Background: Type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV3) is an important subtype of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Previously, we established an advanced MNV3-like mouse model by knocking out the Vhl, Rb1, and p107 genes in the retinal progenitors (Rb1/p107/Vhl TKO model). This study aims to investigate the role of p107 protein (also called Rb transcriptional corepressor like 1) on retinal blood vessels and its role in the TKO MNV3-like model. Methods: By breeding the retinal-specific alpha-Cre mice with Vhl floxed mice and p107-/- mice, we got VhlKO, p107KO, and p107/Vhl DKO mice. Wholemount retinal IB4 staining and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were performed to evaluate the retinal vascular vessels. Immunofluorescence staining studied retinal cell types, cell proliferation, and cell death. RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP), and dual luciferase reporter assay were also performed to study the retinal transcriptome, the binding of p107 protein to the promoter region of Hif target genes, and the effect of the p107 protein on the transcriptional activity of the Hif target genes. Results: p107/Vhl DKO mice have delayed regression of hyaloid vessels, retinal degeneration, and retinal neovascularization. The p107 protein significantly inhibits the Hif pathway activity in VhlKO retinas. It can also bind to the promoter regions and suppress the transcriptional activity of several Hif target genes, including Vegfa, Kdr, and Tek. Conclusions: The p107 protein inhibits angiogenesis in the VhlKO retina, as it can bind and inhibit Hif target genes related to retinal angiogenesis.

Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of discharge readiness of patients after glaucoma surgery in the context of DRG payment. Methods A total of 245 patients discharged from glaucoma after surgery were investigated using the General Information Questionnaire, the Discharge Readiness Scale (RHDS), the Discharge Guidance Quality Scale (QDTS) and the Social Support Scale (SSRS). Results The total RHDS score of patients after glaucoma surgery was (90.03±9.28), and the results of regression analysis showed that six variables, including age, education level, length of hospitalization, visual impairment, social support, and quality of discharge guidance, entered the regression equation, which could explain 71.9% of the total variability. Conclusion Under the background of DRG payment model, the degree of discharge readiness of patients after glaucoma surgery is moderate. Although the quality of discharge guidance is high, there is a certain gap between the depth and breadth of health education content and the actual needs of patients. Therefore, medical staff should further strengthen the assessment of patients' discharge readiness, understand their discharge needs, and provide individualized discharge health education and intervention measures according to age, education level, length of hospitalization, visual impairment, and social support, so as to effectively improve patients' discharge readiness.

Background：Statins are ideal for the prevention and treatment of eye disease; however, studies have been mixed on the association between statin therapy and eye disease. We therefore used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the effect of statins on eye conditions.Methods：Using the UK Biobank and finge databases, we investigated the causal relationship between statins and six major eye diseases. Statistical methods such as inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median (WM), weighted model multivariate analysis and MR-Egger regression were used to analyze the data.Results：Based on IVW analysis, there were three pairs of positive results with significant ( P < 0.05 ) causal relationship, including atorvastatin and drug-induced cataract ( OR = 1.65E-05,95 % CI 2.24E-09-0.121246 ; pIVW = 0.015332 ), Rosuvastatin and drug-induced cataract ( OR = 2.77E-18,95 % CI7.53E-35-0.101642 ; pIVW = 0.037757 ) and fluvastatin with senile cataract ( OR = 0.498384,95 % CI0.251803-0.986433 ; pIVW = 0.045585 ). No significant causal relationship was observed between other types of statins and eye diseases. Conclusion： Our study finally verified the strong causal relationship between three drugs and two diseases ( atorvastatin and rosuvastatin and drug cataract, fluvastatin and senile cataract ). This study confirms that statins may reduce the risk of certain eye diseases and provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of eye diseases.

Aims: This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide (CO?) laser treatment for divided nevus of the eyelid. Methods: This retrospective study included 10 patients (5 males, 5 females) with a mean age of 23.7 years (9-54 years). All underwent ultrapulse CO? laser excision and were followed up for 12 months. Treatment outcomes were assessed through clearance rates and recurrence, evaluated using digital photography. Complications and patients’ satisfaction were also assessed. Results: All patients presented with unilateral divided nevus of the eyelid, with lesion diameters ranging from 25 to 50 mm and heights ranging from 0.3 to 6 mm (mean: 3.93 mm). At the 12-month follow-up, the clearance rate was 100%, with no recurrence observed. Postoperative complications were minimal, with partial eyelash loss, hyperpigmentation, and only one case of mild upper eyelid trichiasis. Patients reported high satisfaction with both functional and cosmetic outcomes. Conclusion: CO? laser excision offers a simple, precise, and effective treatment approach for divided nevus of the eyelid. This modality simplifies the treatment process, achieves excellent cosmetic outcomes, and eliminates the need for skin grafting, making it a promising option for the management of large divided nevus.

Objective To compare the uncorrected visual acuity（UCVA）(logMAR) and self-reported symptoms within 24 h after SMILE and FS-LASIK, and to investigate the early postoperative recovery of the two surgical modalities. Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 160 eyes of 89 patients undergoing SMILE or FS-LASIK to correct myopia were included in the Refractive Surgery Department of Yinhai Eye Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, from November 01, 2022 to December 31, 2022. The patients were divided into SMILE group (57 cases, 101 eyes) and FS-LASIK group (32 cases, 59 eyes) according to their personal choice, physician's recommendation and preoperative examination results.The UCVA and self-reported symptoms were compared between the two groups at 1h, 2h, 4h, and 24h postoperatively, respectively. UCVA was measured using a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and recorded in decimals, which was converted to logMAR when analyzed.Postoperative self-reported symptom indicators include ocular pain, dryness, photophobia, and tearing. Patients self-evaluate and score their eye pain, dryness, photophobia, and tearing based on their actual sensations, with scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The scoring criteria refer to the Guiding Principles for Clinical Research of New Chinese Medicines [1]. the collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS26.0 Results From 1 hour to 24 hours postoperatively, the UCVA of both groups improved steadily. At 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours postoperatively, the FS-LASIK group demonstrated superior UCVA recovery compared to the SMILE group (P < 0.05). However, at 24 hours postoperatively, there was no significant difference in UCVA between the two groups. When comparing the subjective symptom scores, the FS-LASIK group had significantly higher total scores for subjective symptoms in the operated eye at 2 hours, 4 hours, and 24 hours postoperatively compared to the SMILE group (P < 0.05). Within 24 hours postoperatively, the FS-LASIK group had higher pain scores at all time points. There was no statistically significant difference in dryness scores between the two groups at any time point within 24 hours postoperatively. The photophobia and tearing scores in the operated eyes showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups at 2 hours and 4 hours postoperatively (P < 0.05), with the FS-LASIK group experiencing more pronounced symptoms of photophobia and tearing. Conclusions Within 4 hours postoperatively, patients who underwent FS-LASIK had a better recovery of UCVA compared to those who underwent SMILE. However, at 24 hours postoperatively, there was no significant difference in UCVA between the two groups.Moreover,,the SMILE group experienced less severe self-reported symptoms compared to the FS-LASIK group.

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) methods to explore bidirectional causal relationships between outdoor activities and myopia.Methods: Large-scale cohort study data from the UK Biobank were utilized, selecting independent genetic loci associated with outdoor activities and myopia within the European ancestry population as instrumental variables. The outdoor activities GWAS data included 419,314 individuals of European descent, while the myopia GWAS data comprised 460,536 individuals, including 37,362 myopia cases and 423,174 controls. MR analyses were conducted using inverse variance-weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR Egger methods, employing the odds ratio as the effect measure to thoroughly investigate bidirectional causal connections. Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR PRESSO) detection method were employed to eliminate SNP outliers. Cochran's Q test, within MR Egger and IVW methods, was utilized to assess heterogeneity among individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). MR Egger intercept testing assessed potential pleiotropy, and sensitivity analysis using the "leave-one-out" method examined the influence of individual SNPs on overall results.Results: IVW analysis demonstrated that outdoor activities significantly reduce the risk of myopia (OR = 0.934, 95% CI: 0.922–0.948, P < 0.001). Reverse Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a non-significant lower propensity for myopic individuals to engage in outdoor activities (OR = 0.925, 95% CI: 0.777–1.103, P = 0.387). Cochran's Q test, MR PRESSO, and MR Egger intercept tests in bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis all indicated no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy issues among the selected instrumental variables. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis using the "leave-one-out" method confirmed that individual SNPs did not significantly impact the overall results.Conclusion: Outdoor activities significantly reduce the risk of myopia.

Objective: To explore the effects of Baduanjin on blood glucose metabolism and sleep quality in patients with diabetic retinopathy.Methods: A total of 140 patients with diabetic retinopathy in the ophthalmology Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College from February 2023 to February 2024 were selected. Patients with diabetic retinopathy admitted from February to August 2023 were included in the control group (n=70), and patients with diabetic retinopathy admitted from September 2023 to February 2024 were included in the experimental group (n=70).The control group was given routine treatment and nursing, and the experimental group was instructed to perform Baduanjin exercise on the basis of routine treatment and nursing. Fasting blood glucose,2h postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,sleep quality scores and visual function quality of life score were compared between the two groups after intervention.Results: Fasting blood glucose, 2h postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, sleep quality score and visual function quality of life score of DR Patients in experimental group after intervention were decreased compared with those before intervention（P＜0.05）,and were lower than those in control group, with statistical significance（P＜0.05）.The incidence of sleep disorders in DR Patients in experimental group after intervention (21.4%) was lower than that before intervention (44.3%)（P＜0.05）,and lower than that in control group (32.9%),the difference was statistically significant（P＜0.05）.Conclusion: Aerobic combined anti-resistance exercise can improve the debilitation of DR Patients and promote the metabolism of glucose and lipid, which has a certain clinical promotion value. Conclusion: Baduanjin exercise can promote blood glucose metabolism, improve sleep quality and visual function quality of life of patients with DR, and has certain clinical promotion value.

The increase of pulmonary artery pressure will not only lead to pathological changes of cardiovascular system, but also cause pathophysiological changes of other organs. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH)-related ocular complications have been reported to include: uveal leak syndrome, central serous chorioretinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, secondary glaucoma, transient myopia, etc., which can lead to varying degrees of vision loss and seriously affect the quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the changes in the eye tissues of patients with PH as early as possible, and early treatment can be used to preserve vision.

In order to meet the postoperative needs of patients undergoing retinal surgery, a specialized rehabilitation pillow for ophthalmology has been invented. Its structure mainly consists of a positioning pad and a supporting pad. The supporting pad is connected to the positioning pad through rotation to form a structure resembling a "?" shape, facilitating patients to maintain a prone position facing downwards. By rotating the supporting pad beneath the positioning pad, it forms a structure resembling a "C" shape, allowing patients to change to a seated position facing downwards to alleviate discomfort. This specialized rehabilitation pillow for ophthalmology is ingeniously designed with comprehensive functionality, effectively meeting the postoperative needs of retinal surgery patients for pillow use, thereby enhancing the success rate of surgery and improving patient outcomes.

Objective This study aims to introduce the LRC Stepwise Collaborative Learning Model, a novel teaching approach designed to improve clinical thinking skills in ophthalmology training. Methods The LRC Model integrates three daily teaching activities: Lectures, Rounds, and Case discussions. It employs a progressive, modular teaching approach to enhance educational quality and resident satisfaction. From April 2023 to January 2024, 47 ophthalmology residents underwent training using the LRC Model (experimental group). Their educational outcomes were quantitatively analyzed. Results The LRC Stepwise Collaborative Learning Model improved average resident scores from pre-training [(48.08±5.67) points] to post-training [(92.31±7.10) points], with a statistical significance (P<0.01). Questionnaire results indicated high satisfaction among residents for lectures [(19.65±1.09) points], rounds [(19.35±1.55) points], and case discussions [(19.00±1.76) points]. Conclusion The LRC Stepwise Collaborative Learning Model, as a new training system for residency education, has been recognized by ophthalmology residents. It facilitates the overall improvement of clinical thinking, contributes to competency development, and provides valuable insights for future teaching model designs.