眼黄斑囊样水肿(cystoid macular edema,CME)是白蛋白结合型紫杉醇的罕见并发症。该文报告了一例60岁女性患者，在右侧乳腺癌根治术后进行为期7周的白蛋白结合型紫杉醇化学治疗，治疗过程中出现双眼视力下降，经眼科检查诊断为由白蛋白结合型紫杉醇引起的双眼CME。确诊后即刻停用白蛋白结合型紫杉醇，并采用口服乙酰唑胺治疗。经随访，患者停药20个月时双眼CME基本消失，同时双眼矫正视力恢复至1.0。该病例为化学治疗药物引起的CME，机制可能与紫杉烷类药物对Müller细胞和视网膜色素上皮层产生毒性作用有关。值得注意的是，其典型的特征表现为荧光素眼底血管造影未见明显的荧光渗漏。文章回顾了该病例的病程发展，并对其他文献中报道的白蛋白结合型紫杉醇诱导的CME病例的临床特点及诊疗进行了总结。同时，对白蛋白结合型紫杉醇诱导CME的潜在发病机制进行了讨论，旨在为眼科医生提供早期诊断和治疗此类疾病的思路。
Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a rare complication of nab-paclitaxel.. In our article, it is reported a case of a 60-year old woman who had undergone nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy for 7 weeks after a radical surgery for breast cancer.During the treatment, she reported vision declined, and was diagnosed as CME caused by nab-paclitaxel through ophthalmic examinations. The nab-paclitaxel was immediately discontinued after the diagnosis, and the patient was treated with oral acetazolamide instead. In the follow up visit, after stopping nab-paclitaxel for 20 months, CME was found to disappear basically, and the corrected visual acuity was restored to 1.0 in patient's both eyes. his case is CME caused by chemotherapy drugs. Its mechanism may be related to toxic effects of paclitaxel to Müller cells and the retinal pigment epithelial layer. Notably, its typical feature is that there is no obvious fluorescence leakage could be observed on fundus fluorescein angiography. In the article, the course and development of this case is reviewed, and the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of nab-paclitaxel induced CME cases reported in other literature are also summarized. At the same time, the potential the potential pathogenesis of nab-paclitaxel-induced CME is discussed, to provide reference to ophthalmologists for early diagnosis and treatment for this disease.
人工晶状体混浊是白内障术后较为少见的并发症，患者多于手术后数月或数年因不明原因视力下降或视朦就诊。本文报道一例73岁女性患者，在同一时期双眼先后植入同一型号亲水性丙烯酸酯人工晶状体，术后6年右眼人工晶状体完全混浊，而左眼人工晶状体仍为完全透明状态。两眼的临床眼部体征、眼前节光学相干断层成像(optic coherence tomography,OCT)、超声生物显微镜检查(ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM)等检查结果均有明显差异，人工晶状体混浊眼通过手术治疗后视力恢复满意。文章详细记录了该例患者术前的相关资料、手术治疗以及手术取出人工晶状体的检查结果，并进行了分析讨论，供专家同行参阅，为该类患者的诊疗提供参考。
Intraocular lens opacity is a relatively rare complication after cataract surgery. Many patients seek medical service serveral months or years after surgery, due to unexplained visual impairment or blurred vision. A case is reported in this article that a 73-year-old female patient who was implanted the same type of hydrophilic acrylate intraocular lens in both eyes during the same period. After 6 years of surgery, the right intraocular lens was completely cloudy, while the left intraocular lens remained completely transparent. Significant differences were found in two eyes clinical symptoms,optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) examination results. After surgical treatment, the vision of eye with intraocular lens opacity has recovered satisfactorily. In the article, the detailed record of the patient's preoperative relevant information, surgical treatment, and examination results of removing the intraocular lens were stated. The analysis and discussion results were also indicated to provide reference on the diagnosis and treatment of this type of patient for experts and colleagues.
Terson综合征又称蛛网膜下腔出血合并玻璃体积血综合征，是一种较为罕见的眼科疾病。患者多因颅内出血而存在意识障碍，沟通困难，极易漏诊，错过最佳治疗时机。该文报道了一例30岁男性患者，因弥漫蛛网膜下腔出血，突发昏迷，于发病1个月后出现双眼视物模糊，最终确诊为双眼Terson综合征，并行双眼玻璃体切割术及右眼视网膜前膜剥膜术治疗。术后54 d，患者左眼视力由指数/5 cm恢复至矫正视力0.3。术后19 d，患者右眼视力由手动/20 cm恢复至矫正视力0.12。
Terson syndrome, which is also defned as subarachnoid hemorrhage combined with vitreous hemorrhage syndrome, is a relatively rareeye disease. Due to intracranial hemorrhage, patients with this disease usually experience consciousness disorders and communication difculties, so that it is easy to to miss the diagnosis and the optimal time for treatment. This article reports a case of a 30-year-old male patient with sudden coma due to diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage. He felt blurred in both eyes 1 month afer the onset, and was diagnosed as binocular terson syndrome ultimately. He underwent bilateral vitrectomy and anterior retinal membrane detachment surgery in the right eye. Te patient visual acuity was restored from fnger count/5cm to 0.3 corrected visual acuity in the lef eye when 54 days afer surgery, and his visual acuity was from manual/20 cm to 0.12 corrected visual acuity in the right eye when 19 days afer surgery.
微RNA-26b(microRNA-26b,miR-26b)是miR-26家族中的一员，作为基因表达调控因子，在细胞代谢、增殖、分化、凋亡、自噬、侵袭、转移等生物学过程中均发挥着重要的调控作用。近年来，随着对miR-26b研究的深入，研究者认识到miR-26b稳定存在于角膜、结膜上皮、晶状体、睫状体、小梁网、房水、玻璃体和视网膜等眼部组织中，且有越来越多的研究证实miR-26b在眼科疾病，例如翼状胬肉、白内障、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变、增生型糖尿病视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性等疾病的发生和发展中有着重要的调控作用。该文对近年miR-26b在眼科疾病方面的研究进行了综述，为探讨miR-26b在眼科疾病中发挥作用过程中的分子机制提供理论基础。
MicroRNA-26b (miR-26b) is a member of the miRNA-26 family. As a gene expression regulator, it plays an important regulatory role in biological processes such as cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy,invasion and metastasis. In recent years, with the in-depth study on miR-26b, researchers found that miR-26b stably exists in the cornea, conjunctival epithelium, lens, ciliary body, trabecular meshwork, aqueous humor, vitreous, retina and other ocular tissues. More study results confirmed that miR-26b acted on eye diseases, and played an important regulatory role in diseases occurrence and development, such as pterygium, cataract, proliferative vitreo retinopathy,proliferative diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, etc. This article reviews the research progress of miR-26b in eye diseases recently, to provide a theoretical basis on molecular mechanisms involving in the role of miR-26b in eye diseases.
青光眼是全球首位不可逆性致盲眼病，该疾病与进行性视网膜神经节细胞凋亡相关，大多数患者在视功能改变之前视盘结构已经发生改变，检测视盘R结构改变对于早期青光眼的诊断至关重要。近几年新视盘参数Bruch膜开口-最小盘沿宽度(Bruch's membrane opening minimum rim width,BMO-MRW)在临床上应用越来越广泛，成为目前临床研究的一个热点参数。众所周知视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)具有很好的青光眼诊断能力，很多研究表明BMO-MRW与RNFL具有相似的诊断性能，并在近视性、异常视盘等一些视盘结构不清晰的青光眼中，BMO-MRW的诊断能力优于RNFL，该参数在监测青光眼病情变化方面也起到一定作用。也有研究表明该参数对青光眼术后随访的应用可能受到一定限制。该文对BMO-MRW在开角型青光眼的诊断及随访中的临床应用加以综述，供临床同道参考。
Glaucoma is the leading cause for irreversible blindness in the world, which is associated with progressive retinal ganglion cell apoptosis. The changes in optic disc structure have been found before visual function variation in many patients. Detecting changes in the structure of the optic disc R is crucial for the diagnosis of early glaucoma. Recently, a new optic disc parameter, Bruce's membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) , has been increasingly widely used in clinical practice and become a popular parameter in current clinical research. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL)is an important diagnostic indicator for glaucoma. Many studies indicated that BMO-MRW and RNFL have similar diagnostic performance. In some glaucoma cases with unclear optic disc structure, such as myopia and abnormal optic disc, BMO-MRW provides better diagnostic parameter than RNFL does. It also plays a role in monitoring the changes of glaucoma. Some studies also stated the limitation of the application of this parameter in glaucoma postoperative follow-up. This artice reviews the clinical application of BMO-MRW in diagnosis and follow-up of open-angle glaucoma,providing reference for clinical practicers.
超声睫状体成形术(ultrasound cyclo-plasty,UCP)，是一种新型的睫状体治疗手术，目前已应用于治疗不同类型的青光眼。UCP通过微型高强度聚焦超声(high-intensity focused ultrasounds,HIFU)设备，高度选择性作用于睫状体，实现温和可控、稳定的降眼压(intraocular pressure,IOP)效果。相较于传统的睫状体破坏手术，UCP具有操作简单、耗时短、可重复性高及安全性高的特点。该文从UCP的由来、结构特点、作用机制、疗效、特点及安全性对UCP治疗不同类型青光眼的研究进展进行综述。
Ultrasound cyclo-plasty (UCP) is a novel technique for ciliary body surgery, which has been applied to treat different types of glaucoma. UCP works on the cilary body highly and selectively with the micro high-intensity focused ultrasounds (HIFU) to achieve a mild, controllable, and stable intraocular pressure(IOP) effect. Compared with the traditional ciliary body destruction surgery, UCP is simple operation, efficiency, high repeatability, and high safety.This article reviews the research progress in the UCP treating various types of glaucoma, from its origin, structural characteristics, mechanism, efficacy, characteristics, and safety.
局限性脉络膜凹陷(focal choroidal excavation,FCE)是表现为光感受器细胞层、视网膜色素上皮层向脉络膜层凹陷的眼底病变。发病机制多认为是先天脉络膜发育异常、炎症或感染。基于光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)，可将FCE从光感受器尖端与视网膜色素上皮层是否分离、形态特征或中央脉络膜厚度三种方式对其进行分类。FCE常合并脉络膜新生血管等疾病。该文对FCE的临床研究现状做一综述。
Focal choroidal excavation (FCE) is a retinopathy, expressing with a depression in photoreceptor cell layer and retinal pigment layer towards the choroidal layer. The pathogenesis is recongized as congenital choroidal developmental abnormalities, inflammation, or infection. Based on optical coherence tomography (OCT), FCE can be classified by three methods: the situation of photoreceptor separating from the retinal pigment upper cortex, morphological features, or central choroidal thickness. FCE is usually associated with other diseases such as choroidal neovascularization. This article reviews the current clinical research on FCE.
孔源性视网膜脱离(rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,RRD)是一种严重威胁视力的眼部疾病，目前治疗手段以手术为主，手术方式主要有视网膜气体填充术(pneumatic retinopexy,PR)、巩膜扣带术(scleral buckling,SB)以及经睫状体扁平部玻璃体切割术(pars plana vitrectomy,PPV)。目前对于RRD手术术式的选择仍然存在争议，因此研究及制定RRD手术方式抉择的临床策略具有重要的临床意义。而临床上制定RRD患者手术方案往往与患者的年龄、视网膜脱离时间、裂孔的类型、位置、数量、大小等等临床因素有关，该文就影响孔源性视网膜脱离手术抉择的相关临床因素进行综述。
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a serious eye disease threatening vision. Surgery is main treatment currently, and surgery approaches include pneumatic retinopexy (PR), scleral buckling (SB), and pars plana vitrectomy(PPV). There is still controversy over the selection of RRD surgery approaches, so it is great significant to study and develop clinical strategies for RRD surgery approaches. The surgical plans for RRD patients are often related to clinical factors, such as the patient’s age, retinal detachment time, type, location, quantity, size, etc. This article reviews the related clinical factors affecting the surgical decision for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
大麻二酚(Cannabidiol,CBD)为大麻提取物中的一种非成瘾性活性成分，是目前研究最热门的植物源性大麻素之一。内源性大麻素系统(endocannabinoid system,ECS)在眼表和视网膜中的研究也已经取得显著进展。CBD可以广泛存在于整个眼球，且其分布和功能具有组织特异性。近年来研究发现CBD具有良好的抗炎、抗损伤、降低眼压及神经保护作用。该文详细介绍了CBD在眼部疾病中的研究进展，以及其对各种眼部疾病的治疗潜力。此外，还讨论了CBD在临床眼科治疗中的应用面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。
Cannabidiol(CBD), a non-addictive active ingredient in cannabis extract, is one of the most popular plant-derived cannabinoids. The study on the endoenuous cannabionoid system (ESC) has made significant progress in the ocular surface and retina. CBD exists extensively in the eyeball, and its distrution and functions of anti-inflammatory,antiinjury, reducing intraocular pressure, and neuroprotective effects have been found. This article introduces the research progress in CBD in eye diseases and the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol for various eye diseases in detailed.Furthermore, the challenges and prospect for the application of CBD in clinical ophthalmology were discussed.
