综述

人工智能在眼病筛查和诊断中的研究进展

2022,37(3):208-213
陈健祺,李睿扬,林铎儒,项毅帆,赖伟翊,林浩添
近年来随着人口老龄化的发展、人群用眼方式的改变,现有的眼科医疗资源正越来越难以满足日渐增长的医疗需求,亟需新型的诊疗模式予以补足。眼科人工智能作为眼科领域的新兴元素,在眼病的筛查诊断中发展迅速,主要表现为“眼部图像数据+人工智能”的模式。近年来,随着该模式在白内障、青光眼、糖尿病性视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)等常见病中研究的深入,相关技术日渐成熟,表现出了较大的应用优势与应用前景,部分技术甚至成功转化并被逐渐应用于临床。眼科诊疗向智慧医学模式的过渡,有望缓解日益增长的医疗需求与紧缺的医疗资源之间的矛盾,从而提高整体的医疗服务水平。
The development of population aging and changes in the way people use their eyes over the recent years have increasingly challenged the existing ophthalmic medical resources to meet the growing medical needs, thus urgently calling for a novel diagnostic and treatment mode. Despite its status as an emerging sector in ophthalmology, ophthalmic artificial intelligence has developed rapidly in the screening and diagnosis of eye diseases, as can be seen in practices adopting the “eye imaging data + AI” mode. In recent years, with the intensified research on this mode with respect to common diseases such as cataract, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, relevant technologies have grown increasingly mature, presenting undeniable application superiority and prospects. Some of the relevant technical achievements have also been successfully transformed for practical usage, and are gradually being applied to clinical practices. Ophthalmic diagnosis and treatment are transitioning toward the era of intelligent medical services, which are expected to reduce the contradictions between the growing medical needs and the shortage of medical resources, as well as ultimately improve the overall experience of medical services.
综述

婴幼儿眼病的人工智能应用

2022,37(3):214-221
刘潇逸,项毅帆,杨扬帆,林浩添
近年来随着医疗领域数字化、信息化建设的加速推进,人工智能的应用越来越广泛,在眼科医学方面尤为突出。婴幼儿处于视觉系统发育的关键时期,此时发生的眼病往往会造成不可逆的视功能损伤,带来沉重的家庭和社会负担。然而,由于婴幼儿群体的特殊性以及小儿眼科医生的短缺,开展大规模小儿眼病筛查工作十分困难。最新研究表明:人工智能在先天性白内障、先天性青光眼、斜视、早产儿视网膜病变以及视功能评估等领域已经得到相关应用,在多种婴幼儿眼病的早期筛查、诊断分期、治疗建议等方面都有令人瞩目的表现,有效解决了许多临床难点与痛点。但目前婴幼儿眼科人工智能仍然不如成年人眼科发展充分,亟须进一步的探索和研发。
In recent years, with the acceleration of digitalization and informatization in medical field, artificial intelligence (AI) is more and more widely applied, especially in ophthalmology. Infants are in the critical period of visual development, during which eye diseases can lead to irreversible visual impairment and bring heavy burden to family and society. Due to the particularity of infants and the shortage of pediatric ophthalmologists, it is challenging to carry out large-scale screening for eye diseases of infants. According to the latest studies, AI has been studied and applied in the fields of congenital cataract, congenital glaucoma, strabismus, amblyopia, retinopathy of prematurity, and evaluation of visual function, and it has achieved remarkable performance in the early screening, diagnosis stage and treatment suggestions, solving many clinical difficulties and pain points effectively. However, AI for infantile ophthalmology is not as developed as for adult ophthalmology, so it needs further exploration and development.
综述

甲状腺相关眼病眼表损伤的研究进展

2023,38(4):344-349
李智闻,李蓓,郑燕林
甲状腺相关眼病是一种器官特异性自身免疫性疾病,其发病机制复杂,是成人最常见的眼眶疾病,且发病率逐年升高。该病不仅会导致眼球突出、眼睑退缩、睑裂扩大、眼球运动障碍等外观上的变化,且患者往往伴发眼红、眼痛、干涩、异物感、复视、视力下降等不适症状,其中眼表疾病的发病率较正常人明显增高,但其具体发病机制尚待进一步挖掘。目前研究表明甲状腺相关眼病患者的眼表损伤主要与眼表暴露增加、炎症侵犯、激素改变有关。角膜、结膜、泪膜、睑板腺等组织受累发生病理改变是患者表现出不同临床症状的直接原因。文章通过分析近年来国内外关于甲状腺相关眼病与眼表疾病等方面的相关研究,针对甲状腺相关眼病眼表损伤的病理改变及机制研究进展做一综述。
Tyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is an organ-specifc autoimmune disease with complex pathogenesis. It is the most common orbital disease in adults, and its incidence increases year by year. Tis disease can not only lead to appearance changes such as eyeball protrusion, eyelid retraction, eyelid cleat enlargement, eye movement disorders, and patients are ofen accompanied by red eyes, eye pain, dryness, foreign body sensation, diplopia, vision loss and other uncomfortable symptoms, among which the incidence of ocular surface diseases is signifcantly higher than that of normal people, but its specifc pathogenesis needs to be further explored. Current studies have shown that ocular surface injury in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is mainly related to increased ocular surface exposure, infammatory invasion, and hormonal changes. Te pathological changes of cornea, conjunctiva, tear flm, meibomian gland and other tissues involved are the direct causes of different clinical symptoms of patients. In this paper, through the analysis of recent domestic and foreign studies on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and ocular surface diseases, the pathological changes and mechanism of ocular surface injury in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy were reviewed.
综述

基于深度学习和智能手机的眼病预防与远程诊疗

2022,37(3):230-237
黄林哲,刘力学,吴雨璇,徐安迪,项毅帆,周毅,林浩添
随着智能手机覆盖率的增加与可用性的提升,实现智能健康管理的应用程序成为新兴研究热点。新一代智能手机可通过追踪步数,监测心率、睡眠,拍摄照片等方式进行健康分析,成为新的医学辅助工具。随着深度学习技术在图像处理领域的不断进展,基于医学影像的智能诊断已在多个学科全面开花,有望彻底改变医院传统的眼科疾病诊疗模式。眼科疾病的常规诊断往往依赖于各种形式的图像,如裂隙灯生物显微镜、眼底成像、光学相干断层扫描等。因此,眼科成为医学人工智能发展最快的领域之一。将眼科人工智能诊疗系统部署在智能手机上,有望提高疾病诊断效率和筛查覆盖率,改善医疗资源紧张的现状,具有极大的发展前景。综述的重点是基于深度学习和智能手机的眼病预防与远程诊疗的进展,以糖尿病性视网膜病变、青光眼、白内障3种疾病为例,讲述深度学习和智能手机在眼病管理方面的具体研究、应用和展望。
With the increasing coverage and availability of smart phones, the application of realizing intelligent health management has become an emerging research hotspot. The new generation of smart phones can perform health analysis by tracking the step numbers, monitoring heart rate and sleep quality, taking photos and other approaches, thereby becoming a new medical aid tool. With the continuous development of deep learning technology in the field of image processing, intelligent diagnosis based on medical imaging has blossomed in many disciplines, which is expected to completely change the traditional eye diseases diagnosis and treatment mode of hospitals. The conventional diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases often relies on various forms of images, such as slit lamp biological microscope, fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography, etc. As a result, ophthalmology has become one of the fastest growing areas of medical artificial intelligence (AI). The deployment of ophthalmological AI diagnosis and treatment system on smart phones is expected to improve the diagnostic efficiency and screening coverage to relieve the strain of medical resources, which has a great development prospect. This review focuses on the prevention and telemedicine progress of eye diseases based on deep learning and smart phones, taking diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and cataract as examples to describe the specific research, application and prospect of deep learning and smart phones in the management of eye diseases.
论著

IgG4相关性眼病影像学特征与疾病严重程度相关性分析

2025,40(1):35-44
焦青,陈淑婷,黄世威,李光宇
目的:研究IgG4相关性眼病(IgG4-related ophthalmic disease, IgG4-ROD)患者的影像学特征与外周血免疫球蛋白G4(IgG4)水平之间的相关性,为评估IgG4相关性疾病全身性严重程度提供新思路。方法:收集2023年8月—2024年9月在吉林大学第二医院眼科医院经术后组织标本病理确诊的29例IgG4-ROD阳性患者。回顾性分析患者眼眶影像学特点与血清IgG4水平相关性,探讨影像学中特征性表现包括泪腺肿大、三叉神经分支增粗、眼外肌增粗、鼻黏膜类炎症改变、眼睑软组织肥厚,以及其他眶内软组织增生等特征性影像学改变出现比例,并按照累及组织结构情况分级评分,评估特征性影像学改变与血清IgG4水平之间的相关性。结果:29例病理确诊IgG4-ROD患者中,泪腺均受累,占比100%;眼外肌受累17例,占比58.62%;三叉神经分支受累5例(4例眶下神经受累,3例额神经病受累,2例眶下神经与额神经同时受累),占比17.24%眼睑软组织肥厚24例,占比82.76%鼻黏膜出现类炎症反应15例,占比51.72%;合并眶内其他软组织增生性病变2例,占比6.90%。影像学中特征性受累组织结构分级评分与血清IgG4水平呈正相关(< 0.05)。结论:IgG4-ROD影像学中特征性组织结构受累及范围与血清IgG4水平明显相关,可以辅助评估IgG4相关性疾病全身性严重程度。
Objective: To investigate the correlation between the imaging characteristics of patients with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) and the serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) levels, providing new insights for assessing the systemic severity of IgG4-related diseases. Methods: This study collected postoperative tissue samples from 29 patients with histopathologically conffrmed IgG4-ROD at the Ophthalmology Department of Jilin University Second Hospital from August 2023 to September 2024. TTis study retrospectively analyzed the correlation between patients' orbital imaging features and serum IgG4 levels, and explored the proportion of characteristic imaging changes including enlargement of the lacrimal gland, thickening of the trigeminal nerve branches, thickening of the extraocular muscles, inffammatory like changes of the nasal mucous membranes, hypertrophy of the eyelid soft tissues, as well as hyperplasia of other intraorbital soft tissues in the imaging. A grading score for affected tissue structures was established to evaluate the correlation between characteristic imaging changes and serum IgG4 levels. Results: Among the 29 patients diagnosed with IgG4-ROD, lacrimal gland involvement was observed in all patients (100%). Extraocular muscle involvement was present in 17 patients (58.62%). Five patients had involvement of the trigeminal nerve branches (including 4 with infraorbital nerve involvement and 3 with frontal nerve involvement, with 2 patients having simultaneous involvement of both nerves), accounting for 17.24% of the cases. Eyelid soff tissue hypertrophy was observed in 24 patients (82.76%), and nasal mucosal inflammatory responses were noted in 15 patients (51.72%). Additionally, two patients (6.90%) presented with other proliferative lesions within the orbit. The correlation analysis between the grading scores for imaging features and serum IgG4 levels demonstrated a significant positive correlation. Conclusions: The extent of characteristic structural involvement observed in the imaging features of IgG4-ROD is significantly correlated with serum IgG4 levels. TTis correlation can assist in evaluating the systemic severity of IgG4-related diseases and provides clinical evidence supporting the need for comprehensive systemic evaluations, such as PET-CT, in patients whose initial presentation is IgG4-related ophthalmic disease.
论著

甲状腺相关眼病患者的生活质量调查及护理对策

2017,32(2):80-83
张恩恩,田碧珊
目的:探讨与甲状腺相关眼病患者的生活质量,为做好个体化的护理提供理论依据。方法:采用甲状腺相关眼病的生活质量调查问卷进行调查,用R语言进行数据分析。结果:年龄与视功能评分成负相关(P<0.001,r=–0.504),与社会心理评分成正相关(P=0.002,r=0.327)。文化程度与视功能评分成正相关(P<0.001,r=0.391),与社会心理评分无相关关系(P=0.749)。不同症状的视功能评分之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:通过甲状腺相关眼病的生活质量调查问卷可知,年龄越大,视功能越差,不同症状的患者视功能情况不同,要关注年龄大、复视、视力差患者的安全;在护理上,要做好患者及其有甲状腺功能亢进史家属的健康宣教,尤其关注女性患者的社会心理状况。
Objective: To explore the factors related to the quality of life of patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy, and to provide theoretical basis for individual nursing. Methods: The quality of life questionnaire of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy was used to investigate, and the data were analyzed by R language. Results: There was a negative correlation between age and visual function score (P<0.001, r=-0.504), and positively correlated with social psychological score (P=0.002, r=0.327). There was a positive correlation between educational level and visual function score (P<0.001, r=0.391), and had no correlation with social psychological score (P=0.749). There were statistically significant differences in visual function scores among different symptoms (P<0.001).Conclusion: The quality of life of thyroid-related eye disease questionnaire showed that the older, the worse the visual function. Different symptoms of patients had different visual function. We should pay attention to the patients with older, diplopia and poor vision, do health education with the patients and family members with the history of hyperthyroidism as well, especially concern with the social and psychological status of female patients.
论著

门诊重症疑难眼病的会诊现状

2017,32(3):161-166
左雅静,刘荣娇
目的:了解中山大学中山眼科医院门诊重症疑难眼病会诊的现状,探讨门诊重症疑难眼病会诊亚专科的分布情况及会诊效果,为建立科学的门诊重症疑难眼病会诊体系提供支持和依据,同时也为合理安排会诊流程提供依据。方法:对中山大学中山眼科医院2016年3月至2017年4月收集的265例门诊重症疑难病例,通过时间、地区、性别、年龄、会诊原因、会诊亚专科、会诊后的转归及效果等方面进行统计分析,所有数据均通过Excel软件进行录入,根据分析目的和资料的类型,采用相应的统计指标进行描述,并进行统计推断,检验水准为α=0.05。结果:2016年3月至2017年4月期间中山大学中山眼科医院门诊重症疑难眼病会诊人数265例。在地区分布中,广东省地区最多,为145例,外国最少,为3例。人群分布中,男167例,女98例,男女比例为1.70:1。年龄分布中,30~44岁及45~59岁的病例数最多,均为53例(20%),70岁以上老年病例最少,为13例(4.9%)。中山大学中山眼科医院门诊重症疑难眼病会诊中,2016年3月至2017年4月期间,各眼科亚专科共参加会诊714次,眼底外科参加会诊次数最多,为147次(20.5%),结膜科参加会诊的次数最少,为1次(0.1%)。在分析会诊原因方面,因诊治涉及多个专科而会诊的病例数最多,为161例,因病因不明会会诊的病例最少,为20例;会诊后比会诊前明确治疗方案的病例数增加190例。结论:中山大学中山眼科医院门诊组织实施重症疑难眼病会诊使明确治疗方案率大幅提高,在提高疑难眼病治疗效果方面起到一定的促进作用。
Objective: To understand the current situation of the consultation for outpatients with severe eye disease in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, and to explore the distribution and effects of sub-specialty consultation for outpatients with severe eye disease. To set up a scientific system of the consultation for outpatients with severe eye disease, and also provide a basis for reasonable arrangement of consultation process. Methods: We analyzed 265 severe cases from March 2016 to April 2017 in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center by time, region, gender, age, cause of consultation, sub-specialty, and outcomes after consultation. And all data was analyzed by Excel software, according to the purpose and the type of data, and the corresponding statistical index and statistical inference, inspection level for α=0.05. Results: There were 265 cases with severe eye disease from March 2016 to April 2017. As for the regional distribution, Guangdong province was the largest, with 145 cases, while the lowest number was from foreign countries, which was 3 cases. In the population distribution, 167 cases were males, 98 were females and the ratio was 1.70. In age distribution, patients aged from 30 to 44 years and 45 to 59 years predominated and the number of cases were both 53, accounting for 20% of the total number. Patients over 70 were the least which were 13 cases, accounting for 4.9% of the total number. From March 2016 to April 2017, all sub-specialties attended consultation for 714 times, as Ocular Fundus Department attended the most, accounting for 20.5% of the total number while Conjunctive Department attended the least, for only one, accounting for 0.1% of the total number. As for the reason of the consultation, the number of cases involving multiple specialties was the largest, with 161 cases, while the lowest number of cases due to unexplained causes, which were 20 cases. The number of cases of explicit treatment was increased by 190 after consultation. Conclusion: Consultations organized by Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center improves the treatment for outpatients with severe eye disease.

海藻糖对实验性干眼病鼠结膜上皮细胞的影响

2019,34(3):141-149
陆宇杰,吴克虎,吴晓阳

目的:评价海藻糖滴眼液对摘除眶内眶外泪腺的实验性大鼠干眼的疗效。方法:SD 大鼠 30 只,随机分成正常组、对照组、实验组,每组 10 只(20 只眼)。正常组不给予处置,实验组和对照组通过摘除大鼠主泪腺制作干眼动物模型。对照组和实验组于造模完成术后 1 周后分别给予生理盐水、海藻糖滴眼液点双眼,每天 4 次,治疗共 4 周。分别于造模术前和造模术后 1、2、3、5 周进行基础泪液分泌试验(Shirmer I test),角膜上皮荧光染色评分检测;造模 5 周后将大鼠处死,采用免疫组织化学方法对结膜上皮细胞中 Bcl-2 和 Bax 凋亡基因蛋白表达进行检测,观察干眼动物模型结膜上皮细胞凋亡与眼表干眼病变及组织损伤的关系。结果:基础泪液分泌试验结果显示,对照组和实验组除术后第 5 周比较差异有统计学意义外(P < 0.05),其余时间点差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),术后各时间点与正常组比较差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。造模术后第 1 周,对照组和实验组角膜荧光染色评分明显高于正常组;术后第 2 周后,对照组和实验组评分差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),随着时间的延长,术后第 3 周和第 5 周,两组评分差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05),且实验组评分小于对照组。结膜上皮细胞免疫组织化学检测结果显示:正常组结膜上皮细胞 Bax 蛋白阳性表达的细胞数较对照组和实验组少,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),与实验组比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);正常组可见大量 Bcl-2 蛋白阳性表达,且多于实验组,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);对照组结膜上皮细胞中可见大量 Bax 蛋白阳性表达于细胞质,呈棕黄色颗粒,实验组中 Bax 蛋白阳性表达相对于对照组明显较少,两者差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);实验组结膜上皮细胞中可见大量 Bcl-2 蛋白阳性表达,对照组 Bcl-2 蛋白表达相对于实验组明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:海藻糖滴眼液可以减少角膜表层上皮脱落,对结膜上皮细胞有一定的保护作用,可以拮抗结膜上皮细胞的凋亡,从而增强角结膜上皮屏障功能,改善由干燥引起的眼表上皮的损伤。海藻糖溶液可用于眼表上皮疾病的潜在临床应用,为治疗眼表疾病如干眼症提供治疗选择。

Objective: To observe the efficacy of trehalose eye drops on experimental dry eye rat with removal of inside and outside lacrimal glands. Methods: A total of 30 SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a control group, and an experimental group, with 10 rats for each group (20 eyes). The normal group was not treated, and the experimental group and the control group were made into a dry eye animal model by removing the main lacrimal gland of the rat. The control group and the experimental group were given with normal saline and trehalose eye drops once a week after the completion of modeling, 4 times a day for 4 weeks. Shirmer I test and fluorescence staining test were carded before and 1, 2, 3, and 5 weeks after modeling. After 5 weeks of modeling, the rats were sacrificed and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax apoptosis protein in conjunctival epithelial cells was detected by immunohistochemistry in order to observe the relationship between apoptosis of conjunctival epithelial cells and dry eye lesions and tissue damage in dry eye animal models. Results: Schirme I test results showed that there was no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group (> 0.05) except for the 5th week after operation (< 0.05). There was a statistical difference between the two groups and the normal group at each time point after surgery (< 0.05). At the first week after modeling, the corneal fluorescence staining scores of the control group and the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the normal group. After the second week after surgery, there was no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group (> 0.05). The prolongation of time, the 3 week and the 5th week after surgery, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (< 0.05), and the score of the experimental group was smaller than the control group. The immunohistochemical results of conjunctival epithelial cells showed that the number of Bax protein positive cells in the normal conjunctival epithelial cells was less than that in the control group and the experimental group. The difference between the normal group and the control group was statistically significant (< 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups (> 0.05). There was a large amount of Bcl-2 protein in the normal group, which was more than the experimental group. The difference was not statistically significant (> 0.05), which was more than the control group. The difference was statistically significant (< 0.05); a large amount of Bax protein was positively expressed in the cytoplasm and brownish-yellow particles in the conjunctival epithelial cells of the control group. The positive expression of Bax protein in the experimental group was significantly less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (< 0.05). A large amount of Bcl-2 protein was positively expressed in the conjunctival epithelial cells of the experimental group, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the control group was significantly decreased compared with the experimental group (< 0.05).Conclusion: Trehalose eye drops can reduce epithelial detachment of the cornea and have a protective effect on conjunctival epithelial cells, which can antagonize the apoptosis of conjunctival epithelial cells, thereby enhancing the keratoconjunctival barrier function and improving the ocular surface epithelium caused bydryness. The potential clinical application of trehalose solution for ocular surface epithelial diseases and provide treatment options for ocular surface diseases, such as dry eye.

推广新生儿眼病筛查的必要性

2018,33(2):72-77
宁静静,黄学林,杨璇

目的:探讨推广新生儿眼病筛查以及婴儿期定期眼保健的必要性。方法:回顾分析 2014 年 1 月至 2016 年 12 月 20800 例惠州市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心门诊收集的婴儿眼保健资料。结果:共检出致盲性眼病 7 种 158 例,其中满 42 d 内检出 147 例,3 个月内检出 8 例,6 个月内检出 2 例,12 个月内检出 1 例。检出时已合并眼位、眼前节异常、影响视功能者 8 例。不同出生胎龄致盲性眼病检出率:≤ 34 周为 11.64%,34~37 周为 1.24%,≥ 37 周为 1.29%。相对于纸质宣传材料,开展家长学校讲课,利用 PPT 结合实际病例讲解,更有助于普及眼保健。相对于眼底检查,眼前节的方式更容易被接受、被推广。结论:致盲性眼病婴儿期发病在临床中并不少见,并且部分是可以早期筛查、早期治疗以避免视功能损害的。临床中需要大力普及眼保健知识,并可以在具备条件的医院,适当利用新生儿广域成像系统推广新生儿眼病普筛。


Objective: To discuss the necessity of screening for neonatal eye disease and regular eye care in infancy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 20 800 infants in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 was conducted. From January 2014 to December 2016. Results: Seven types of blindness eye diseases were detected in 158 cases, including 147 cases at 42 days, 8 cases at 3 months, 2 cases at 6 months and 1 case at 12 months after birth. Eight cases were supervened with abnormal eye position, anterior segment abnormality and poor visual function. The detection rate of blindness-inducing diseases was 11.64% for infants aged  34 weeks, 1.24% for 3437 weeks and 1.29% for 37 weeks. Compared with the paper propaganda materials, the introduction of parental school lectures and PPT combined with explanation of actual cases was more conducive to popularize eye care. Compared with fundus examination, anterior segment examination was more likely to be accepted and popularized. Conclusion: Eye disease inducing blindness in infancy are commonly encountered in clinical practice, which can be screened and treated early to avoid visual impairment. It is necessary to popularize the knowledge of eye care, and promote the screening of newborn eye disease in qualified hospitals.

论著

海藻糖对实验性干眼病鼠结膜上皮细胞的影响

2019,34(3):141-149
陆宇杰,吴克虎,吴晓阳
目的:评价海藻糖滴眼液对摘除眶内眶外泪腺的实验性大鼠干眼的疗效。方法:SD大鼠30只,随机分成正常组、对照组、实验组,每组10只(20只眼)。正常组不给予处置,实验组和对照组通过摘除大鼠主泪腺制作干眼动物模型。对照组和实验组于造模完成术后1周后分别给予生理盐水、海藻糖滴眼液点双眼,每天4次,治疗共4周。分别于造模术前和造模术后1,2,3,5周进行基础泪液分泌试验(Shirmer I test),角膜上皮荧光染色评分检测;造模5周后将大鼠处死,采用免疫组织化学方法对结膜上皮细胞中Bcl-2和Bax凋亡基因蛋白表达进行检测,观察干眼动物模型结膜上皮细胞凋亡与眼表干眼病变及组织损伤的关系。结果:基础泪液分泌试验结果显示,对照组和实验组除术后第5周比较差异有统计学意义外(P<0.05),其余时间点差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后各时间点与正常组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。造模术后第1周,对照组和实验组角膜荧光色染色评分明显高于正常组;术后第2周后,对照组和实验组评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),随着时间的延长,术后第3周和第5周,两组评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且实验组评分小于对照组。结膜上皮细胞免疫组织化学检测结果显示:正常组结膜上皮细胞Bax蛋白阳性表达的细胞数较对照组和实验组少,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与实验组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);正常组可见大量Bcl-2蛋白阳性表达,且多于实验组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组结膜上皮细胞中可见大量Bax蛋白阳性表达于细胞质,呈棕黄色颗粒,实验组中Bax蛋白阳性表达相对于对照组明显较少,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组结膜上皮细胞中可见大量Bcl-2蛋白阳性表达,对照组Bcl-2蛋白表达相对于实验组明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:海藻糖滴眼液可以减少角膜表层上皮脱落,对结膜上皮细胞有一定的保护作用,可以拮抗结膜上皮细胞的凋亡,从而增强角结膜上皮屏障功能,改善由干燥引起的眼表上皮的损伤。海藻糖溶液可用于眼表上皮疾病的潜在临床应用,为治疗眼表疾病如干眼症提供治疗选择。
Objective: To observe the efficacy of trehalose eye drops on experimental dry eye rat with removal of inside and outside lacrimal glands. Methods: A total of 30 SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a control group, and an experimental group, with 10 rats for each group (20 eyes). The normal group was not treated, and the experimental group and the control group were made into a dry eye animal model by removing the main lacrimal gland of the rat. The control group and the experimental group were given with normal saline and trehalose eye drops once a week after the completion of modeling, 4 times a day for 4 weeks. Shirmer I test and fluorescence staining test were carded before and 1, 2, 3, and 5 weeks after modeling. After 5 weeks of modeling, the rats were sacrificed and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax apoptosis protein in conjunctival epithelial cells was detected by immunohistochemistry in order to observe the relationship between apoptosis of conjunctival epithelial cells and dry eye lesions and tissue damage in dry eye animal models. Results: Schirme I test results showed that there was no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group (P>0.05) except for the 5th week after operation (P<0.05). There was a statistical difference between the two groups and the normal group at each time point after surgery (P<0.05). At the first week after modeling, the corneal fluorescence staining scores of the control group and the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the normal group. After the second week after surgery, there was no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group (P>0.05). The prolongation of time, the 3 week and the 5th week after surgery, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the score of the experimental group was smaller than the control group. The immunohistochemical results of conjunctival epithelial cells showed that the number of Bax protein positive cells in the normal conjunctival epithelial cells was less than that in the control group and the experimental group. The difference between the normal group and the control group was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). There was a large amount of Bcl- 2 protein in the normal group, which was more than the experimental group. The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05), which was more than the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); a large amount of Bax protein was positively expressed in the cytoplasm and brownish-yellow particles in the conjunctival epithelial cells of the control group. The positive expression of Bax protein in the experimental group was significantly less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). A large amount of Bcl-2 protein was positively expressed in the conjunctival epithelial cells of the experimental group, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the control group was significantly decreased compared with the experimental group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Trehalose eye drops can reduce epithelial detachment of the cornea and have a protective effect on conjunctival epithelial cells, which can antagonize the apoptosis of conjunctival epithelial cells,thereby enhancing the keratoconjunctival barrier function and improving the ocular surface epithelium caused by dryness. The potential clinical application of trehalose solution for ocular surface epithelial diseases and provide treatment options for ocular surface diseases, such as dry eye.
其他期刊
  • 眼科学报

    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    承办:中山大学中山眼科中心
    主编:林浩添
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  • Eye Science

    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    承办:中山大学中山眼科中心
    主编:林浩添
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