目的：评估显微射频消融术治疗异位睫毛的临床疗效和安全性。方法：回顾性分析接受显微射频消融术治疗的18例异位睫毛患者资料，均采用美国Ellman公司Surgitron射频刀进行治疗，术后随访至少3个月。观察指标包括异位睫毛清除率、达到治愈所需治疗次数、并发症、患者满意度。采用Spearman等级相关分析评估患者基线特征与治疗次数的相关性。结果：共纳入18例患者30眼。显微射频消融术的术后即刻异位睫毛清除率达100%。5眼（16.7%）经单次治疗后达到治愈，11眼（36.7%）需要2次治疗达到治愈，13眼（43.3%）需要3次治疗达到治愈，1眼（3.3%）需要3次以上治疗达到治愈。主要并发症包括干眼13眼（43.3%）、睑缘炎症1眼（3.3%），未发现睑缘畸形、瘢痕等严重并发症。患者满意度调查显示非常满意16例（88.9%），基本满意2例（11.1%），总体满意度（非常满意+基本满意）达100%。相关性分析提示倒睫数量与达到治愈的治疗次数呈显著正相关（rs=0.672, P=0.002）。结论：显微射频消融术治疗异位睫毛具有精确定位、有效破坏毛囊、治疗时间短、创伤小、恢复快、安全性高等优点，患者满意度高，是治疗异位睫毛的有效方法。
Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of microscopic radiofrequency ablation in treating of distichiasis and aberrant lashes. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on 18 patients with trichiasis (distichiasis and aberrant lashes) who underwent microscopic radiofrequency ablation treatment. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 3 months after the operation. The outcome measures included trichiasis clearance rate, the number of treatment sessions needed to achieve success, complications, and patient satisfaction. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the baseline characteristics of patients and the number of treatment sessions. Results: The study included 18 patients with a total of 30 eyes. Immediately after the operation, the trichiasis clearance rate achieved through microscopic radiofrequency ablation was 100%. Among the eyes, 5 eyes (16.7%) were successful treatment after just one session, 11 eyes (36.7%) required 2 treatment sessions, 13 eyes (43.3%) needed 3 treatment sessions, and 1 eye (3.3%) required more than 3 treatment sessions to achieve success. The major complications included dry eye in 13 cases (43.3%) and eyelid margin inflammation in 1 case (3.3%). Notably, no severe complications such as eyelid deformity or scarring were observed. According to the patient satisfaction survey, 16 cases (88.9%) reported being very satisfied, and 2 cases (11.1%) were basically satisfied, resulting in an overall satisfaction rate of 100%. The correlation analysis indicated that the number of trichiatic eyelashes was significantly positively correlated with the number of treatment sessions (rs=0.672, P=0.002). Conclusions: Microscopic radiofrequency ablation for distichiasis and aberrant lashes treatment boasts serveral advantages, including precise localization, effective destruction of hair follicle, short treatment duration, minimal trauma, rapid recovery, and high safety. With a high level of patient satisfaction, it serves as an effective treatment method for distichiasis and aberrant lashes.
目的：观察弱内向整流相关及花生四烯酸激活的弱内向整流相关双孔钾离子通道（tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying related-tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying related arachidonic acid activated two pore-domain potassium channels，TREK-TRAAK K2P）激活对氧化损伤的人视网膜色素上皮细胞（retinal pigment epithelial, RPE）吞噬功能的影响。方法：免疫荧光法检测TREK-1、TREK-2及TRAAK通道蛋白在人RPE细胞的表达，以不同时间和浓度梯度的叔丁基过氧化氢（tert-butyl hydroperoxide, t-BHP）诱导人RPE细胞氧化损伤。分对照组、t-BHP组、利鲁唑加t-BHP组，利鲁唑组，向各组加入2×107/mL的荧光微球或FITC标记猪感光细胞外节膜盘孵育6 h，固定染色后荧光显微镜拍照，Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件分析计算RPE细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数。结果：TREK-1、TREK-2、TREEK通道蛋白亚型在人RPE细胞质中均高表达。人RPE细胞在t-BHP干预后存活率呈浓度和时间依赖性，200 μmol/L t-BHP干预6 h与对照组存活率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），400μmol/L t-BHP干预6 h致半数死亡。特异性吞噬指数：t-BHP组低于其他各组（P＜0.001），而利鲁唑组高于对照组，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。特异性吞噬率：t-BHP组低于其他各组，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。非特异性吞噬指数：t-BHP组低于其他各组（P＜0.001）；非特异性吞噬率：t-BHP组低于利鲁唑加t-BHP组，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），两两比较，仅利鲁唑组高于t-BHP组（P＜0.05）。结论：激活TREK-TRAAK K2P通道可保护氧化损伤人RPE细胞的吞噬功能。
Abstract Objective: To observe the effect of TREK-TRAAK K2P activation on the phagocytic function of oxidative damaged human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). Methods: Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of TREK-1, TREK-2 and TRAAK channel proteins in human RPE cells, and the RPE cell oxidative damage model was induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) at different time and concentration gradients. The study was divided into control group, t-BHP model group, riluzole plus t-BHP group, and riluzole group. 2×107/mL fluorescent microspheres or FITC-labeled porcine photoreceptor outer segment membrane discs were added to each group for 6h incubation, fluorescence photos were obtained after fixation and staining, and the phagocytosis rate and phagocytosis index of RPE cells was analyzed and calculated by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Results: TREK-1, TREK-2, and TREEK channel subtype proteins were all highly expressed in the human RPE cytoplasm. The survival rate of human RPE cells after t-BHP intervention was concentration- and time-dependent. There was no statistical difference in the survival rate between 200 μmol/L t-BHP intervention for 6 hours and the control group (P>0.05), and 400 μmol/L t-BHP intervention for 6 hours induced half death. Specific phagocytic index: The t-BHP group was lower than other groups (P<0.001). Specific phagocytosis rate: the t-BHP group was lower than other groups, with no statistical difference (P>0.05). Nonspecific phagocytic index: the t-BHP group was lower than other groups (P<0.001); nonspecific phagocytic rate: the t-BHP model group was lower than the riluzole plus t-BHP group, with no statistical difference (P>0.05), and only the riluzole group was higher than the t-BHP model group (P＜0.05) in pairwise comparison. Conclusions: Activation of TREK-TRAAK K2P can protect the phagocytic function of human RPE cells damaged by oxidative stress.
目的：调查新疆喀什地区英吉沙县芒辛镇60岁及以上老年人群眼底疾病患病率及其分布特征，分析该地区眼底疾病流行病学现状，为西部高海拔地区眼底疾病防控策略制定和基层眼健康服务体系建设提供科学依据和数据支撑。方法：采用横断面研究设计，于2024年5—6月对芒辛镇60岁及以上常住人口进行调查。纳入标准为年龄≥60岁、在当地连续居住≥6个月、自愿参与并签署知情同意书者。=采用标准化眼科检查包括视力测定、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜检查、眼底照相等，同时进行结构化问卷调查收集基本信息、生命体征测量和实验室检查。眼底疾病诊断严格按照国内外相关诊断标准执行，采用SPSS24.0软件进行统计分析，计算各类眼底疾病患病率及其95%置信区间。结果：共调查1 310名老年人，响应率为76.76%。研究对象中男性669人（51.1%），女性641人（48.9%），平均年龄68.4±6.6岁。眼底疾病总患病率为16.1%（95% CI：14.2~18.0）。各类眼底疾病患病率依次为：年龄相关性黄斑变性5.9%（77例），视神经萎缩2.8%（36例），黄斑前膜2.3%（30例），糖尿病性视网膜病变1.8%（23例），其他黄斑病变1.07%（14例）、高血压性视网膜病变0.99%（13例）。其他眼底疾病包括高度近视眼底改变、视网膜色素变性、黄斑裂孔、血管炎、视网膜出血等，患病率均低于0.38%。在糖尿病患者中，糖尿病性视网膜病变患病率为20.8%，与国内外相关研究结果基本一致。结论：新疆芒辛镇老年人群眼底疾病患病率较高，年龄相关性黄斑变性是最主要的眼底疾病类型。研究结果填补了西部高海拔地区眼底疾病流行病学数据空白，提示应建立针对性的分层筛查和防控体系，重点关注老年人的眼底健康管理，推广便携式眼底照相结合远程医疗的筛查模式，提升基层眼健康服务的可及性与质量。
Objective: To investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of fundus diseases among the elderly population aged 60 and above in Mangxin Town, Yingjisha County, Kashi, Xinjiang, and to analyze the epidemiological status of fundus diseases in this region, thereby providing a scientific basis and data support for the development of fundus disease prevention and control strategies and the construction of a primary eye health service system in high-altitude areas of Western China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2024 among the permanent residents aged 60 and above in Mangxin Town. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 60 years, local residence for ≥ 6 months, and voluntary participation with signed informed consent. Data were collected through standardized ophthalmological examinations (including visual acuity testing, intraocular pressure measurement, slit-lamp microscopy, and fundus photography), structured questionnaire surveys, vital sign measurements, and laboratory tests. Diagnoses of fundus diseases were strictly based on domestic and international diagnostic criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0 to calculate the prevalence rates of various fundus diseases and their 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 1,310 elderly individuals were included, with a response rate of 76.76%. Among them, 669 (51.1%) were male and 641 (48.9%) were female, with a mean age of 68.4 ± 6.6 years. The overall prevalence of fundus diseases was 16.1% (95% CI: 14.2–18.0). The prevalence rates of specific fundus diseases were as follows: age-related macular degeneration, 5.9% (77 cases); optic atrophy, 2.8% (36 cases); epiretinal membrane, 2.3% (30 cases); diabetic retinopathy, 1.8% (23 cases); other macular diseases, 1.07% (14 cases); and hypertensive retinopathy, 0.99% (13 cases). Other fundus diseases, including high myopia-related fundus changes, retinitis pigmentosa, macular hole, vasculitis, and retinal hemorrhage, each had a prevalence of less than 0.38%. Among diabetic patients, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 20.8%, which is consistent with previous domestic and international studies. Conclusions: The prevalence of fundus diseases among the elderly in Mangxin Town, Xinjiang, is relatively high, with age-related macular degeneration being the most common type. This study fills a gap in the epidemiological data on fundus diseases in high-altitude regions of Western China. The findings highlight the need to establish a targeted stratified screening and prevention system, strengthen fundus health management in the elderly, and promote a screening model combining portable fundus photography with telemedicine to improve the accessibility and quality of primary eye health services.
脂质运载蛋白2（LCN2/NGAL）是一种多效性分泌糖蛋白，通过调控铁代谢、炎症反应及细胞死亡（铁死亡、凋亡）等机制，广泛参与眼科疾病的病理进程。生理状态下，LCN2在角膜上皮、视网膜神经节细胞层等部位低表达；病理条件下，其表达显著上调且功能呈现高度背景依赖性。在各类眼科疾病（如干眼症、角膜疾病、葡萄膜炎、青光眼、视网膜疾病等）中，既可表现为促炎促凋亡的致病因子，亦能发挥抗炎保护作用。靶向调控LCN2表达或其下游通路可能为眼科疾病治疗提供新策略。
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2/NGAL) is a multifunctional secretory glycoprotein that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ophthalmic diseases by regulating iron metabolism, inflammatory responses, and cell death pathways (ferroptosis, apoptosis). Under physiological conditions, LCN2 is expressed at low levels in tissues such as the corneal epithelium and retinal ganglion cell layer. However, its expression is significantly upregulated under pathological conditions, exhibiting highly context-dependent functionality. In major ophthalmic diseases—including dry eye disease, corneal disorders, uveitis, glaucoma, and retinal diseases—LCN2 can act either as a pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic pathogenic factor or as an anti-inflammatory protective agent. Targeted modulation of LCN2 expression or its downstream pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for ocular diseases.
本文应用接触式和非接触式角膜内皮照相机对 4 例虹膜角膜内皮综合征（包括 2 例 Chandler's 综合征、1 例 Cogan-Reese 综合征和 1 例进行性实质性虹膜萎缩）作角膜内皮细胞观察照相研究。可见病眼角膜内皮细胞均有相同的病理性形态学改变，结合临床表现和病理学检查所见，提示这几种不同表现的病变有可能是具有相同发病学基础的同一种疾病，亦支待这一类病变的基本病因是角膜内皮细胞的异常增殖所致，而且健眼角膜内皮细胞亦可见有改变，说明双眼可受影响。本文对内皮细胞密度的变化、角膜内皮细胞异常增殖和神经嵴细胞分化学说作了讨论。
Clinical contact and non-contact specular microscopic examination in 4 patients with iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (including 2 cases of Chandler's syndrome, 1 case of Cogan-Reese syndrome and l case of essential iris atrophy) showed that the affected eyes had the same morphological changes. From the clinical and pathologic examinations, it is shown that this spectrum of syndrome may be the different manifestations of the same pathogenic disease and the basic pathogenic event is abnormal proliferation of the corneal endothelium that could also be seen in the contralateral eye.
本文介绍用韩氏二重 15 色相测试的 Farn-sworth 色相配列法应用于色觉检查，此法比其他临床常用的色觉检查具有色觉障碍分型和定量分析的优点， 同时方法简便易懂。本文报告应用此法于先天性色盲和继发性色盲患者，其红色盲、绿色盲、红绿色盲、蓝色 盲、全色盲等及不同色觉异常程度的变异的实例。
The application of Farnsworth dichotomous test for color blindness using Hahn Double 15-Hue is introduced. The advantages of this method compared with other clinical color tests are that it is simple and can classify the types of color defect and analyse the defect quantitatively. This method applied to the patients with congenital and acquired color blindness, such as prota-, deutera-and tritanopia, protano-, deuteranomalopia, achromatopia and abnormal extent of color defect is reported.
帕金森病（Parkinson’s disease, PD）作为仅次于阿尔茨海默病的第二大神经退行性疾病，其眼部表现近年来逐渐成为跨学科研究热点。以往医生多关注运动迟缓、静止性震颤和肌强直等PD典型症状，但大量临床研究表明，眼睑异常、眼球运动障碍、视觉功能异常等眼部表现不仅普遍存在于PD患者中，更可能在典型运动症状出现前就已显现。长期以来，这些眼部症状因其他症状的掩盖往往被忽视，进一步降低了患者的生活质量。本综述系统梳理PD患者眼部表现的三大方面：首先，眼睑异常方面，PD患者瞬目频率降低，61.1%患者出现干眼症状，导致PD患者的生活质量进一步下降。其次，眼球运动障碍表现为特征性的阶梯式方波急跳、集合功能减退以及反向扫视错误率增加，其中反向扫视潜伏期延长对步态冻结的发生具有预测价值。最后，视觉功能障碍方面，PD患者可出现视敏度下降、色觉异常、对比敏感度受损和视幻觉。影像学检查观察到视网膜神经节细胞层变薄，伴随视网膜微血管密度降低，这些结构性改变与PD患者的视觉功能障碍有关，作为生物标志物具有独特潜力。神经内科-眼科联合诊疗模式不仅有助于PD的早期诊断和预后评估，更有助于临床医生全面理解PD的疾病机制和表现，为未来诊疗策略的优化提供客观依据。
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease, has increasingly garnered interdisciplinary research attention due to its ocular manifestations. While the classical triad of motor symptoms—bradykinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity—remains the diagnostic hallmark, accumulating clinical evidence indicates that ocular abnormalities, including eyelid dysfunction, oculomotor disturbances, and visual impairments, are not only prevalent in PD patients but may also precede the onset of typical motor symptoms. Historically overlooked due to masking by other clinical features, these ocular manifestations contribute to the deterioration of patients' quality of life. This review systematically examines PD-related ocular abnormalities across three key domains: First, eyelid dysfunction manifests as reduced blink frequency, with 61.1% of PD patients reporting dry eye symptoms, further exacerbating their life quality impairment. Second, oculomotor disturbances are characterized by staircase-pattern square-wave jerks, convergence insufficiency, and increased error rates in antisaccade tasks, with prolonged antisaccade latency serving as a predictive marker for freezing of gait. Third, visual dysfunction encompasses diminished visual acuity, dyschromatopsia, impaired contrast sensitivity, and visual hallucinations. Imaging studies reveal structural alterations such as retinal ganglion cell layer thinning and reduced retinal microvascular density, which correlate with visual deficits and hold promise as potential biomarkers. The establishment of a neuro-ophthalmological collaborative framework not only facilitates early PD diagnosis and prognostic assessment but also enhances clinicians' comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms. Such an approach provides an objective foundation for optimizing future therapeutic strategies.
目的：探讨蛋白A免疫吸附联合糖皮质激素治疗对MOG抗体相关视神经炎（MOG antibody-associated optic neuritis， MOG-ON）患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法：回顾性分析2022年6月—2024年12月在广东三九脑科医院神经内科确诊并接受蛋白A免疫吸附联合糖皮质激素治疗的7例MOG-ON患者。所有患者均接受蛋白A免疫吸附治疗（隔天1次，共5次为1个疗程）并同期联合糖皮质激素治疗。评估治疗前及治疗后3个月、6个月的视力变化、扩展伤残状态量表（expanded disability status scale，EDSS）评分变化及MOG抗体滴度变化，并记录不良反应。结果：治疗后6个月，6/7患者视力较治疗前改善，其中4/7视力改善显著。左眼LogMAR视力值从治疗前的0.20(0.14，0.70)改善至0.10(0.10，0.42)，右眼LogMAR视力值从0.30(0.19，0.47)改善至0.18(0.10，0.21)，EDSS视力评分从2.86±1.68降至1.43±1.51（P < 0.05）。治疗前血清MOG抗体滴度几何平均数为1:52.0（几何标准差GSD = 3.7），治疗后3个月降至1:8.8（GSD = 1.9）（P = 0.027），治疗后6个月降至1:13.0（GSD = 4.1）（P = 0.027）。7例患者共接受35次免疫吸附治疗，未观察到严重不良反应，仅有轻微可控的不良事件。结论：蛋白A免疫吸附联合糖皮质激素治疗能够有效降低血液中MOG抗体水平，改善MOG-ON患者的视力。
Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of protein A immunoadsorption combined with glucocorticoid therapy in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated optic neuritis（MOG-ON）. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 7 patients with MOG-ON who were diagnosed and treated with protein A immunoadsorption combined with glucocorticoid therapy at the Department of Neurology，Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital from June 2022 to December 2024. All patients underwent protein A immunoadsorption therapy （once every other day, with 5 sessions constituting one course） in conjunction with concurrent steroid therapy. Visual acuity changes, EDSS score changes, and MOG antibody titer changes were assessed before treatment, as well as at 3 and 6 months after treatment. Additionally, adverse events were meticulously recorded. Results: At the 6 months post-treatment mark, 6 patients （85.7%） demonstrated an improvement in visual acuity compared to their baseline levels, with 4 patients （57.1%） achieving a significant improvement. The median LogMAR visual acuity values in the left eye improved from 0.20(0.14,0.70) to 0.10(0.10,0.42), and in the right eye, they improved from 0.30(0.19,0.47) to 0.18(0.10,0.21). MeanWhile, the EDSS visual score decreased from 2.86±1.68 to 1.43±1.51（P < 0.05）. The geometric mean serum MOG antibody titer declined from 1:52.0（GSD = 3.7） before treatment to 1:8.8（GSD = 1.9） at 3 months after treatment（P = 0.027）, and further decreased to 1:13.0（GSD = 4.1） at 6 months after treatment（P = 0.027）. A total of 35 immunoadsorption sessions were administered to the 7 patients, and no serious adverse reactions were observed; only minor and manageable adverse events occurred. Conclusion: Protein A immunoadsorption combined with glucocorticoid therapy can effectively lower serum MOG antibody levels and enhance visual outcomes in patients with MOG-ON.
目的：评估EYESi手术模拟器在眼科医师专科培训玻璃体手术中的教学效果。方法：招募中山大学中山眼科中心进行专科医师规范化培训的15名学员，开展眼底手术培训课程，随机分为A组、B组、C组，每组各5名学员。以培训开始前进行初次视网膜脱离手术作为基础分数，除玻璃体后脱离项目、视网膜前膜及内界膜项目等基础练习内容外，A组仅接受双手剪刀训练，B组仅接受激光训练，C组同时接受双手剪刀训练及激光训练。最后所有学员再进行视网膜脱离手术项目作为最终考核成绩。记录下学员的每次得分和操作时间。结果：培训后学员视网膜脱离手术得分较培训前提高（P<0.001）。C组与A组学员最终视网膜脱离手术得分高于B组学员（P<0.05）。有内眼手术经验的学员初次视网膜脱离手术得分高于无内眼手术经验的学员，且手术时长低于无内眼手术经验的学员（P<0.05）。结论：EYESi手术模拟器能有效提高眼科医师的手术操作信心及玻璃体视网膜手术操作技能，双手剪刀训练模块是玻璃体视网膜手术培训中的重要模块。
Objective: To assess the instructional efficacy of the EYESi surgical simulator in training ophthalmology residents on vitreoretinal surgical procedures. Methods: Fifteen ophthalmology residents participating in standardized specialist training program at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, were randomly assigned to three groups (A, B, C; n=5 per group). All participants underwent an initial baseline assessment through simulated retinal detachment surgery. In addition to standard training modules covering posterior vitreous detachment, anterior retinal membrane peeling, and inner limiting membrane manipulation, Group A received supplementary bimanual scissors training, Group B underwent laser training, and Group C received both types of advanced training. The final assessments were carried out using the same retinal detachment simulation, with performance scores and operation times carefully recorded. Results: Post-training surveys revealed significant increases in both trainees’ self-confidence and their self-assessed surgical proficiency. Objective performance scores for retinal detachment surgery showed marked improvement after training (P < 0.001). Groups C and A achieved significantly higher final scores compared to Group B (P < 0.05). Participants with prior intraocular surgical experience scored higher and completed procedures more quickly in the baseline assessment than those without such experience (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The EYESi simulator proves to be an effective tool for enhancing surgical skills and boosting operational confidence in vitreoretinal surgery training. In particular, bimanual instrumentation training offers significant educational value in the development of advanced microsurgical techniques.
