Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the consistency between preoperatively estimated and postoperatively measured total spherical aberration and to evaluate the feasibility of personalized selection of an aspherical intraocular lens (IOL) based on the corneal spherical aberration measured by the Scheimpflug photography system (Pentacam).

Methods: A total of 47 patients(82 eyes) with age-related cataract received a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. Corneal spherical aberration was measured by using the Scheimpflug photography system. Patients with corneal spherical aberration ≤0.3 μm were implanted with a zero-spherical aberration advanced optics(AO) aspherical intraocular lens and those with corneal spherical aberration >0.3 μm received a Tecnis ZA9003 aspherical lens(-0.27 μm spherical aberration). Preoperative total remnant spherical aberration was estimated and actual total spherical aberration was measured 3 months postoperatively. The consistency between preoperative and postoperative spherical aberration was analyzed by t-test, correlation analysis, and Blant-Altman plots.

Results: The estimated and measured values of total spherical aberration were (0.189±0.151) μm and (0.141±0.131) μm, with a statistical difference(t=5.347, P<0.01). For 45 eyes implanted with AO lenses, preoperatively estimated and post-operatively measured total spherical aberration were (0.268±0.137) μm and (0.214±0.103) μm. For 37 eyes implanted with Tecnis ZA9003, preoperative estimate of total spherical aberration was (0.092±0.103) μm and postoperative measured value was (0.054±0.106) μm. Statistical significance was noted, as was a positive linear correlation between preoperative and postoperative values(y=0.846, P<0.01). Bland-Altman analysis showed high consistency between the estimated and measured spherical aberration.

Conclusion: The estimated total spherical aberration measured preoperatively differed from the value measured postoperatively, but the two values showed good agreement. It is clinically feasible to conduct personalized selection of aspherical IOL based on Scheimpflug photography system(Pentacam) to measure corneal spherical aberration. (Eye Science 2013; 28: 129-133)

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the consistency between preoperatively estimated and postoperatively measured total spherical aberration and to evaluate the feasibility of personalized selection of an aspherical intraocular lens (IOL) based on the corneal spherical aberration measured by the Scheimpflug photography system (Pentacam).

Methods: A total of 47 patients(82 eyes) with age-related cataract received a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. Corneal spherical aberration was measured by using the Scheimpflug photography system. Patients with corneal spherical aberration ≤0.3 μm were implanted with a zero-spherical aberration advanced optics(AO) aspherical intraocular lens and those with corneal spherical aberration >0.3 μm received a Tecnis ZA9003 aspherical lens(-0.27 μm spherical aberration). Preoperative total remnant spherical aberration was estimated and actual total spherical aberration was measured 3 months postoperatively. The consistency between preoperative and postoperative spherical aberration was analyzed by t-test, correlation analysis, and Blant-Altman plots.

Results: The estimated and measured values of total spherical aberration were (0.189±0.151) μm and (0.141±0.131) μm, with a statistical difference(t=5.347, P<0.01). For 45 eyes implanted with AO lenses, preoperatively estimated and post-operatively measured total spherical aberration were (0.268± 0.137) μm and (0.214±0.103) μm. For 37 eyes implanted with Tecnis ZA9003, preoperative estimate of total spherical aberration was (0.092±0.103) μm and postoperative measured value was (0.054±0.106) μm. Statistical significance was noted, as was a positive linear correlation between preoperative and postoperative values(y=0.846, P<0.01). Bland-Altman analysis showed high consistency between the estimated and measured spherical aberration.

Conclusion: The estimated total spherical aberration measured preoperatively differed from the value measured postoperatively, but the two values showed good agreement. It is clinically feasible to conduct personalized selection of aspherical IOL based on Scheimpflug photography system(Pentacam) to measure corneal spherical aberration. (Eye Science 2013; 28: 129-133)

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of tissue-engineered epithelium transplantation for severe ocular surface burns.
Methods: A retrospective observational case series. From october 2005 to May 2011, 19 eyes of l9 patients with grade IV to VI ocular surface burns (dua classification) were treated by autologous transplantation of corneal stem cells cultivated on a fibrin gel membrane, with a mean follow-up of 16. 2 months (range 12-36 months) postoperative corneal surface stability, visual acuity (VA), corneal opacity, and neovascularization were evaluated.
Results: No corneal perforation occurred and the entire corneal surface was free from epithelial defects in all eyes. At the final follow-up visit, visual acuity in 17 eyes was improved after surgery, with 6 eyes achieving a VA of 20/100 or better. The corneal vascularization was obviously reduced in 17 (89.5%) eyes. The corneal opacity was also improved in 12 (63. 2%) eyes. All donor eyes remained healthy.
Conclusion: Tissue-engineered epithelium transplantation can promote rapid reepithelialization of the ocular surface, inhibit corneal neovascularization, and improve vision for patients with severe ocular surface burns.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of tissue-engineered epithelium transplantation for severe ocular surface burns.

Methods: A retrospective observational case series. From october 2005 to May 2011, 19 eyes of l9 patients with grade IV to VI ocular surface burns (dua classification) were treated by autologous transplantation of corneal stem cells cultivated on a fibrin gel membrane, with a mean follow-up of 16. 2 months (range 12-36 months) postoperative corneal surface stability, visual acuity (VA), corneal opacity, and neovascularization were evaluated.
Results: No corneal perforation occurred and the entire corneal surface was free from epithelial defects in all eyes. At the final follow-up visit, visual acuity in 17 eyes was improved after surgery, with 6 eyes achieving a VA of 20/100 or better. The corneal vascularization was obviously reduced in 17 (89.5%) eyes. The corneal opacity was also improved in 12 (63. 2%) eyes. All donor eyes remained healthy.
Conclusion: Tissue-engineered epithelium transplantation can promote rapid reepithelialization of the ocular surface, inhibit corneal neovascularization, and improve vision for patients with severe ocular surface burns.

Purpose: The disinfection effectiveness of 5% anerdian Ⅲ, 0.016% gentamicin, and 0.5% tobramycin solutions in presurgical irrigation of conjunctival sac were compared.

Methods: A total of 295 cataract patients (302 eyes) who had undergone phacoemulsification aspiration combined with intraocular lens insertion (IOL) were recruited in this prospective study. Operative eyes were given 0.3% levofloxacin eye drops for 3 d and then were randomized into three treatment groups, anerdian (A), gentamicin (B) and tobramycin (C). The patients received conjunctival sac irrigation using the respective solutions at 10 min preoperatively. conjunctival sac sampling was performed before and after irrigation and the samples were used for subsequent bacterial culture and swab tests. The positive rate was used as the main parameter.

Results: Positive rates of bacterial culture before conjunctival sac irrigation: the positive rate was 17.31% (18 eyes) in group A, 13.86% (14 eyes) in group B and 17.3% (14 eyes) in group C. Post irrigation, the positive rates in the three groups decreased to 5.76% (6 eyes), 5.94% (6 eyes) and 7.22% (7 eyes), respectively. The positive rates among the three groups did not differ. However, the positive rate in group A significantly differed before and after the irrigation (P<0.05). No toxic or allergic reactions were found in the ocular surface of any patient after the irrigation. 

Conclusion: The disinfection effects of the three types of conjunctival sac irrigations did not differ.

Purpose: The disinfection effectiveness of 5% anerdian Ⅲ, 0.016% gentamicin, and 0.5% tobramycin solutions in presurgical irrigation of conjunctival sac were compared.

Methods: A total of 295 cataract patients (302 eyes) who had undergone phacoemulsification aspiration combined with intraocular lens insertion (IOL) were recruited in this prospective study. Operative eyes were given 0.3% levofloxacin eye drops for 3 d and then were randomized into three treatment groups, anerdian (A), gentamicin (B) and tobramycin (C). The patients received conjunctival sac irrigation using the respective solutions at 10 min preoperatively. conjunctival sac sampling was performed before and after irrigation and the samples were used for subsequent bacterial culture and swab tests. The positive rate was used as the main parameter.

Results: Positive rates of bacterial culture before conjunctival sac irrigation: the positive rate was 17.31% (18 eyes) in group A, 13.86% (14 eyes) in group B and 17.3% (14 eyes) in group C. Post irrigation, the positive rates in the three groups decreased to 5.76% (6 eyes), 5.94% (6 eyes) and 7.22% (7 eyes), respectively. The positive rates among the three groups did not differ. However, the positive rate in group A significantly differed before and after the irrigation (P<0.05). No toxic or allergic reactions were found in the ocular surface of any patient after the irrigation. 

Conclusion: The disinfection effects of the three types of conjunctival sac irrigations did not differ.

Abstract

Purpose: Our aim was to obtain a better understanding of the etiologies and characteristics of pediatric cataracts treated at a single facility in China.

Methods: Medical records accrued over a 10-year period (from August,2003 to July, 2013) at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were reviewed retrospectively, identifying all patients treated for various subtypes of pediatric cataract. A database with 367 subjects under 14 years of age (598, including second-round surgeries) was generated.

Results: Of this cohort(n=367; males: 232, 63.2%; females: 135,368%), 200 patients (54.5%) had bilateral cataracts, and 258 (70.3%) were under 3 years of age. In all age groups and in all subtypes of pediatric cataract, males were most commonly affected. Congenital cataract was the most prevalent subtype, accounting for 296 patients (80.7%).  Most congenital cataracts were associated with other ocular or systemic abnormalities; and in 48 patients (16.22%), they were hereditary.Traumatic cataract was the most common subtype (85.92%) of acquired cataract. The few instances of cataracts due to steroids (n=3) or to metabolic disorders (n=2) occurred in males and involved both eyes.

Conclusion: The majority of pediatric cataracts in this patient population were congenital in nature. A significant lag in ophthalmologic evaluation of Chinese infants was evident and should be addressed by educating both children and parents on risk factors for cataract development. Regular assessments are especially important in children subjected to long-term systemic steroid treatments.

Abstract

Purpose: Our aim was to obtain a better understanding of the etiologies and characteristics of pediatric cataracts treated at a single facility in China.

Methods: Medical records accrued over a 10-year period (from August,2003 to July, 2013) at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were reviewed retrospectively, identifying all patients treated for various subtypes of pediatric cataract. A database with 367 subjects under 14 years of age (598, including second-round surgeries) was generated.

Results: Of this cohort(n=367; males: 232, 63.2%; females: 135,368%), 200 patients (54.5%) had bilateral cataracts, and 258 (70.3%) were under 3 years of age. In all age groups and in all subtypes of pediatric cataract, males were most commonly affected. Congenital cataract was the most prevalent subtype, accounting for 296 patients (80.7%).  Most congenital cataracts were associated with other ocular or systemic abnormalities; and in 48 patients (16.22%), they were hereditary.Traumatic cataract was the most common subtype (85.92%) of acquired cataract. The few instances of cataracts due to steroids (n=3) or to metabolic disorders (n=2) occurred in males and involved both eyes.

Conclusion: The majority of pediatric cataracts in this patient population were congenital in nature. A significant lag in ophthalmologic evaluation of Chinese infants was evident and should be addressed by educating both children and parents on risk factors for cataract development. Regular assessments are especially important in children subjected to long-term systemic steroid treatments.

Purpose: To study central corneal thickness(CCT) variations during corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) using ultrasound pachymetry.

Methods: Twenty patients (26 eyes) with progressing keratoconus undergoing riboflavin-UVA-induced CXL were involved in this study. Intraoperative CCT measurement using ultrasonic pachymetry was performed during the procedure.Measurements were obtained before operation, after epithelial removal, after riboflavin drop instillation, and after UVA irradiation.

Results: Mean CCT was 495±56 and (450±52) μm before and after epithelial removal, respectively. Mean CCT was (443±42) and (411±39) μm after riboflavin drop instillation and after UVA irradiation, respectively. Statistically significant decreases in CCT occurred between preoperation and after epithelial removal, after riboflavin drop instillation and after UVA irradiation. Twenty-six eyes from 20 patients undergoing CXL were divided into 2 groups (I with CCT≥400 μm after UVA irradiation and II with CCT<400 μm after UVA irradiation). No statistically significant difference was noted between I and II for preoperative endothelial cell count, but statistically significant difference between I and II were noted for post-operative endothelial cell count. A statistically significant difference was evident between preoperative and postoperative endothelial cell counts in Group II (P<0.05).

Conclusion: performing CXL with the use of riboflavin and UVA irradiation resulted in a statistically significant decrease in CCT, even to a level where the corneal endothelium may be damaged.

Purpose: To study central corneal thickness(CCT) variations during corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) using ultrasound pachymetry.

Methods: Twenty patients (26 eyes) with progressing keratoconus undergoing riboflavin-UVA-induced CXL were involved in this study. Intraoperative CCT measurement using ultrasonic pachymetry was performed during the procedure.Measurements were obtained before operation, after epithelial removal, after riboflavin drop instillation, and after UVA irradiation.

Results: Mean CCT was 495±56 and (450±52) μm before and after epithelial removal, respectively. Mean CCT was (443±42) and (411±39) μm after riboflavin drop instillation and after UVA irradiation, respectively. Statistically significant decreases in CCT occurred between preoperation and after epithelial removal, after riboflavin drop instillation and after UVA irradiation. Twenty-six eyes from 20 patients undergoing CXL were divided into 2 groups (I with CCT≥400 μm after UVA irradiation and II with CCT<400 μm after UVA irradiation). No statistically significant difference was noted between I and II for preoperative endothelial cell count, but statistically significant difference between I and II were noted for post-operative endothelial cell count. A statistically significant difference was evident between preoperative and postoperative endothelial cell counts in Group II (P<0.05).

Conclusion: performing CXL with the use of riboflavin and UVA irradiation resulted in a statistically significant decrease in CCT, even to a level where the corneal endothelium may be damaged.

Purpose: To interpret the incidence of optic-nerve maldevelopment in postoperative pediatric cataract patients, and evaluate the clinical  efficacy  of administration of murine nerve growth factor (mNGF) in such patients.

Methods: Pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP)  was used to measure the visual pathway function in 28 cases (56 eyes) with bilateral congenital cataract and 13 cases (13 eyes) with unilateral  congenital  cataract  who  underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation surgeries. The results were compared with 25 age-sex-matched healthy children (50 eyes). mNGF was administered  in 13 cases (23 eyes) who had visual pathway disorder. The efficacy of mNGF injection was observed. P100 latencies, which were used as a main parameter in P-VEP measurement , were analyzed statistically.

Results: When compared with normal children, the P100 latency  was  significantly  prolonged  in the congenital cataract group (P<0.05). A significant improvement was noted in the visual pathway of subjects treated with mNGF (P<0.05).

Conclusion:  Compared with normal children, the congenital cataract patients are more vulnerable to optic-nerve maldevelopment. Murine NGF likely plays a protective and nutritive role in the development of optic nerve in cases of optic-nerve maldevelopment foloowed by congenital cataract surgery.

Purpose: To interpret the incidence of optic-nerve maldevelopment in postoperative pediatric cataract patients, and evaluate the clinical  efficacy  of administration of murine nerve growth factor (mNGF) in such patients.

Methods: Pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP)  was used to measure the visual pathway function in 28 cases (56 eyes) with bilateral congenital cataract and 13 cases (13 eyes) with unilateral  congenital  cataract  who  underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation surgeries. The results were compared with 25 age-sex-matched healthy children (50 eyes). mNGF was administered  in 13 cases (23 eyes) who had visual pathway disorder. The efficacy of mNGF injection was observed. P100 latencies, which were used as a main parameter in P-VEP measurement , were analyzed statistically.

Results: When compared with normal children, the P100 latency  was  significantly  prolonged  in the congenital cataract group (P<0.05). A significant improvement was noted in the visual pathway of subjects treated with mNGF (P<0.05).

Conclusion:  Compared with normal children, the congenital cataract patients are more vulnerable to optic-nerve maldevelopment. Murine NGF likely plays a protective and nutritive role in the development of optic nerve in cases of optic-nerve maldevelopment foloowed by congenital cataract surgery.

Purpose: To compare the complications and the recurrence rate between fibrin glue (TISSEEL) and Vicry1 8-0 sutures in amniotic membrane transplant during pterygium surgery.
Methods: Patients who underwent pterygium surgery with amniotic membrane transplant(AMT) in the Wang Eye Clinic (Doraville, USA) were randomly categorized into two groups: one group received TISSEEL and the other group received Vicryl 8-0 sutures. All procedures for both groups were per- formed by one ophthalmologist. Twenty-four patients (24 eyes) participated in the TISSEEL group (22 eyes with prima-ry surgery and 2 eyes with surgery for recurrence ) and 19 pa-tients(19 eyes)took part in the suture group(18 primary eyes and l recurrence). The patients with recurrent pterygium in both groups had not received AMT previously.Post-opera-tively, patients were followed up for one week and then one year to check for any signs of complications and recurrence.
Results: Conjunctival inflammation occurred in 3 eyes (12.5%) in the TISSEEL group, and 6 eyes (31.6%) in the suture group (P<0.05,Chi-square test). In the TISSEEL group, l eye (4.2%) showed recurrence, while there were no recur-rences in the sutures group. There were 3 dry eyes (15.8%) in
the suture group and 2 dry eyes (8.3%) in the TISSEEL group (P>0.05).No dislocated conjunctival grafts，Dellen，inflam-mation, infection，bleeding，pyogenic granuloma, or sclero-malacia was observed in either group.
Conclusion: Pterygium surgery with AMT had less conjuncti-val inflammation and dry eye in patients receiving fibrin glue than those with Vicry1 8-0sutures. (Eye Science 2012; 27:19-24)

Purpose: To compare the complications and the recurrence rate between fibrin glue (TISSEEL) and Vicry1 8-0 sutures in amniotic membrane transplant during pterygium surgery.
Methods: Patients who underwent pterygium surgery with amniotic membrane transplant(AMT) in the Wang Eye Clinic (Doraville, USA) were randomly categorized into two groups: one group received TISSEEL and the other group received Vicryl 8-0 sutures. All procedures for both groups were per- formed by one ophthalmologist. Twenty-four patients (24 eyes) participated in the TISSEEL group (22 eyes with prima-ry surgery and 2 eyes with surgery for recurrence ) and 19 pa-tients(19 eyes)took part in the suture group(18 primary eyes and l recurrence). The patients with recurrent pterygium in both groups had not received AMT previously.Post-opera-tively, patients were followed up for one week and then one year to check for any signs of complications and recurrence.
Results: Conjunctival inflammation occurred in 3 eyes (12.5%) in the TISSEEL group, and 6 eyes (31.6%) in the suture group (P<0.05,Chi-square test). In the TISSEEL group, l eye (4.2%) showed recurrence, while there were no recur-rences in the sutures group. There were 3 dry eyes (15.8%) in
the suture group and 2 dry eyes (8.3%) in the TISSEEL group (P>0.05).No dislocated conjunctival grafts，Dellen，inflam-mation, infection，bleeding，pyogenic granuloma, or sclero-malacia was observed in either group.
Conclusion: Pterygium surgery with AMT had less conjuncti-val inflammation and dry eye in patients receiving fibrin glue than those with Vicry1 8-0sutures. (Eye Science 2012; 27:19-24)

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the clinical features of traumatic ciliochoroidal detachment(CCD), and to evaluate the surgical outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 37 con- secutive patients with traumatic CCD who underwent surgical procedures, including ciliary body suturing, transscleral cy- clophotocoagulation,and cyclocryopexy. A complete ocular examination was performed at presurgery and at periodical post-surgery follow-ups. We compared visual acuity(VA), intraocular pressure(IOP), and morphologic changes with UBM among the different surgical procedures at the presurgery and periodical follow-ups.

Results: The mean IOP was 6.62 mmHg,and the median VA was 20/200 at baseline. The mean final IOP was 11.03 mmHg, and the final median VA improved to 20/50. IOPs were significantly different in post-surgery compared with those at baseline(P=0.000) among the ciliary body suturing, cyclophotocoagulation, and cyclocryopexy groups. However, no significant differences were noted at each follow-up among the 3 groups(P>0.05). The post-surgical morphological figures consisted of complete reattachment,partial reattachment, and the complete detachment.Cyclocryopexy(71.4%), suturing(68.4%), and cyclophotocoagulation(63.6%) produced similar surgical outcomes of the complete reattachment based on UBM images.

Conclusion: Prompt treatment and periodic follow-ups are necessary after traumatic CCD, based on accurate dimensions and configuration by UBM. The appropriate choice of surgical procedures is pivotal for an optimal outcome. (Eye Science 2013; 28: 124-128)

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the clinical features of traumatic ciliochoroidal detachment(CCD), and to evaluate the surgical outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 37 con- secutive patients with traumatic CCD who underwent surgical procedures, including ciliary body suturing, transscleral cy- clophotocoagulation,and cyclocryopexy. A complete ocular examination was performed at presurgery and at periodical post-surgery follow-ups. We compared visual acuity(VA), intraocular pressure(IOP), and morphologic changes with UBM among the different surgical procedures at the presurgery and periodical follow-ups.

Results: The mean IOP was 6.62 mmHg,and the median VA was 20/200 at baseline. The mean final IOP was 11.03 mmHg, and the final median VA improved to 20/50. IOPs were significantly different in post-surgery compared with those at baseline(P=0.000) among the ciliary body suturing, cyclophotocoagulation, and cyclocryopexy groups. However, no significant differences were noted at each follow-up among the 3 groups(P>0.05). The post-surgical morphological figures consisted of complete reattachment,partial reattachment, and the complete detachment.Cyclocryopexy(71.4%), suturing(68.4%), and cyclophotocoagulation(63.6%) produced similar surgical outcomes of the complete reattachment based on UBM images.

Conclusion: Prompt treatment and periodic follow-ups are necessary after traumatic CCD, based on accurate dimensions and configuration by UBM. The appropriate choice of surgical procedures is pivotal for an optimal outcome. (Eye Science 2013; 28: 124-128)

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of plateau iris diagnosed by ultrasound biomicroscopy after laser peripheral iridotomy in Whites as compared to Asians in a U. S. clinic setting.
Methods: This was a prospective, observational study of narrow angle patients(n=55)who underwent laser peripheral iridotomy. Ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed in 4 quadrants of only one eye of each patient 4~6 weeks before and after surgery. The images were randomized and interpreted qualitatively by a single observer. Plateau iris was diagnosed in eyes with persistent appositional angles after laser peripheral iridotomy when at least 2 quadrants fulfilled the following criteria:1. The ciliary process was directed anteriorly. 2. The ciliary sulcus was absent. 3. The central iris plane was flat.
Results: Twenty eight subjects (50.1%)were Whites, and 27 subjects (49.0%)were Asians. Plateau iris was assessed in 18 subjects (32.7%):9 of 28 Whites (32.1%)and 9 of 27 Asians (33.3%). The proportion of plateau iris did not differ between Whites and Asians (P>0.99).
Conclusion: The prevalence of plateau iris did not differ between Whites and Asians.  Both groups had a substantial proportion of narrow angle patients with this clinical entity. (Eye Science  2012:27:13-18)

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of plateau iris diagnosed by ultrasound biomicroscopy after laser peripheral iridotomy in Whites as compared to Asians in a U. S. clinic setting.
Methods: This was a prospective, observational study of narrow angle patients(n=55)who underwent laser peripheral iridotomy. Ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed in 4 quadrants of only one eye of each patient 4~6 weeks before and after surgery. The images were randomized and interpreted qualitatively by a single observer.  Plateau iris was diagnosed in eyes with persistent appositional angles after laser peripheral iridotomy when at least 2 quadrants fulfilled the following criteria:1. The ciliary process was directed anteriorly. 2. The ciliary sulcus was absent. 3. The central iris plane was flat.
Results: Twenty eight subjects(50. 1%)were Whites, and 27 subjects(49. 0%)were Asians. Plateau iris was assessed in 18 subjects(32. 7%):9 of 28 Whites(32. 1%)and 9 of 27 Asians (33. 3%). The proportion of plateau iris did not differ between Whites and Asians(P>0. 99).
Conclusion: The prevalence of plateau iris did not differ between Whites and Asians.  Both groups had a substantial proportion of narrow angle patients with this clinical entity. (Eye Science  2012:27:13-18)

Abstract

Purpose: To perform ophthalmic examinations to evaluate the ocular characteristics of children living in the Tibet plateau and diagnosed with congenital heart disease.

Methods: Children with congenital heart disease underwent a conventional ocular examination including distant acuity test, slitlamp examination, fundus examination, non-contact intraocular pressure measurement,measurement of corneal thickness, and fundus photography.

Results: Forty-two Tibetan children, aged between 4 and 18 years and diagnosed with congenital heart disease, were enrolled in this study. The percentage of low visual acuity was  4.76%, mean intraocular pressure was (13.67±2.15) mmHg, average corneal thickness was (492.55±33.79) μm, 96.43%  had an anterior chamber depth of 1/2 corneal thickness (CT), and 35.7% had an obvious fundus vascular tortuosity.

Conclusion:This study adds to the understanding of the ocular status of the population living in the Tibet plateau, thereby offering clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of eye diseases in this area.

Abstract

Purpose: To perform ophthalmic examinations to evaluate the ocular characteristics of children living in the Tibet plateau and diagnosed with congenital heart disease.

Methods: Children with congenital heart disease underwent a conventional ocular examination including distant acuity test, slitlamp examination, fundus examination, non-contact intraocular pressure measurement,measurement of corneal thickness, and fundus photography.

Results: Forty-two Tibetan children, aged between 4 and 18 years and diagnosed with congenital heart disease, were enrolled in this study. The percentage of low visual acuity was  4.76%, mean intraocular pressure was (13.67±2.15) mmHg, average corneal thickness was (492.55±33.79) μm, 96.43%  had an anterior chamber depth of 1/2 corneal thickness (CT), and 35.7% had an obvious fundus vascular tortuosity.

Conclusion:This study adds to the understanding of the ocular status of the population living in the Tibet plateau, thereby offering clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of eye diseases in this area.