect. With the improvement of standardization of diagnosis and treatment of dry eye, the number of patients with NCP has been increasing. The NCP is intertwined with systemic chronic pain syndrome. Corneal confocal microscope and in vivo blot cytology can find the signs of morphology and associated proteins variation. The treatments of NCP should be based on the principle of individualized, multidisciplinary treatment (MDT). This article reviews recent advances in the etiology, pathogenesis, and comprehensive treatment of NCP to guide clinical translational medicine research.

The efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the treatment of macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) have been widely confirmed. However, there is no unified standard for anti-VEGF treatment regimens. Current treatment regimens mainly include fixed treatment regimen, pro re nata (PRN) treatment regimen, stabilization criteria-driven PRN treatment regimen, and treat and extend (T&E) regimen. In recent years, many studies have compared different treatment regimens in composite dimensions, including improving visual function, assessing disease activity quantitatively and adjusting the follow-up frequency, to provide clinicians with a reference of choosing anti-VEGF treatment regimens. The purpose of this article is to review and summarize recent researches on anti-VEGF drugs in the treatment of ME secondary to RVO, and to clarify the research progress in the anti-VEGF treatment regimens.

Exposure keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea that occurs when the cornea loses the protection of the eyelid and is exposed to air, resulting in dryness, epithelial exfoliation, and secondary infection. Most of them are found in eyelid defect, protopsis, eyelid ectropion, facial palsy, and anesthesia. Loss of tears, lagophthalmos and exposed ocular surface all affect the health of the cornea, putting it at risk of inflammation, ulceration, and perforation. The purpose of treatment is to remove exposure factors, protect the corneal epithelium and keep ocular surface moist. Currently, the commonly used treatments are surgical treatment and medical treatment, and some of them are temporary while others are permanent.

Keratoconus is a common disease in ophthalmology and treatment is mainly based on etiology. Untreated corneal diseases can develop into corneal clouding, corneal macula, corneal leukoplakia or even loss of vision. This is a special case of a patient who underwent autologous penetrating keratoplasty (APK) in our hospital for low vision due to traumatic formation of corneal leukoplakia.

Objective: To explore the application effect of job demand-oriented training model in specialized training of sterile supplying for nurses in the ophthalmic operation room. Methods: A total of 44 nurses who would work in the operating room were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=23) and control group (n=21). Based on the three industrial standards of Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) and the technical specifications of disinfection in hospital, and targeting the job requirements of operating room nursing, the experimental group formulates specific training contents and adopts various training methods. The experimental group was transferred to the operating room after being trained in CSSD for 3 months and passing the examination. The control group was transferred directly to the operating room. The degree of satisfaction from the teachers of operating room to new nurses was used as the evaluation index. Results: All the 23 students passed the examination of theoretical knowledge and technical operation, and the small lectures were completed successfully. The degree of satisfaction from teachers in operating room to trainees was obviously higher than that of untrained nurses. Conclusion: The establishment of job demand-oriented training model in specialized training of sterile supplying for nurses in ophthalmic operation room is helpful to improve the work adaptability of the newly-hired nurses in the operation room. It also helps the nurses in the operation room to enhance the management ability on the specialized instruments.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between NO2 levels in air pollutants and dry eye. Methods: The clinical data of 75 279 patients with dry eye from January 2014 to January 2018 were selected and summarized. The air quality and weather data were from the daily ambient air quality data of Xi’an Meteorological Bureau from 2014 to 2018. Environmental air pollutants NO2 was included in the analysis. All data were collected on an hourly basis. We calculated the daily average for each variable and then calculated the weekly average used in this study. All patients in this study volunteered to participate. , and this study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Results: We found that the number of outpatient visits for dry eye was significantly correlated with NO2 levels. Our study found that people of different ages were affected by different parameter changes. The concentration of NO2 in the environment was significantly correlated with dry eyes in all age groups, and is not selective for gender. Both men and women could develop dry eyes due to different levels of NO2 in the environment. Our results showed that higher levels of environmental NO2 increased the chances of dry eyes in outpatients. By analyzing the correlation between the cumulative number of patients and the NO? concentration in the environment, we found that the correlation was significant. Therefore, ambient air pollution and weather changes may lead to the deterioration of dry eye. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between atmospheric pollutant NO2 and dry eye disease.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in tears and the severity of dry eye. Methods: Sixty patients with dry eye were selected and investigated with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and ophthalmic examination, including tear film break-up time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining score (CFLS) and tear secretion test (Schirmer I test). The level of PGE2 in tears was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationship between the level of PGE2 in tears and related indexes of dry eye clinical symptoms was analyzed. Results: The average level of PGE2 in tears of patients with dry eye was (446.39±139.34) pg/mL. The level of PGE2 in tears of patients with dry eye was positively correlated with the OSDI score (r=0.458, P<0.001). PGE2 levels were not significantly correlated with BUT (r=0.164, P=0.354), Schirmer I score (r=?0.076, P=0.460), and CFLS score (r=0.265, P=0.086). Linear regression analysis showed that the level of PGE2 in tears was positively correlated with OSDI score (95% CI: 7.04–20.18, t=4.01, P<0.001). Conclusion: The level of PGE2 in tears is positively correlated with OSDI score, but has no significant correlation with BUT, the CFLS score and Schirmer I test.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of intense pulse light (IPL) on MGD dry eye. Methods: A totaly of 64 patients (64 right eyes) with MGD dry eye from October 2019 to December 2019 in ophthalmology clinic of Dongguan Southeast Central Hospital were collected and randomly divided into control group (n=32) and observation group (n=32). The control group was treated with meibomian gland massage combined with conventional medicine, while the observation group was treated with IPL combined with meibomian gland massage and conventional medicine. The treatment course of both groups was 6 weeks. The changes of dry eye symptoms, physical signs and meibomian gland function were observed before and after treatment in both groups. Results: The dry eye symptoms, physical signs and meibomian gland function of the two groups after treatment were significantly improved compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), the difference was statistically significant. The improvement of dry eye symptoms, physical signs and meibomian gland function in observation group were better than those in the control group two and four weeks after treatment (P<0.05), and the difference was statistically significant, while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups 6 weeks after treatment (P>0.05). The effective rate in observation group was 87.5% (28/32) after 6 weeks of treatment, while that in control group was 75% (24/32), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.021). No adverse reactions occurred in both groups during the treatment. Conclusion: IPL combined with meibomian gland massage can effectively reduce the ocular discomfort and improve the function of meibomian gland in MGD dry eye, which is faster and more effective than meibomian gland massage alone.