目的：评价海藻糖滴眼液对摘除眶内眶外泪腺的实验性大鼠干眼的疗效。方法：SD大鼠30只，随机分成正常组、对照组、实验组，每组10只(20只眼)。正常组不给予处置，实验组和对照组通过摘除大鼠主泪腺制作干眼动物模型。对照组和实验组于造模完成术后1周后分别给予生理盐水、海藻糖滴眼液点双眼，每天4次，治疗共4周。分别于造模术前和造模术后1，2，3，5周进行基础泪液分泌试验(Shirmer I test)，角膜上皮荧光染色评分检测；造模5周后将大鼠处死，采用免疫组织化学方法对结膜上皮细胞中Bcl-2和Bax凋亡基因蛋白表达进行检测，观察干眼动物模型结膜上皮细胞凋亡与眼表干眼病变及组织损伤的关系。结果：基础泪液分泌试验结果显示，对照组和实验组除术后第5周比较差异有统计学意义外(P<0.05)，其余时间点差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，术后各时间点与正常组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。造模术后第1周，对照组和实验组角膜荧光色染色评分明显高于正常组；术后第2周后，对照组和实验组评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，随着时间的延长，术后第3周和第5周，两组评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)，且实验组评分小于对照组。结膜上皮细胞免疫组织化学检测结果显示：正常组结膜上皮细胞Bax蛋白阳性表达的细胞数较对照组和实验组少，与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)，与实验组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；正常组可见大量Bcl-2蛋白阳性表达，且多于实验组，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，多于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；对照组结膜上皮细胞中可见大量Bax蛋白阳性表达于细胞质，呈棕黄色颗粒，实验组中Bax蛋白阳性表达相对于对照组明显较少，两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；实验组结膜上皮细胞中可见大量Bcl-2蛋白阳性表达，对照组Bcl-2蛋白表达相对于实验组明显减少，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：海藻糖滴眼液可以减少角膜表层上皮脱落，对结膜上皮细胞有一定的保护作用，可以拮抗结膜上皮细胞的凋亡，从而增强角结膜上皮屏障功能，改善由干燥引起的眼表上皮的损伤。海藻糖溶液可用于眼表上皮疾病的潜在临床应用，为治疗眼表疾病如干眼症提供治疗选择。

Objective: To observe the efficacy of trehalose eye drops on experimental dry eye rat with removal of inside and outside lacrimal glands. Methods: A total of 30 SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a control group, and an experimental group, with 10 rats for each group (20 eyes). The normal group was not treated, and the experimental group and the control group were made into a dry eye animal model by removing the main lacrimal gland of the rat. The control group and the experimental group were given with normal saline and trehalose eye drops once a week after the completion of modeling, 4 times a day for 4 weeks. Shirmer I test and fluorescence staining test were carded before and 1, 2, 3, and 5 weeks after modeling. After 5 weeks of modeling, the rats were sacrificed and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax apoptosis protein in conjunctival epithelial cells was detected by immunohistochemistry in order to observe the relationship between apoptosis of conjunctival epithelial cells and dry eye lesions and tissue damage in dry eye animal models. Results: Schirme I test results showed that there was no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group (P>0.05) except for the 5th week after operation (P<0.05). There was a statistical difference between the two groups and the normal group at each time point after surgery (P<0.05). At the first week after modeling, the corneal fluorescence staining scores of the control group and the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the normal group. After the second week after surgery, there was no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group (P>0.05). The prolongation of time, the 3 week and the 5th week after surgery, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the score of the experimental group was smaller than the control group. The immunohistochemical results of conjunctival epithelial cells showed that the number of Bax protein positive cells in the normal conjunctival epithelial cells was less than that in the control group and the experimental group. The difference between the normal group and the control group was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). There was a large amount of Bcl- 2 protein in the normal group, which was more than the experimental group. The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05), which was more than the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); a large amount of Bax protein was positively expressed in the cytoplasm and brownish-yellow particles in the conjunctival epithelial cells of the control group. The positive expression of Bax protein in the experimental group was significantly less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). A large amount of Bcl-2 protein was positively expressed in the conjunctival epithelial cells of the experimental group, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the control group was significantly decreased compared with the experimental group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Trehalose eye drops can reduce epithelial detachment of the cornea and have a protective effect on conjunctival epithelial cells, which can antagonize the apoptosis of conjunctival epithelial cells,thereby enhancing the keratoconjunctival barrier function and improving the ocular surface epithelium caused by dryness. The potential clinical application of trehalose solution for ocular surface epithelial diseases and provide treatment options for ocular surface diseases, such as dry eye.

目的：探讨高度近视合并白内障患者白内障术后有效晶状体位置的变化。方法：收集白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植入术的高度近视合并白内障患者21例共27眼，记录术后1 d、1周、1个月视力、屈光度、有效晶状体位置。结果：高度近视合并白内障患者术后1 d，1周，1个月有效晶状体位置分别为(4.17±0.39)，(4.09±0.38)，(4.31±0.44) mm，且组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有效晶状体位置的实际轴向运动为(0.19±0.13) mm，与晶状体厚度呈正相关(r=0.648，P<0.001)，与术前眼轴无相关关系(r=0.227，P=0.255)。结论：高度近视合并白内障患者术后1 d至1周人工晶状体轻度前移而造成近视偏移，而术后1个月时则呈远视偏移，且术后有效晶状体位置位移与术前晶状体厚度相关。

Objective: To investigate the change and influencing factors of the effective lens position after cataract surgery in high myopia eyes. Methods: We collected 27 eyes of 21 patients with high myopia who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. The visual acuity, diopter and effective lens position were recorded 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after operation. Results: The effective lens position of high myopia combined with cataract patients at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month was (4.17±0.39), (4.09±0.38), and (4.31±0.44)mm, respectively. The effective lens positions significantly differed between the groups after surgery (P<0.05). The ELPRMS was (0.19±0.13) mm. The ELPRMS was positively correlated with the lens thickness (r=0.648,P<0.001), whereas was not correlated with the preoperative axial length (r=0.227, P=0.255). Conclusion: High myopic patients with cataract have a slight forward movement of the effective lens position from 1 day to 1 week after surgery, and a hyperopic shift from 1 week to 1 month. The displacement of effective lens position after surgery is correlated with the preoperative lens thickness.

人工晶状体混浊是白内障术后较为少见的并发症，患者多于手术后数月或数年因不明原因视力下降或视朦就诊。本文报道一例73岁女性患者，在同一时期双眼先后植入同一型号亲水性丙烯酸酯人工晶状体，术后6年右眼人工晶状体完全混浊，而左眼人工晶状体仍为完全透明状态。两眼的临床眼部体征、眼前节光学相干断层成像(optic coherence tomography,OCT)、超声生物显微镜检查(ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM)等检查结果均有明显差异，人工晶状体混浊眼通过手术治疗后视力恢复满意。文章详细记录了该例患者术前的相关资料、手术治疗以及手术取出人工晶状体的检查结果，并进行了分析讨论，供专家同行参阅，为该类患者的诊疗提供参考。

Intraocular lens opacity is a relatively rare complication after cataract surgery. Many patients seek medical service serveral months or years after surgery, due to unexplained visual impairment or blurred vision. A case is reported in this article that a 73-year-old female patient who was implanted the same type of hydrophilic acrylate intraocular lens in both eyes during the same period. After 6 years of surgery, the right intraocular lens was completely cloudy, while the left intraocular lens remained completely transparent. Significant differences were found in two eyes clinical symptoms,optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) examination results. After surgical treatment, the vision of eye with intraocular lens opacity has recovered satisfactorily. In the article, the detailed record of  the patient's preoperative relevant information, surgical treatment, and examination results of removing the intraocular lens were stated. The analysis and discussion results were also indicated to provide reference on the diagnosis and treatment of this type of patient for experts and colleagues.

大麻二酚(Cannabidiol,CBD)为大麻提取物中的一种非成瘾性活性成分，是目前研究最热门的植物源性大麻素之一。内源性大麻素系统(endocannabinoid system,ECS)在眼表和视网膜中的研究也已经取得显著进展。CBD可以广泛存在于整个眼球，且其分布和功能具有组织特异性。近年来研究发现CBD具有良好的抗炎、抗损伤、降低眼压及神经保护作用。该文详细介绍了CBD在眼部疾病中的研究进展，以及其对各种眼部疾病的治疗潜力。此外，还讨论了CBD在临床眼科治疗中的应用面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。

Cannabidiol(CBD), a non-addictive active ingredient in cannabis extract, is one of the most popular plant-derived cannabinoids. The study on the endoenuous cannabionoid system (ESC) has made significant progress in the ocular surface and retina. CBD exists extensively in the eyeball, and its distrution and functions of anti-inflammatory,antiinjury, reducing intraocular pressure, and neuroprotective effects have been found. This article introduces the research progress in CBD in eye diseases and the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol for various eye diseases in detailed.Furthermore, the challenges and prospect for the application of CBD in clinical ophthalmology were discussed.

干眼是指以泪膜稳态失衡为主要特征并伴有眼部不适症状的多因素眼表疾病。目前干眼的主要治疗手段包括药物治疗(人工泪液替代疗法、抗炎治疗、免疫抑制治疗)和必要时的手术干预治疗。地夸磷索四钠属于P2Y₂受体激动剂，是一种治疗干眼的新型药物。它通过刺激位于眼表组织的P2Y₂受体，促进泪液、黏液、脂质分泌，增强泪膜稳定性，从而改善干眼的症状和体征。

Dry eye refers to a series of chronic and progressive ocular surface diseases characterized by imbalanced tear film accompanied with ocular discomfort symptoms. The available methods mainly include pharmacotherapy (artificial tears replacement, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive therapy) and ophthalmic surgery. P2Y₂ receptor agonist is a novel pharmaceutical agent for dry eye treatment, which could stimulate tear fluid secretion and mucin secretion through binding with P2Y2 receptors on the ocular surface, so that improve tear film stability and alleviate symptoms of dry eye. 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution is the only P2Y₂ receptor agonist available for dry eye.

目的：探讨标准化沟通模式(SBAR)在眼球穿通伤患者护理交班中的应用效果。方法：60例患者作为对照组，使用传统口头方式交班；60例患者作为观察组，使用SBAR沟通模式进行交接。比较两组交班耗时、两组护士对患者病情掌握程度以及患者对护理服务满意度的差异。结果：观察组与对照组比较，上述指标差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：采取SBAR沟通模式交班有助于降低在眼球穿通伤护理中的不良事件发生率，保障了护理质量，提高了交接班效率和患者满意度，适宜推广应用。

Objective: To evaluate the SBAR communication model in the nursing care handover of patients with penetration injuries of eyeball. Methods: Transfer time, receivers’ information retention, and patient’s satisfaction were compared between two groups of patients with penetration injuries of eyeball. A total of 60 patients were handled with the traditional oral communication handover as comparison group and other 60 patients were handled with the SBAR handover as intervention group. Results: When comparing intervention group with comparison group, statistically significant improvements (P<0.05) were observed in all three factors tested. Conclusion:Implementing the communication tool SBAR in the nursing care of patients with penetration injuries of eyeball reduces rate of adverse events, improves patient care quality, enhances transfer efficiency, and boosts patient’s satisfaction.

目的：评价上睑下垂矫正术后并发上睑内翻倒睫的手术治疗效果，并分析其发生原因。方法：回顾性分析2015年1月1日至2020年6月30日因上睑下垂矫正术后并发上睑内翻倒睫在中山大学中山眼科中心接受手术治疗，随访时间6个月以上的患者资料。患者的内翻倒睫矫正手术方案根据有无合并上睑下垂过矫或者欠矫，以及原上睑下垂矫正的矫正方式进行设计。评价术前、术后患者的睑裂高度、眼睑闭合不全程度、上睑睑缘弧度、内翻倒睫矫正状态和角膜荧光素染色评分。结果：本研究共收录上睑下垂术后并发上睑内翻倒睫患者19例(20眼)，其中额肌肌瓣悬吊术后17例(18眼：上睑过矫8眼，欠矫6眼，睑裂高度正常4眼)，提上睑肌缩短术后2例(2眼：上睑过矫1例，欠矫1例)。所有患者的上睑内翻倒睫经手术治疗均完全矫正，角膜上皮荧光素染色评分显著降低(P<0.05)。上睑下垂过矫或欠矫术后均矫正满意，术前睑裂高度正常的患者矫正内翻倒睫没有改变睑裂高度。总结术中探查所见，上睑下垂矫正术后发生上睑内翻倒睫可能与多个因素相关：上睑皮肤切口位置过低；睑缘眼轮匝肌去除过多；额肌肌瓣分离不佳；额肌肌瓣在睑板上的固定位置过高；术中对睑裂高度评估不准确引起上睑下垂过矫等。结论：上睑下垂矫正术后并发上睑内翻倒睫再次手术可以达到满意的治疗效果，但手术操作较为棘手。为降低此类并发症的发生和患者多次手术的风险，应规范上睑下垂矫正手术操作，总结教训。

Objective: To evaluate the surgical treatment outcome of upper eyelid entropion after ptosis correction and analyze the complicated causes. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent surgical treatment for complicated upper eyelid entropion after ptosis correction and were followed up for more than 6 months at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2020. Pre- and postoperative lid height, lagophthalmos, upper lid margin curvature, eyelid entropion and corneal fluorescein staining scores

were evaluated. Results: A total of 18 cases (19 eyes) were included, among which 17 cases (18 eyes: 8 eyes of ptosis overcorrection, 6 eyes of ptosis undercorrection, and 4 eyes with normal eyelid height) were post-frontalis flap suspension, and 2 cases (2 eyes: 1 eye of ptosis undercorrection, 1 eye of ptosis overcorrection) post-levator resection. All patients had a complete correction of upper eyelid entropion and a significant reduction in corneal epithelial fluorescein staining score (P<0.05). Both the complicated ptosis undercorrection and overcorrection were treated with satisfactory outcome. Correction of entropion did not change the eyelid height in patients with preoperative normal height. The intraoperative findings showed that several factors related to original ptosis surgery may be involved in complicated upper eyelid entropion, including: the skin incision too close to the upper lid margin, excessive resection of the orbicularis oculi muscle along the eyelid margin, poor separation of the frontalis muscle flap, inappropriate eyelid plate fixation site of the frontalis muscle flap, and ptosis overcorrection caused by inaccurate evaluation of the intraoperative eyelid height, etc. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of the upper eyelid entropion secondary to ptosis correction is safe and effective, but is complicated and difficult. Skillful ptosis surgery and appropriate surgical techniques are crucial to reduce its occurrence.

目的：调查眼病患儿家长在患儿手术前的健康教育需求，为责任护士开展个性化、高质量的健康教育提供依据。方法：采用自制的眼病儿童手术前家长的健康教育需求调查问卷对2020年4月至2020年6月的眼病手术患儿家长进行问卷调查，并对调查结果进行统计分析。结果：家长对眼病患儿手术术前健康教育需求排名前3位的是手术治疗的效果、意义及眼病相关专科健康知识。医疗付费方式的差异、患儿年龄、疾病的差异及家长年龄、职业状态的差异对术前健康教育需求得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；家长获取健康教育知识的途径以医务人员讲解和公众号等网络平台为主。结论：眼病患儿家长对患儿术前健康教育需求较高，医务工作者应丰富知识层面，加强专科学习及相关知识培训，把专科知识与健康教育有机地结合，并探索有效的线上健康教育方式，更好地为患者服务。

Objective: To investigate the health education needs of parents of children with eye diseases before operation, and to provide basis for more targeted and high-quality health education for primary nurses. Methods: A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the health education needs of parents of children with ophthalmopathy before surgery from April 2020 to June 2020, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: The top three of parents’ needs for preoperative health education of children with eye diseases were the effect and significance of the surgery and the related professional health knowledge of eye diseases. The differences of medical payment methods, children’s age, diseases, parents’ age, and occupational status was significant in the scores of preoperative health education needs (P<0.05). The main ways of parents obtaining health education knowledge were network platforms such as medical staff explanation and official accounts. Conclusion: The parents of children with eye diseases have a high demand for preoperative health education. Medical workers should enrich their knowledge, strengthen specialty learning and related knowledge training, organically combine professional knowledge with health education, and explore the methods of effective online health education to serve patients better.

近5年来眼睑皮脂腺癌研究取得一系列成果。临床研究方面，明确了眼睑皮脂腺癌冰冻切缘控制显微手术的意义，提出了患者预后指标；在基础研究方面，描述了基因突变谱，揭示了3种相互独立的发病模式，以及提出了免疫及靶向治疗相关研究；我国眼肿瘤工作者也在眼睑皮脂腺癌研究方面树立了国际地位。本文对近5年国内外眼睑皮脂腺癌相关研究方面的主要成果进行总结分析，并展望治疗前景，为临床提供有益参考。

In recent 5 years, a series of studies have been made in the mechanism of onset of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma worldwide. In clinical research, the prognosis has made in predicting progression of patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma, and the significancy of frozen margin control in microsurgery was clarified. In field of basic research,from elucidation of mutational landscape to revelation of three independent pathogenesis patterns, from researches on immunotherapy to targeted therapy, efforts have been made to reveal the pathological mechanism to both aspect of its morbidity and development. This paper summarizes, analyzes and reviews the main achievements in recent 5 years on eyelid sebaceous carcinoma.

眼睑皮脂腺癌是起源于眼睑部位皮脂腺体的恶性上皮性肿瘤，易复发、转移，主要治疗方式仍以手术切除为主，但患者整体预后并不理想，早期正确诊断和靶向治疗是改善患者预后和改进治疗的关键。眼睑皮脂腺癌临床表现复杂，早期容易误诊或漏诊进而延误治疗，病理检查是其诊断的金标准。此外，目前关于眼睑皮脂腺癌发病机制未完全阐明，癌发生发展的分子生物学过程尚未明确。因此，多方面了解眼睑皮脂腺癌发病机制为靶向治疗提供理论基础是十分必要的。本文主要从眼睑皮脂腺癌发病机制包括遗传因素、表观遗传、外源病毒感染、免疫逃逸、端粒酶学说等方面对眼睑皮脂腺癌作一综述。

Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumor originating from eyelid sebaceous glands, which is prone to relapse and metastasis. The treatment mainly depends on surgical excision, but the overall prognosis of patients is not ideal. Early diagnosis and targeted therapy are the keys to improve the prognosis of patients.Due to its complex clinical manifestations, early misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis is easy to delay treatment, and pathological examination is still the gold standard for its diagnosis. In addition, the pathogenesis of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma is still unclear, and the molecular biological process of the occurrence and development is less understood. Therefore, it is very necessary to understand the pathogenesis of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma in various aspects to provide a theoretical basis for targeted therapy. In this paper, the pathogenesis of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma was reviewed from the aspects of gene , epigenetic, viral infection, immune escape, , telomerase theory and so on.