Professor Yuan Jin from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (ZOC) affiliated with Sun Yat-sen University has recently won the “Grand Challenge 2015 Young Scientist” award in “2015 Innovation Challenge Annual Meeting” held in Beijing. The meeting is organized by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People Republic of China (MOST), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in the United States and the US Agency for International Development. The journal Eye Science (ES) is the official publication of ZOC, sponsored by Sun Yat-sen University.

Professor Yuan Jin from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (ZOC) affiliated with Sun Yat-sen University has recently won the “Grand Challenge 2015 Young Scientist” award in “2015 Innovation Challenge Annual Meeting” held in Beijing. The meeting is organized by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People Republic of China (MOST), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in the United States and the US Agency for International Development. The journal Eye Science (ES) is the official publication of ZOC, sponsored by Sun Yat-sen University.

Background: Facial nerve palsy (FNP) occurs less frequently in children as compared to adults but most cases are secondary to an identifi able cause. These children may have a variety of ocular and systemic features associated with the palsy and need detailed ophthalmic and systemic evaluation.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of all the cases of FNP below the age of 16 years, presenting to a tertiary ophthalmic hospital over the period of 9 years, from January 2000 to December 2008.

Results: A total of 22 patients were included in the study. The average age at presentation was 6.08 years (range, 4 months to 16 years). Only one patient (4.54%) had bilateral FNP and 21 cases (95.45%) had unilateral FNP. Seventeen patients (77.27%) had congenital palsy and of these, fi ve patients had a syndromic association, three had birth trauma and nine patients had idiopathic palsy. Five patients (22.72%) had an acquired palsy, of these, two had a traumatic cause and one patient each had neoplastic origin of the palsy, iatrogenic palsy after surgery for hemangioma and idiopathic palsy. Three patients had ipsilateral sixth nerve palsy, two children were diagnosed to have Moebius syndrome, one child had an ipsilateral Duane’s syndrome with ipsilateral hearing loss. Corneal involvement was seen in eight patients (36.36%). Amblyopia was seen in ten patients (45.45%). Neuroimaging studies showed evidence of trauma, posterior fossa cysts, pontine gliosis and neoplasms such as a chloroma. Systemic associations included hemifacial macrosomia, oculovertebral malformations, Dandy Walker syndrome, Moebius syndrome and cerebral palsy.

Conclusions: FNP in children can have a number of underlying causes, some of which may be life threatening. It can also result in serious ocular complications including corneal perforation and severe amblyopia. These children require a multifaceted approach to their care. 

Background: Facial nerve palsy (FNP) occurs less frequently in children as compared to adults but most cases are secondary to an identifi able cause. These children may have a variety of ocular and systemic features associated with the palsy and need detailed ophthalmic and systemic evaluation.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of all the cases of FNP below the age of 16 years, presenting to a tertiary ophthalmic hospital over the period of 9 years, from January 2000 to December 2008.

Results: A total of 22 patients were included in the study. The average age at presentation was 6.08 years (range, 4 months to 16 years). Only one patient (4.54%) had bilateral FNP and 21 cases (95.45%) had unilateral FNP. Seventeen patients (77.27%) had congenital palsy and of these, fi ve patients had a syndromic association, three had birth trauma and nine patients had idiopathic palsy. Five patients (22.72%) had an acquired palsy, of these, two had a traumatic cause and one patient each had neoplastic origin of the palsy, iatrogenic palsy after surgery for hemangioma and idiopathic palsy. Three patients had ipsilateral sixth nerve palsy, two children were diagnosed to have Moebius syndrome, one child had an ipsilateral Duane’s syndrome with ipsilateral hearing loss. Corneal involvement was seen in eight patients (36.36%). Amblyopia was seen in ten patients (45.45%). Neuroimaging studies showed evidence of trauma, posterior fossa cysts, pontine gliosis and neoplasms such as a chloroma. Systemic associations included hemifacial macrosomia, oculovertebral malformations, Dandy Walker syndrome, Moebius syndrome and cerebral palsy.

Conclusions: FNP in children can have a number of underlying causes, some of which may be life threatening. It can also result in serious ocular complications including corneal perforation and severe amblyopia. These children require a multifaceted approach to their care. 

Background: This study aimed to explore the best screening measure of myopia and its associated optimal referral criteria for children aged between 6 and 16.

Methods: After informed consent of cycloplegia was obtained, a total of 6,321 children aged between 6 and 16 from 53 primary or junior middle schools in Jiading District of Shanghai were included in our populationbased study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to determine the best cutoff points, sensitivities and specifi cities of diff erent screening tests, including uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), noncycloplegic autorefraction (NCAR) and the combination of these two tests.

Results: There was significant difference in prevalence of myopia between boys and girls (χ² =6.358, P=0.012). Compared with children of low age, the prevalence of older children was significantly higher (χ² =1,386.404, P<0.001). For the combination of UCVA and NCAR, the best cutoff point was UCVA less than or equal to 0.2 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (MAR) (20/30) and NCAR spherical equivalent refraction (SER) less than or equal to ?0.75 diopters (D), with associated sensitivity and specifi city of 75.0% and 85.0%, respectively, which were higher than those of UCVA and NCAR alone. After stratified by age, the best cutoff points were varied among children. The accuracy for children aged between 9 and 12 was higher than that for other ages.

Conclusions: The best screening measure of myopia was the combination of UCVA and NCAR. The optimal referral criteria of myopia for children should be age-determined.

Background: This study aimed to explore the best screening measure of myopia and its associated optimal referral criteria for children aged between 6 and 16.

Methods: After informed consent of cycloplegia was obtained, a total of 6,321 children aged between 6 and 16 from 53 primary or junior middle schools in Jiading District of Shanghai were included in our populationbased study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to determine the best cutoff points, sensitivities and specifi cities of diff erent screening tests, including uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), noncycloplegic autorefraction (NCAR) and the combination of these two tests.

Results: There was significant difference in prevalence of myopia between boys and girls (χ² =6.358, P=0.012). Compared with children of low age, the prevalence of older children was significantly higher (χ² =1,386.404, P<0.001). For the combination of UCVA and NCAR, the best cutoff point was UCVA less than or equal to 0.2 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (MAR) (20/30) and NCAR spherical equivalent refraction (SER) less than or equal to ?0.75 diopters (D), with associated sensitivity and specifi city of 75.0% and 85.0%, respectively, which were higher than those of UCVA and NCAR alone. After stratified by age, the best cutoff points were varied among children. The accuracy for children aged between 9 and 12 was higher than that for other ages.

Conclusions: The best screening measure of myopia was the combination of UCVA and NCAR. The optimal referral criteria of myopia for children should be age-determined.

Background: The purpose is to investigate the relationship between full-thickness macular hole (MH) and retinal break (RB) and/or lattice degeneration.

Methods: Patients diagnosed as full-thickness MH and referred to Dr. Lin Lu from January 2009 to December 2013 were evaluated. All patients underwent general ophthalmologic examinations, fundus examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The RB and/or lattice degeneration were recorded.

Results: Totally 183 eyes of 167 patients were included. The sex ratio of men to women was 1:2.88. A total of 17 eyes were pseudophakic and 166 eyes were phakic. RB and/or lattice degeneration were found in 62 eyes (33.88%). The prevalence of RB and/or lattice degeneration was similar between men and women (P=0.344>0.05). There was no statistical diff erence between the pseudophakic eyes and phakic eyes (P=0.138>0.05). All of the RB and/or lattice degeneration were located near or anterior to the equator. The inferior quadrants and the vertical meridian were aff ected more often than the superior quadrants and the horizontal meridian.

Conclusions: We identified a high incidence of RB/lattice degeneration in cases of full-thickness MH. Carefully examination of the peripheral retina and prophylactic treatment of RB and/or lattice degeneration are critical.

Background: The purpose is to investigate the relationship between full-thickness macular hole (MH) and retinal break (RB) and/or lattice degeneration.

Methods: Patients diagnosed as full-thickness MH and referred to Dr. Lin Lu from January 2009 to December 2013 were evaluated. All patients underwent general ophthalmologic examinations, fundus examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The RB and/or lattice degeneration were recorded.

Results: Totally 183 eyes of 167 patients were included. The sex ratio of men to women was 1:2.88. A total of 17 eyes were pseudophakic and 166 eyes were phakic. RB and/or lattice degeneration were found in 62 eyes (33.88%). The prevalence of RB and/or lattice degeneration was similar between men and women (P=0.344>0.05). There was no statistical diff erence between the pseudophakic eyes and phakic eyes (P=0.138>0.05). All of the RB and/or lattice degeneration were located near or anterior to the equator. The inferior quadrants and the vertical meridian were aff ected more often than the superior quadrants and the horizontal meridian.

Conclusions: We identified a high incidence of RB/lattice degeneration in cases of full-thickness MH. Carefully examination of the peripheral retina and prophylactic treatment of RB and/or lattice degeneration are critical.

Background: Primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma (PCACG) is one of the main types of glaucoma in China. Trabeculectomy is the most commonly used glaucoma filtration surgery for glaucoma in the world. Conventional trabeculectomy is prone to anesthesia-related complications intraoperative and operationrelated complications postoperative in PCACG treatment. Modified minimally invasive trabeculectomy maybe can reduce the incidence of complications.

Methods: We conducted a prospective case series study and performed modified fornix-based trabeculectomy in 27 patients (30 eyes) under topical anesthesia; we then observed intraoperative anesthesia and cooperation effect, intraoperative and postoperative complications, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), visual field, and the use of ocular hypotensive drugs. The patients were followed up for at least 12 months.

Results: All operations were completed successfully with no intraoperative complications. All 27 patients (30 eyes) were followed up for at least 12 months. No significant decrease in visual acuity was observed at days 1 or 7 and at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after operation; however, a significant decrease in IOP was observed at days 1 and 7 and at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after operation. Moreover, no significant progression in visual field mean defect was observed at month 12 after operation, and the number of ocular hypotensive drugs required was significantly reduced at months 6 and 12 after operation. By month 12 after operation, the overall success rate was 93.33% (28/30).

Conclusions: Modified minimally invasive trabeculectomy is safe and effective for the treatment of PCACG.

Background: Primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma (PCACG) is one of the main types of glaucoma in China. Trabeculectomy is the most commonly used glaucoma filtration surgery for glaucoma in the world. Conventional trabeculectomy is prone to anesthesia-related complications intraoperative and operationrelated complications postoperative in PCACG treatment. Modified minimally invasive trabeculectomy maybe can reduce the incidence of complications.

Methods: We conducted a prospective case series study and performed modified fornix-based trabeculectomy in 27 patients (30 eyes) under topical anesthesia; we then observed intraoperative anesthesia and cooperation effect, intraoperative and postoperative complications, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), visual field, and the use of ocular hypotensive drugs. The patients were followed up for at least 12 months.

Results: All operations were completed successfully with no intraoperative complications. All 27 patients (30 eyes) were followed up for at least 12 months. No significant decrease in visual acuity was observed at days 1 or 7 and at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after operation; however, a significant decrease in IOP was observed at days 1 and 7 and at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after operation. Moreover, no significant progression in visual field mean defect was observed at month 12 after operation, and the number of ocular hypotensive drugs required was significantly reduced at months 6 and 12 after operation. By month 12 after operation, the overall success rate was 93.33% (28/30).

Conclusions: Modified minimally invasive trabeculectomy is safe and effective for the treatment of PCACG.