目的：调查眼科万古霉素使用情况，并对超说明书用药进行评价，为临床提供参考。方法 ：采用回顾性分析法，选取郑州市第二人民医院2022年1月1日—2024年12月眼科使用万古霉素的159例住院患者为研究对象，对患者基本信息、万古霉素的使用情况、微生物送检情况及超说明书用药情况等进行评价分析。结果：159例患者中男性占比76.1%，主要分布在眼底病病区，致病因素主要为眼外伤（102/159，64.15%），其次为手术源性（36/159，22.64%）。给药途径主要为玻璃体腔注射，以治疗用药为主，多联合头孢他啶治疗眼内感染。病原菌送检率为75.47%，标本检出率为35.07%。其中革兰阳性菌33例，占80.49%，主要为表皮葡萄球菌；革兰阴性菌5例，占12.20%，有大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌等；真菌4例，占9.76%，主要为曲霉菌。超说明书用药包括玻璃体腔注射、眼内灌洗及超适应证用于眼内炎的预防。玻璃体腔注射超说明书用药推荐等级及证据强度高于眼内灌洗和超适应证。结论 ：万古霉素在眼科临床应用广泛，应严格掌握适应证和用法用量。对于超说明书用药，应在充分评估其合理性和安全性后谨慎使用。本研究对万古霉素的规范化使用及药品说明书修订和个体化治疗具有重要的临床价值和现实意义。

Objective: To investigate the use of vancomycin in ophthalmology department and evaluate its off-label drug use, thereby providing references for clinical practice. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted, selecting 159 inpatients who received vancomycin treatment in the Department of Ophthalmology of our hospital from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2024. The basic information of the patients, details of vancomycin, microbial testing results, and off-label drug use were evaluated and analyzed. Results: Among the 159 patients, male patients accounted for 76.1%, and there were mainly distributed in the fundus disease area. The primary pathogenic factor was ocular trauma (102/159,64.15%), followed by surgical causes (36/159,22.64%). The main route of vancomycin administration was intravitreal injection, primarily for therapeutic purposes. It was often combined with ceftazidime to treat intraocular infections. The submission rate of pathogenic bacteria was 75.47%, and the specimen detection rate was 35.07%. There were 33 cases of gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 80.49%, mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis; 5 cases of gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 12.20%, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.; and 4 cases of fungi, accounting for 9.76%, mainly Aspergillus. Off-label drug use included intravitreal injections, intraocular lavage, and the use of drugs highly suitable for the preventing endophthalmitis. Endogenous infections were mainly caused by gram-negative bacteria. The evidence-based medicine support for vancomycin intravitreal injection in the treatment of endophthalmitis is strong. The recommended grade and evidence strength of off-label use of intravitreal injection are higher than those of intraocular lavage and off-label use. Conclusions: Vancomycin is widely used in ophthalmology, and its indications, usage, and dosage should be strictly controlled. Off-label drug use should be used with caution after a comprehensive evaluation of its rationality and safety. This study holds significant clinical value and practical significance for the standardized use of vancomycin, the revision of drug instructions, and individualized treatment.

目的：调查神经眼科用药现状，并对其超说明书用药进行评价，探索科学有效的管理策略，为神经眼科的临床合理用药提供参考。方法：随机抽取2023年7—12月郑州市第二人民医院神经眼科处方，依据国家药品监督管理局核准的药品说明书、美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA)说明书及PubMed、Micromedex等循证医学数据库证据判断超说明书用药类型，并对其进行分类(包括超适应证、超剂量、超疗程、超给药途径等)。同时基于Thomson分级理论建立三级评价标准，分别为A级(高证据等级，仅需口头告知)，B级(中证据等级，需在病历或病程中详细记录)，C级(低证据等级，须患者签署书面知情同意书)。通过处方前置审核系统干预，对未纳入评价标准的超说明书用药进行实时拦截与分级警示，比较2023年下半年(干预前)与2024年下半年(干预后)超说明书用药处方的不合理率变化。 结果：干预前共抽取超说明书处方370张，超说明书类型主要为超适应证、超给药途径和超剂量及次。干预后，共抽取超说明书用药560张，超说明书用药不合理率从9.2%(34/370)降至2.9%(16/560)。结论：神经眼科超说明书用药普遍，主要源于视神经炎、缺血性视神经病变等复杂疾病的治疗需求与药品审批滞后之间的矛盾。基于循证医学证据构建分级管理体系，结合信息化实时干预，可有效规范超说明书用药行为，降低医疗风险。

Objective: To investigate the current status of medication use in neuro-ophthalmology, evaluate off-label drug use, and explore scientific and effective management strategies, providing references for rational drug use in neuro-ophthalmology clinical practice. Methods: We Randomly selected neuro-ophthalmology prescriptions from July to December 2023 in our hospital. By refering to the drug instructions approved by the National Medical Products Administration, FDA instructions, and evidence from evidence-based medical databases such as PubMed and Micromedex, we identified and classified the types of off-label drug use, including off-label indications, off-label doses, off-label courses, off-label administration routes, among others. Simultaneously, based on the Thomson classification theory, we established a threelevel evaluation standard: Level A (high evidence level, requiring only oral notification); Level B (medium evidence level, necessitating detailed records in the medical record or medical course); Level C (low evidence level, demanding patients sign a written informed consent form). Through the intervention of pre-prescription review system, we carried out real-time interception and classification warnings for off-label drug use not covered in the evaluation standards. We then compared the changes in the unreasonable rate of off-label drug use prescriptions from the second half of 2023 (before intervention) to the second half of 2024 (after intervention). Results: Before the intervention, a total of 1852 prescriptions were selected, with the proportion of off-label drug use at 19.98% (370 prescriptions), primarily involving off-label indications (90.27%). After the intervention, the unreasonable rate of off-label drug use decreased from 9.2% (34/370) to 2.9% (16/560). Conclusions: Off-label drug use is prevalent in neuro-ophthalmology, mainly due to the conflict between the treatment requirements for complex diseases such as optic neuritis and ischemic optic neuropathy and the delay in drug approval. By constructing a hierarchical management system based on evidence-based medical evidence and combing it with real-time information-based intervention, we can effectively regulate off-label drug use behavior and reduce medical risks.

目的：调查眼科学硕士研究生批判性思维能力的现况，并了解其相关因素。方法：采用中文版评判性思维能力测量表(Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version, CTDI-CV)对81名眼科学硕士研究生进行问卷调查，比较不同性别、年级、学位类别、学制的学生批判性思维能力的差异。结果：81名眼科学硕士研究生的CTDI-CV总分为(294.79±29.18)分，表明普遍具备积极的批判性思维能力，但“寻找真相”和“系统化能力”得分较低；不同年级与学位类型的眼科学硕士研究生的批判性思维能力等级分布存在差异。多因素线性回归显示，学位类型与眼科学硕士研究生的批判性思维能力相关。结论：眼科学硕士研究生普遍展现出正性的批判性思维特质，但在特定领域，其批判性思维能力仍有待提高，研究生教育应当采取针对性措施，培养研究生的批判性思维能力。

Objective: To investigate the current situation of critical thinking abilities of masters’ degree postgraduates in ophthalmology and identify the factors affecting the critical thinking abilities. Methods: Using the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version (CTDI-CV), a questionnaire survey was conducted among 81 masters’ degree postgraduates in ophthalmology. Results: The average total score of the CTDI-CV for the 81 master’s degree postgraduates in ophthalmology was 294.79±29.18, indicating a general possession of positive critical thinking abilities, yet scores in “Truth Seeking” and “Systematicity” were relatively low. There are differences in critical thinking abilities among master’s degree postgraduates in ophthalmology of various grades and degree categories. Multivariate linear regression indicates that degree categories is correlated with the critical thinking abilities of ophthalmology graduate students. Conclusions: The masters’ degree postgraduates in ophthalmology generally exhibit positive traits of critical thinking, yet there is room for improvement in specific areas. Postgraduate education should adopt targeted measures to cultivate the critical thinking abilities of postgraduates.

目的：调查八年制临床医学生对眼科学直播课堂的满意度及教学效果。方法：基于八年制临床医 学生的直播课堂教学体验视角，进行问卷调查、课堂测验及课程考试，问卷内容包括调查对象基 本情况、直播课堂教学评价及满意度3个部分。采用SPSS 20.0统计学软件进行数据分析。结果：共 92名学生完成了问卷调查，男37名，女55名，年龄为(22.9±0.71)岁。课堂内容、课堂资源、平台设 计、平台技术及学习交流5个纬度的得分为40.60±4.582、17.43±2.814、13.07±1.759、13.14±2.052、 20.82±2.685；其中，与线下课堂交流相似性、学习交流积极性2个子条目的得分最低，分别为 3.42±1.131、3.85±0.864，这二者具有相关性(r=0.276，P=0.008)。直播课堂满意度的总得分为 13.52±1.872，课堂内容对其有显著影响(P<0.001)，标准化回归系数为0.687。相较于课前测验，课 测验成绩(65.9±11.4分)的提升差异具有统计学意义(P=0.033)；但是与2013级相比，2015级学生的 课程考试成绩(72.6±7.0分)降低，差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。结论：课堂内容对直播课堂教学满 意度具有重要影响，需要注意直播课堂与线下课堂交流方式的差异，改进学习交流的参与积极性， 以提升教学效果。

Objective: To investigate the satisfaction and teaching effect of 8-year program medical students in live-streamed classroom on ophthalmology. Methods Based on teaching experience of live-streamed classroofrom the perspective of the 8-year program medical students, a questionnaire survey, classroom tests and course examination were conducted. The content of the questionnaire includes 3 parts: the basic information of the respondents, evaluation of live-streamed classroom teaching and its satisfaction. The SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 92 students completed the questionnaire survey, including 37 males and 55 females, aged (22.9±0.71) years. The sores of content, resource, platform design, platform technology and learning communication of live-streamed classroom were 40.60±4.582, 17.43±2.814, 13.07±1.759, 13.14±2.052 and 20.82±2.685, respectively. Among all items, the scores of the similarity of offline classroom communication styles and enthusiasm for communication were lowest, with the points of 3.42±1.131 and 3.85±0.864, respectively, and the correlation of the two items were statistically significant (correlation coefficient =0.276, P=0.008). The total score of the live-streamed classroom satisfaction was 13.52±1.872. The classroom content has a significant effect on the satisfaction of the live-streamed classroom (P<0.001), and the standardized regression coefficient is 0.687. Compared with the pre-class test, the post-class test score was 65.9±11.4, with a statistically significant improvement (P=0.033); however, compared with grade 2013, the course test score of the students of grade 2015 was 72.6±7.0, with a statistically significant reduction (P=0.009). Conclusion: The classroom content has an important impact on the satisfaction of live-streamed classroom teaching. It is necessary to pay attention to the communication difference between live -streamed classroom and offline classroom settings, and improve the enthusiasm for participation in the study communication, in order to improve the effectiveness of teaching. 

目的：了解目前眼科住院医师规范化培训前职业认同感现状，并探讨相关影响因素。方法：于2024年7—8月，通过问卷调查法调查64名临床医学眼科住培医师，了解其住院医师规范化培训前的职业认同感现状和影响因素，同时探讨规范化培训对于其职业认同感的影响及作用，通过描述性分析、t检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关性分析、多元线性回归分析等方法对相关数据进行分析。结果：规范化培训前，职业认同感评分、职业认知、职业情感、职业承诺、职业行为、职业期望、职业价值观等评分分别为（143.16±12.25）（3.60 ± 0.94）（3.98 ± 0.71）（3.61 ± 1.01）（3.89 ± 0.65）（3.84 ± 0.78）（3.71 ± 0.86）分。规范化培训后，眼科住培医师职业期望评分略有降低，与规范化培训前比较差异有统计学意义 (均P  < 0.01), 其他职业认同度部分条目评分在规范化培训前后比较差异无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。女生对于眼科医学的职业情感（P = 0.01）及职业价值观高于男生（P = 0.03）。本科时担任学生干部的眼科住培医师职业情感高于非学生干部的学生（P < 0.01）。第一选择为眼科的眼科住培医师的医学职业期望（P  < 0.01）和职业价值观更高（（P = 0.02）。而学历、临床医学志愿选择与职业认同感差异均统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。此外，规范化培训一定程度增强了眼科住培医师的显微操作能力和职业信心。结论：住院医师规范化培训前眼科住培医师的职业认同感较高，但仍有待进一步提高。眼科住培医师的职业认同感与职业看法、培训内容、教学资源等因素密切相关。

Objective: To investigate the current status of professional identity among ophthalmology residents before standardized resident training and to explore the influencing factors. Methods: A survey was conducted from July to August 2024 involving 64 clinical ophthalmology residents. The survey assessed their professional identity before standardized resident training and examined the impact and role of pre-residency training on their professional identity. Descriptive analysis, t-tests, univariate analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. Results: Before pre-residency training, the scores for overall professional identity, professional cognition, professional emotion, professional commitment, professional behavior, professional expectations, and professional values were (143.16 ± 12.25), (3.60 ± 0.94), (3.98 ± 0.71), (3.61 ± 1.01), (3.89 ± 0.65), (3.84 ± 0.78), and (3.71 ± 0.86), respectively. However, after pre-residency training, the score for professional expectations among ophthalmology residents decreased slightly (P < 0.01), while no significant statistical differences were observed in other items related to professional identity (all P > 0.05). Female residents had higher scores in professional emotion (P = 0.01) and professional values (P = 0.03) than male residents. Ophthalmology residents who had served as student leaders during undergraduate studies had higher scores in professional emotion (P < 0.01). Residents who chose ophthalmology as their first preference had higher scores in professional expectations (P  < 0.01) and professional values (P = 0.02). However, no significant differences were found among educational levels, clinical medicine preferences, and professional identity. In addition, pre-residency training enhanced the residents micro-surgical skills and professional confidence. Conclusions: The professional identity of clinical ophthalmology medical students before standardized resident training is relatively high but still needs improvement. Professional identity is closely related to factors such as professional views, training content, and teaching resources.

目的：了解干眼患者相关知识、管理态度及防治行为的现状及影响因素，为临床制定针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法：采用便利抽样法，选取2025年1—3月在中山大学中山眼科中心干眼与眼表疾病门诊就诊的患者为研究对象。调查工具为一般资料调查表、中国干眼问卷及干眼患者知信行问卷。知信行问卷包括知识（16个条目）、态度（7个条目）、行为（9个条目） 3个维度，共32个条目。使用单因素分析及多元线性回归分析确定影响因素。 结果：有效回收调查问卷325份，325例干眼患者的知信行问卷平均得分为（62.89±9.00）分；标准分为（78.61±11.25）分，处于中等水平。其中知识维度平均得分为（9.89±4.88）分，134例（41.2%）处于较差水平；态度维度得分较高，总均分为（26.92±2.24）分，标准分（96.16±8.03）分，处于较高水平；行为维度总均分为（26.06±5.43）分，标准分（72.41±15.09）分，处于中等水平。单因素分析结果显示，不同年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、是否经常使用电子设备、是否主动查询疾病知识的干眼患者，其知信行得分比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。年龄、文化程度、是否主动查询疾病知识是干眼患者知信行得分的影响因素（P<0.05）。 结论：干眼患者知信行水平处于中等，表现为疾病知识掌握片面、防治态度较积极但行为水平有待提高，且受多因素影响，应制订精准、个性化健康教育内容，以提高干眼患者的知信行水平。

Objective: To investigate the current status and identify the influencing factors regarding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dry eye disease (DED) among patients. This study aims to provide a solid foundation for the development of targeted clinical interventions. Methods: With convenience sampling, patients diagnosed with DED were selected at the Dry Eye and Ocular Surface Disease Clinic of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from January to March 2025 as study subjects. The survey tools consisted of a general information questionnaire, the Chinese Dry Eye Questionnaire, and the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Questionnaire for DED patients. The KAP questionnaire was structured into three dimensions: knowledge (16 items), attitudes (7 items), and practices (9 items), making a total of 32 items. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were employed to identify influencing factors. Results: A total of 325 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the 325 DED patients, the average KAP score was 62.89±9.00, and the standardized score was 78.61±11.25, indicating a moderate level. In the knowledge dimension, the average score was 9.89±4.88 and 134 patients (41.2%) had poor scores. The attitudes dimension showed a relatively high level, with a total mean score of 26.92±2.24 and a standardized score of 96.16±8.03, reflecting that the patients generally held positive attitudes towards the prevention and treatment of DED. For the practices dimension, the total mean score was 26.06±5.43, and the standardized score was 72.41±15.09, indicating a moderate level of behaviorial practices. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in KAP scores among patients with different ages, education levels, monthly household income per capita, frequencies of electronic device use, and whether they actively sought disease-related knowledge (P<0.05). Further, age, education level, and proactive information-seeking behavior were identified as significant influencing factors for KAP scores (P<0.05). Conclusions: The KAP level of DED patients is moderate. Their disease knowlege is fragmented, while they exhibit positive attitudes toward prevention and treatment. However, their behavioral practices are subptimal and are influenced by multiple factors. Therefore, it is essential to develop tailored and personalized health education programs to enhance the KAP level of DED patients.

目的：通过三棱镜融合储备力试验检查了解正常青少年的双眼水平融像性聚散范围。方法：横断面研究，随机分层整群抽样调查。在汕头地区调查9所城乡中小学校，共7 537人。从体检学生中抽取双眼正常学生4 012名，用排状三棱镜检查双眼近距水平聚散力，在融像破裂点记录三棱镜度数。按集合与散开、年龄、性别等因素对结果作分层统计分析。结果：总体检人数7 464人，其中双眼祼眼视力≥0.8为4 012人，占体检人数的53.75%；研究对象的双眼散开运动范围平均为15.87△±10.74△，双眼集合运动范围平均为26.41△±12.04△；4~8岁组及9~11岁组的双眼集合与散开运动范围均高于12~20岁组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；女性的双眼集合能力高于男性。结论：在本调查人群中，双眼集合运动的储备力高于散开运动；年龄越小，双眼异向运动的储备力越强。

Objective: To investigate the fusional range by using prism bar among students in Shantou City of Guangdong Province, China. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 4 012 normal eye subjects among randomly selected 7 537 students aged 6 to 19 years from 9 schools in Shantou City. Horizontal fusional range measured with prism bar. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software to investigate the association of age, gender, vergence and divergence. Results: A total of 7 464 students were examined, including 3 928 boys and 3 536 girls, mean age 11 years. The number of students with binocular vision ≥0.8 was 4 012, accounting for 53.75% of the number of fusional examination; the mean vergence range was 15.87△±10.74△, and the mean divergence range was 26.41△±12.04△. The vergence and divergence range group of 4 to 8 years and 9 to  11 years students was higher than the group of 12 to 20 years, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The vergence range of female students was higher than that of male students. Conclusion: In this study, the vergence range is higher than divergence. With an increase in ages, the range of vergence and divergence decreases.

目的：探讨与甲状腺相关眼病患者的生活质量，为做好个体化的护理提供理论依据。方法：采用甲状腺相关眼病的生活质量调查问卷进行调查，用R语言进行数据分析。结果：年龄与视功能评分成负相关(P<0.001，r=–0.504)，与社会心理评分成正相关(P=0.002，r=0.327)。文化程度与视功能评分成正相关(P<0.001，r=0.391)，与社会心理评分无相关关系(P=0.749)。不同症状的视功能评分之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论：通过甲状腺相关眼病的生活质量调查问卷可知，年龄越大，视功能越差，不同症状的患者视功能情况不同，要关注年龄大、复视、视力差患者的安全；在护理上，要做好患者及其有甲状腺功能亢进史家属的健康宣教，尤其关注女性患者的社会心理状况。

Objective: To explore the factors related to the quality of life of patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy, and to provide theoretical basis for individual nursing. Methods: The quality of life questionnaire of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy was used to investigate, and the data were analyzed by R language. Results: There was a negative correlation between age and visual function score (P<0.001, r=-0.504), and positively correlated with social psychological score (P=0.002, r=0.327). There was a positive correlation between educational level and visual function score (P<0.001, r=0.391), and had no correlation with social psychological score (P=0.749). There were statistically significant differences in visual function scores among different symptoms (P<0.001).Conclusion: The quality of life of thyroid-related eye disease questionnaire showed that the older, the worse the visual function. Different symptoms of patients had different visual function. We should pay attention to the patients with older, diplopia and poor vision, do health education with the patients and family members with the history of hyperthyroidism as well, especially concern with the social and psychological status of female patients.

目的：调查临床医学5年制本科生对见习教学的满意度，并分析其影响因素。方法：采用匿名线上问卷调查，向中山大学2019级临床医学5年制4年级的结束所有临床科室见习的本科生发放见习满意度问卷。结果：共有75人完成了问卷调查。在最满意的见习课程中，眼科学见习满意度最高(39人，52%)，其次是外科学(18人，24%)和内科学(7人，9.33%)。教学满意度的影响因素综合得分排名前5位的选项分别是“A课程设置合理，临床见习重点突出”“B见习小课授课水平高”“C师资配备好，小组教学”“D临床资源丰富，利于见习教学”以及“E教学方法先进，方式灵活多样，新型教学形式丰富”。在选择排序第一(B 33.33%，A 25.86%，E 21.15%)和第二(E 26.92%，B 24.56%，A 24.14%)的影响因素时，前三位的选项均为A、B、E，学生对见习课程设置、见习小课水平和见习教学方式、方法非常重视。在学生从事眼科专业的意愿方面，5人(6.67%)表示非常愿意、32人(42.67%)表示有可能今后从事眼科专业，二者比例合计与眼科学获得最满意见习课程的比例非常接近。结论：见习课程设置、小课授课水平以及见习教学的方式、方法是见习教学满意度的重要影响因素。临床见习的满意度对学生的职业导向具有一定的影响。

Objective: To investigate the satisfaction of 5-year undergraduate students in clinical medicine with clerkship teaching and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: Anonymous online questionnaire survey was conducted. Satisfaction questionnaires were distributed to undergraduate students in the 4th year of the 5-year clinical medicine at Sun Yat- sen University who had completed clerkship in all clinical departments. Results: A total of 75 students completed the questionnaire survey. Among the most satisfactory clerkship courses, ophthalmology had the highest satisfaction rate (39 votes, 52%), followed by surgery (18 votes, 24%) and internal medicine (7 votes, 9.33%). Te top 5 options in terms of comprehensive scores for infuencing factors of teaching satisfaction are "A. Reasonable curriculum with prominent focuses", "B. High clerkship class teaching level", "C. Strong teaching staf", "D. Abundant clinical resources ", and "E. Advanced teaching methods ". When selecting the infuencing factors that rank frst (B 33.33%, A 25.86%, E 21.15%) and second (E 26.92%, B 24.56%, A 24.14%), the top three options are A, B, and E. Students atach great importance to the seting of clerkship courses, the level of clerkship courses, and the teaching methods. In terms of students' willingness to engage in ophthalmology, 5 students (6.67%) expressed great willingness, and 32 students (42.67%) expressed the possibility. Conclusions: Te seting of clerkship courses, the level of small class teaching, and the clerkship teaching method are important infuencing factors of clerkship satisfaction. Te satisfaction of clerkship has a certain impact on students' career selection.

目的：探讨眼科住院医师规范化培训中睑板腺囊肿诊疗的培训效果及存在的问题，以期改进培训方式。方法：以2020年4月在中山大学中山眼科中心培训的154名学员为对象，进行问卷调查，采用SPSS 20.0统计学软件进行数据分析。结果：共76名专业型硕士(专硕)、78名住院医师培训(住培)学员完成了问卷调查。专硕具有睑板腺囊肿诊断、保守治疗及手术主刀经验的比例分别为40.8%、11.8%、7.9%；住培则显著高于前者，分别为79.5%(P<0.001)、60.3%(P<0.001)和21.8%(P=0.016)。对于关键诊疗环节的判断，90.8%的专硕选择了临床诊断(P=0.007)，94.9%的住培则选择治疗方案(P<0.001)。去除囊壁、术中意外与破溃皮肤的处理是专硕难以掌握的手术步骤(P<0.001)；而住培仅为去除囊壁(P<0.001)。结论：睑板腺囊肿诊疗水平在眼科住院医师规范化培训中亟待提高，并根据各类型学员的临床能力和认知差异，进行分级分类培训。

Objective: To explore the teaching effect of diagnosis and treatment on chalazion in the standardized training of ophthalmology residents and its existing problems, in order to improve the quality of the training systems. Methods: A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted with 154 ophthalmology residents in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center in April 2020, and the investigative data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: Totally 76 medical postgraduates and 78 ophthalmology residents completed the questionnaire survey. The proportions of medical postgraduates who had individual experience on diagnosis, conservative and surgical treatment of chalazion were 40.8%, 11.8%, and 7.9%. Compared to the former, ophthalmology residents had significantly higher proportion, with 79.5% (P<0.001), 60.3% (P<0.001), and 21.8% (P=0.016), respectively. For judging the important aspect of diagnosis and treatment process, the medical postgraduates chose the clinical diagnosis (90.8%) (P=0.007), while the ophthalmology residents paid more attention on treatment options (94.9%) (P<0.001). In the surgical procedures, removal of cyst wall, management of intraoperative accidents and skin ulcers are all their difficult skills to master for medical postgraduates (P<0.001), while only removal of cyst wall for residents (P<0.001). Conclusion: The training level of diagnosis and treatment of chalazion still needs to be improved in the standardized training of ophthalmology residents. The training should be carried out according to the clinical competence and cognition differences of various types of students.