目的：通过计算机体层扫描（computed tomography，CT）平扫和三维重建等利用图像后处理系统软件，评估视网膜母细胞瘤（Retinoblastoma，RB）病灶的钙化水平，并探究其与患者性别、眼别、年龄及影像学分期之间的相关性。方法：选取2022年5月—2024年12月经我院眼眶病与眼肿瘤科手术病理证实及临床确诊的108例RB患者127眼进行分析。应用CT重建和工作站分割技术对眼球、肿瘤、钙化进行分割和采用容积定量分析方法，运用R语言进行统计学处理，比较不同性别（男/女）、眼别（左/右）、年龄分层及影像学分期间的钙化最高CT值、肿瘤钙化容积(calcified regional volume，CRV)、肿瘤容积(tumor volume，TV)、患侧容积(eyeball volume，EV)、CRV/EV、TV/EV、CRV/TV比值的差异。结果：不同性别组其EV比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；不同年龄组RB其CRV、EV、CRV/EV比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；影像分期（眼内期、青光眼期、眼外期组）和晶状体位置变化（位置改变、形态位置密度改变、无变化组）的CRV 、TV、CRV/EV、TV/EV差异均有统计学意义（P< 0.05）。结论：RB患者的钙化沉积水平随着病程推进，在眼球内期、青光眼期至眼外期的不同阶段呈现逐级升高的态势。晶状体位置变化随病情进展、RB患者钙化程度逐渐增加。

Objective: To evaluate the calcification level of retinoblastoma (RB) lesions using image post-processing system software, such as that for computed tomography (CT) noncontrast scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction. Additionally, this study aimed to explore the relationship between retinoblastoma (RB) and patient gender (male/female) , as well as the correlation among ocular (left/right), age, and radiographic stage (e.g., international intraocular RB stage).  Methods: The study enrolled 108 patients (127 eyes) with tumors confirmed by both surgical pathology and clinical diagnosis. These patients received treatment at the Orbital Disease and Ocular Oncology Department of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University (ZOC, SYSU) from May 2022 to December 2024. CT reconstruction and workstation segmentation techniques were used to delineate the eyeball, tumour, and calcification. A quantitative volumetric analysis method was applied, and statistical processing was conducted using R language (version 4.2.1). Comparisions were made across different genders (male/female), eye segmentation (left/right), age stratifications, and imaging stages. The t-test was applied to analyze the highest CT value, calcified regional volume (CRV), tumor volume (TV), eyeball volume (EV), CRV/EV ratio, TV/EV ratio, and CRV/TV ratio in these tumor patients. Results: There was no significant differences in CT value, CRV, TV,  CRV/EV ratio, TV/EV ratio, and CRV/TV ratio among patients with different eye sides, genders and age groups (P>0.05). Only EV showed statistical significant across different age groups. Statistically significant changes were observed in CRV, TV, CRV/EV ratio, TV/EV ratio , and CRV/TV ratio with respect to both intraocular stage (including intraocular stage, glaucoma stage, extraocular stage) and lens position changes (inculding position changes, morphological position density changes, no change groups) (P< 0.05), No other statistically significant differences were found (P>0.05). Conclusions: In this group of tumor patients, the level of calcification deposition gradually increased as the disease progressed through the intraocular stage, glaucoma stage, and extraocular stage. Lens positional changes were associated with a gradual increase in the degree of calcification in patients with retinoblastoma (RB) as the disease advanced.

Purpose: To investigate gender differences in lens thickness (LT) and central anterior chamber depth (ACD) in normal subjects, and to assess age-associated changes in these measures.

Methods: The anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness (LT) of 150 normal subjects (150 eyes) were measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Gender differences were assessed by independent t-test, and correlation analysis was used to examine the effect of age.

Results: The mean values of ACD and LT were 2.69 ± 0.32 mm and 4.85 ± 0.43 mm, respectively. Women had a significantly lower mean ACD as compared to men (2.56 ± 0.33 mm vs. 2.85 ± 0.29 mm; P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in LT between male and female subjects (P > 0.05). Correlation analysis findings suggest that LT increases with age (r = 0.83,P < 0.05)，and that ACD decreases with age (r=-0.57,P < 0.05). After controlling for LT, no significant correlation was observed between age and ACD (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: The ACD of female subjects was, on average, shallower than that of their male counterparts. Aging was associated with increasing LT, and the observed narrowing of ACD with age might be partially mediated by the increasing LT. (Eye Science 2012; 27:124-126)

Keywords: anterior chamber; lens; age; primary angle-closure glaucoma

Purpose: To investigate gender differences in lens thickness (LT) and central anterior chamber depth (ACD) in normal subjects, and to assess age-associated changes in these measures.

Methods: The anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness (LT) of 150 normal subjects (150 eyes) were measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Gender differences were assessed by independent t-test, and correlation analysis was used to examine the effect of age.

Results: The mean values of ACD and LT were 2.69 ± 0.32 mm and 4.85 ± 0.43 mm, respectively. Women had a significantly lower mean ACD as compared to men (2.56 ± 0.33 mm vs. 2.85 ± 0.29 mm; P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in LT between male and female subjects (P > 0.05). Correlation analysis findings suggest that LT increases with age (r = 0.83,P < 0.05)，and that ACD decreases with age (r=-0.57,P < 0.05). After controlling for LT, no significant correlation was observed between age and ACD (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: The ACD of female subjects was, on average, shallower than that of their male counterparts. Aging was associated with increasing LT, and the observed narrowing of ACD with age might be partially mediated by the increasing LT. (Eye Science 2012; 27:124-126)

Keywords: anterior chamber; lens; age; primary angle-closure glaucoma

Purpose: To evaluate the application of a high-frequency electrosurgical scalpel and methylene blue staining in the endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy.

Methods: This retrospective study included 37 patients (43 eyes) undergoing endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy in our hospital between 2011 and 2013 using methylene blue staining of the lacrimal sac and a high-frequency electrosurgical scalpel for cutting nasal mucosa,intraoperative stanch,and fixation of lacrimal sac and nasal mucosal flaps.Surgical efficacy,in- traoperative challenges,and corresponding handling methods were evaluated and summarized.

Results: Among 43 eyes, 42 were successfully cured(97.7%) and the symptoms in 1 eye were improved (2.3%). Total efficacy rate was 100%. All surgeries were successfully performed. No severe intraoperative complications were observed.

Conclusion: A high-frequency electrosurgical scalpel,combined with methylene blue staining of the lacrimal sac, is efficacious for nasal mucosal cutting,intraoperative stanch,and fixation of mucosal flap by cauterization, which significantly alleviates intraoperative complications and enhances surgical success rate.It deserves widespread application in clinical practice.

Purpose: To evaluate the application of a high-frequency electrosurgical scalpel and methylene blue staining in the endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy.

Methods: This retrospective study included 37 patients (43 eyes) undergoing endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy in our hospital between 2011 and 2013 using methylene blue staining of the lacrimal sac and a high-frequency electrosurgical scalpel for cutting nasal mucosa,intraoperative stanch,and fixation of lacrimal sac and nasal mucosal flaps.Surgical efficacy,in- traoperative challenges,and corresponding handling methods were evaluated and summarized.

Results: Among 43 eyes, 42 were successfully cured(97.7%) and the symptoms in 1 eye were improved (2.3%). Total efficacy rate was 100%. All surgeries were successfully performed. No severe intraoperative complications were observed.

Conclusion: A high-frequency electrosurgical scalpel,combined with methylene blue staining of the lacrimal sac, is efficacious for nasal mucosal cutting,intraoperative stanch,and fixation of mucosal flap by cauterization, which significantly alleviates intraoperative complications and enhances surgical success rate.It deserves widespread application in clinical practice.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using coreoplasty and an iris-supported Artisan intraocular lens (IOL) for mydriasis and aphakic correction in post-traumatic vitrectomized eyes.

Methods: A total of 17 aphakic patients were admitted between April 2009 and April 2010 to the ophthalmologic department of Xiamen Eye Centre. All eyes had previously received lens removal and vitrectomy. After the retina stabilized and corrected visual acuity improved, the iris was sutured. The Artisan IOL was fixated onto the iris surface. Patients were followed-up at one day, one week, one month, and three months postoperatively. The following outcomes were assessed: symptoms of photophobia and glare, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell density (ECD). The diameter of the pupil and the anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured by the anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Results: Artisan IOLs were successfully implanted in all aphakic eyes. Postoperatively, improvement was observed in photophobia and glare symptoms. UCVA was enhanced in all patients (six eyes had better UCVA postoperatively than BCVA preoperatively). However, there were no significant changes in IOP. Mean loss of ECD was 336.06 cells/mm². Mean postoperative pupil diameter was 3.67±0.41 mm, compared with 5.67±0.57 mm preoperatively ( P<0.05). Mean ACD was reduced by 0.88 mm ( 3.38±0.33 mm preoperatively vs 2.50±0.35 mm postoperatively, P<0.05).

Conclusion: Surgery that combined coreoplasty and Artisan IOL implantation was a safe and effective treatment for correcting aphakia and mydriasis in post-traumatic vitrectomized eyes. (Eye Science 2012; 27:119-123)

Keywords: Coreoplasty; Iris-supported Artisan intraocular lens; Vitrectomized aphakic eyes

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using coreoplasty and an iris-supported Artisan intraocular lens (IOL) for mydriasis and aphakic correction in post-traumatic vitrectomized eyes.

Methods: A total of 17 aphakic patients were admitted between April 2009 and April 2010 to the ophthalmologic department of Xiamen Eye Centre. All eyes had previously received lens removal and vitrectomy. After the retina stabilized and corrected visual acuity improved, the iris was sutured. The Artisan IOL was fixated onto the iris surface. Patients were followed-up at one day, one week, one month, and three months postoperatively. The following outcomes were assessed: symptoms of photophobia and glare, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell density (ECD). The diameter of the pupil and the anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured by the anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Results: Artisan IOLs were successfully implanted in all aphakic eyes. Postoperatively, improvement was observed in photophobia and glare symptoms. UCVA was enhanced in all patients (six eyes had better UCVA postoperatively than BCVA preoperatively). However, there were no significant changes in IOP. Mean loss of ECD was 336.06 cells/mm². Mean postoperative pupil diameter was 3.67±0.41 mm, compared with 5.67±0.57 mm preoperatively ( P<0.05). Mean ACD was reduced by 0.88 mm ( 3.38±0.33 mm preoperatively vs 2.50±0.35 mm postoperatively, P<0.05).

Conclusion: Surgery that combined coreoplasty and Artisan IOL implantation was a safe and effective treatment for correcting aphakia and mydriasis in post-traumatic vitrectomized eyes. (Eye Science 2012; 27:119-123)

Keywords: Coreoplasty; Iris-supported Artisan intraocular lens; Vitrectomized aphakic eyesAbbreViation:ASV, anterior segment Vitrectomy; BCVA, best corrected Visual acuity ; CE, cataract eXtraction ; DO, deuterium oXide; ECD,
endothelial cell density ; EL, endolaser; F, female; FB, foreign body; IOL, intraocular lens; M, male; OD, right eye; OS, left eye; PPL,
pars plana lensectomy; PPV, pars plana Vitrectomy; UCVA, uncorrected Visual acuity.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the genotyping of Foxp3-3279(A/ C,rs376158)genes in patients with dust mite-induced allergic conjunctivitis from Guangdong province and to explore the association between these genes and the susceptibility to dust mite allergic conjunctivitis.

Methods: In total, 80 patients with dust mite allergic conjunctivitis and 103 healthy Han Chinese were enrolled in the study and received genotyping of Foxp3-3279(A/C, rs376158) by PCR-SSP technique.

Results: Genotype frequency of Foxp3-3279 AA, CA, and CC in patients with dust mite allergic conjunctivitis were 1.25%, 25.00% and 73.75%, respectively. Gene frequency of C and A in patients with dust mite allergic conjunctivitis were 86.25% and 13.75% with no significant difference from healthy counterparts (both P>0.05).

Conclusion: Foxp3-3279 polymorphisms did not significantly differ between patients with dust mite allergic conjunctivitis and healthy controls, implying that this genetic locus is probably not an independent risk factor of the underlying pathogenesis of dust mite allergic conjunctivitis.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the genotyping of Foxp3-3279(A/ C,rs376158)genes in patients with dust mite-induced allergic conjunctivitis from Guangdong province and to explore the association between these genes and the susceptibility to dust mite allergic conjunctivitis.

Methods: In total, 80 patients with dust mite allergic conjunctivitis and 103 healthy Han Chinese were enrolled in the study and received genotyping of Foxp3-3279(A/C, rs376158) by PCR-SSP technique.

Results: Genotype frequency of Foxp3-3279 AA, CA, and CC in patients with dust mite allergic conjunctivitis were 1.25%, 25.00% and 73.75%, respectively. Gene frequency of C and A in patients with dust mite allergic conjunctivitis were 86.25% and 13.75% with no significant difference from healthy counterparts (both P>0.05).

Conclusion: Foxp3-3279 polymorphisms did not significantly differ between patients with dust mite allergic conjunctivitis and healthy controls, implying that this genetic locus is probably not an independent risk factor of the underlying pathogenesis of dust mite allergic conjunctivitis.

Purpose: To observe the efficacy of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling combined with phacoemul, sification with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation in the treat, ment of cataract with co-existing macular diseases.
Methods: A total of 28 cataract patients (28 eyes) with co, existing macular diseases were admitted to Aier Eye Hospital between May 2008 and May 2011. The clinical characteristics were analyzed in this study.  Subjects included 6 men and 22 women, aged from 56 to 77 years(mean 64 years), with du, ration of disease ranging from 2 to 36 months (mean 9. 3 months). All patients underwent phacoemulsification with im, plantation of a hydrophobic acrylic IOL into the capsular bag and pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling.
Results: Postoperatively, patients underwent 3-to 18-months of follow-up(mean 7. 2 months). Only one eye had macular hole failing to close. Normal macular structure was restored in the other 27 eyes. The presenting visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) did not differ significantly (t=-1. 724, P=0. 096), with the BCVA in 27 eyes(96. 4% ) improving by 2 lines or more. The improvement in minimum angle of resolution(MAR)was >0. 3 in 21 eyes, ≥0. 1 in 6 eyes and<0. 1 in I eye.  The mean spherical equivalent(SE) was -4. 67±5. 98D preoperatively and -0. 38±0. 69D postopera, tively(t=4. 157, P<0. 005).
Conclusion: Combined phacovitrectomy surgery is a reliable and safe procedure in the treatment of cataract complicated by macular disease (Eye Science 2012;27:25-29)

Purpose: To observe the efficacy of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling combined with phacoemul, sification with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation in the treat, ment of cataract with co-existing macular diseases.
Methods: A total of 28 cataract patients (28 eyes) with co, existing macular diseases were admitted to Aier Eye Hospital between May 2008 and May 2011. The clinical characteristics were analyzed in this study.  Subjects included 6 men and 22 women, aged from 56 to 77 years(mean 64 years), with du, ration of disease ranging from 2 to 36 months (mean 9. 3 months). All patients underwent phacoemulsification with im, plantation of a hydrophobic acrylic IOL into the capsular bag and pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling.
Results: Postoperatively, patients underwent 3-to 18-months of follow-up(mean 7. 2 months). Only one eye had macular hole failing to close. Normal macular structure was restored in the other 27 eyes. The presenting visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) did not differ significantly (t=-1. 724, P=0. 096), with the BCVA in 27 eyes(96. 4% ) improving by 2 lines or more. The improvement in minimum angle of resolution(MAR)was >0. 3 in 21 eyes, ≥0. 1 in 6 eyes and<0. 1 in I eye.  The mean spherical equivalent(SE) was -4. 67±5. 98D preoperatively and -0. 38±0. 69D postopera, tively(t=4. 157, P<0. 005).
Conclusion: Combined phacovitrectomy surgery is a reliable and safe procedure in the treatment of cataract complicated by macular disease (Eye Science 2012;27:25-29)

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the etiology and the treatment of acquired blepharoptosis inpatients,especially secondary to surgery.

Methods: The clinical records of 65 consecutive patients with acquired ptosis were reviewed from an eye center and a comprehensive hospital. Potential factors responsible for acquired ptosis were investigated.Surgical management principles and post-operative exposure keratitis are discussed.

Results: The top three causes of acquired ptosis were post- surgical ptosis(20/65, 30.8%), traumatic ptosis(17/65, 26.2%)and senile aponeurotic ptosis(12/65, 18.5%). Twenty patients had post-surgical ptosis secondary to orbital surgery (8/20, 40.0%), enucleation and hydroxyapatite(HA) artificial eye implantation(4/20, 20%), eyelid surgery(3/20, 15%), cataract or glaucoma surgery(2/20, 10%), conjunctive surgery(2/20, 10%) and superior oblique muscle surgery (1/20, 5%). The levator palpebrae superioris(LPS) muscle of ten eyes(10/20, 50%) was found during exploration and reattached to the tarsal plate, with shortening ofthe LPS. Nine eyes(9/20, 45%) underwent a frontalis suspension(FS) operation because the LPS muscle was missing.One(1/20, 5%) patient was not operated on due to a poor Bell's phenomenon. Two patients(2/65, 3.1%)—one patient with post-surgical ptosis and another with aponeurotic ptosis—developed expsure keratitis after ptosis correction.

Conclusion: Post-surgical ptosis is one of the most common causes of acquired ptosis. It is important to explore LPS muscle during surgery. LPS reattachment is performed if the muscle is found; otherwise, a FS operation is chosen. Exposure keratitis after correction should be monitored.(Eye Science 2013; 28: 134-139)

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the etiology and the treatment of acquired blepharoptosis inpatients,especially secondary to surgery.

Methods: The clinical records of 65 consecutive patients with acquired ptosis were reviewed from an eye center and a comprehensive hospital. Potential factors responsible for acquired ptosis were investigated.Surgical management principles and post-operative exposure keratitis are discussed.

Results: The top three causes of acquired ptosis were post- surgical ptosis(20/65, 30.8%), traumatic ptosis(17/65, 26.2%)and senile aponeurotic ptosis(12/65, 18.5%). Twenty patients had post-surgical ptosis secondary to orbital surgery (8/20, 40.0%), enucleation and hydroxyapatite(HA) artificial eye implantation(4/20, 20%), eyelid surgery(3/20, 15%), cataract or glaucoma surgery(2/20, 10%), conjunctive surgery(2/20, 10%) and superior oblique muscle surgery (1/20, 5%). The levator palpebrae superioris(LPS) muscle of ten eyes(10/20, 50%) was found during exploration and reattached to the tarsal plate, with shortening ofthe LPS. Nine eyes(9/20, 45%) underwent a frontalis suspension(FS) operation because the LPS muscle was missing.One(1/20, 5%) patient was not operated on due to a poor Bell's phenomenon. Two patients(2/65, 3.1%)—one patient with post-surgical ptosis and another with aponeurotic ptosis—developed expsure keratitis after ptosis correction.

Conclusion: Post-surgical ptosis is one of the most common causes of acquired ptosis. It is important to explore LPS muscle during surgery. LPS reattachment is performed if the muscle is found; otherwise, a FS operation is chosen. Exposure keratitis after correction should be monitored.(Eye Science 2013; 28: 134-139)

Purpose: This study was designed to measure the changes in the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal maximal vessel diameter (MVD) of the affected and unaffected fellow eyes  in  patients  with  polypoidal  choroidal  vasculopathy (PCV) and compare them to healthy controls.

Methods : In this cross-sectional observational clinical study, SFCT and MVD were measured in both eyes  of 53 patients with unilateral PCV. PCV eyes were subgrouped into group A and unaffected fellow eyes into group B. All patients were diagnosed with PCV by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Sixty age- and gender- matched healthy  subjects were enrolled in the control group (group C).

Results: No statistical difference was observed among groups in age and gender. Overall, SFCT was correlated with MVD in all subjects (P<0.001; correlation  coefficient: 0.759).  P values were<0.001 with a correlation coefficient of 0.686, 0.801, and 0.808 in groups A, B, and C,  respectively.  No statistical  significance  was  noted  in SFCT among groups A (266.45±99.51 μm), B (269.57 ± 105.10 μm), and C (243.83±99.68 μm) (P=0.335). However, the MVD in group A was (202.55±72.45 μm), significantly larger than that in group C (166.45±56.18 μm,P=0.008), while  the  MVD  in  group  B (194.75±85.27 μm) was equally significantly greater than that in group C (166.45±56.18 μm)(P=0.038).

Conclusion: For both PCV patients and healthy subjects, SFCT was positively correlated with MVD. No statistical sig  nificance was noted in SFCT between PCV eyes and unaffected fellow/normal eyes. However, MVD was significantly larger in the PCV affected eyes than in unaffected fellow or normal control eyes, suggesting that MVD could be considered as a  sensitive  indicator  to  evaluate  choroidal  perfusion  in  PCV patients.

Purpose: This study was designed to measure the changes in the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal maximal vessel diameter (MVD) of the affected and unaffected fellow eyes  in  patients  with  polypoidal  choroidal  vasculopathy (PCV) and compare them to healthy controls.

Methods : In this cross-sectional observational clinical study, SFCT and MVD were measured in both eyes  of 53 patients with unilateral PCV. PCV eyes were subgrouped into group A and unaffected fellow eyes into group B. All patients were diagnosed with PCV by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Sixty age- and gender- matched healthy  subjects were enrolled in the control group (group C).

Results: No statistical difference was observed among groups in age and gender. Overall, SFCT was correlated with MVD in all subjects (P<0.001; correlation  coefficient: 0.759).  P values were<0.001 with a correlation coefficient of 0.686, 0.801, and 0.808 in groups A, B, and C,  respectively.  No statistical  significance  was  noted  in SFCT among groups A (266.45±99.51 μm), B (269.57 ± 105.10 μm), and C (243.83±99.68 μm) (P=0.335). However, the MVD in group A was (202.55±72.45 μm), significantly larger than that in group C (166.45±56.18 μm,P=0.008), while  the  MVD  in  group  B (194.75±85.27 μm) was equally significantly greater than that in group C (166.45±56.18 μm)(P=0.038).

Conclusion: For both PCV patients and healthy subjects, SFCT was positively correlated with MVD. No statistical sig  nificance was noted in SFCT between PCV eyes and unaffected fellow/normal eyes. However, MVD was significantly larger in the PCV affected eyes than in unaffected fellow or normal control eyes, suggesting that MVD could be considered as a  sensitive  indicator  to  evaluate  choroidal  perfusion  in  PCV patients.

Abstract

Purpose: To study the clinical manifestations and the diagnostic and differential diagnostic characteristics of acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome (AIBSES).

Methods: Six patients diagnosed with AIBSES underwent complete eye examinations including fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography(ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), electroretinogram (ERG), and visual field examinations.

Results: All patients had enlarged blind spots of variable sizes and densities. Three eyes had mild swelling of the optic disc and one eye had peripapillary scarring that corresponded to the permanent field defect. Two patients who underwent FFA had fluorescein leakage of blood vessels around the optic disc and ICGA highlighted diffuse, small hypofluorescent spots scattering throughout the posterior pole. OCT showed that the inner and outer segment (IS/OS) line were absent in five patients and the middle cone outer segment tip line was absent in the nasal macular area in one eye.

Conclusion: AIBSES is a rare outer retinopathy. Visual field examination and OCT are the most important means of detection. ICGA and FAF can determine the range of lesions earlier,and the progress of the disease should be taken into account when making a diagnosis.

Abstract

Purpose: To study the clinical manifestations and the diagnostic and differential diagnostic characteristics of acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome (AIBSES).

Methods: Six patients diagnosed with AIBSES underwent complete eye examinations including fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography(ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), electroretinogram (ERG), and visual field examinations.

Results: All patients had enlarged blind spots of variable sizes and densities. Three eyes had mild swelling of the optic disc and one eye had peripapillary scarring that corresponded to the permanent field defect. Two patients who underwent FFA had fluorescein leakage of blood vessels around the optic disc and ICGA highlighted diffuse, small hypofluorescent spots scattering throughout the posterior pole. OCT showed that the inner and outer segment (IS/OS) line were absent in five patients and the middle cone outer segment tip line was absent in the nasal macular area in one eye.

Conclusion: AIBSES is a rare outer retinopathy. Visual field examination and OCT are the most important means of detection. ICGA and FAF can determine the range of lesions earlier,and the progress of the disease should be taken into account when making a diagnosis.