More and more evidence indicates that air pollution can seriously damage human health and become a major cause of the global disease burden. The main component of air pollution, particulate matter, can penetrate the lungs and cardiovascular system, causing ischemic heart disease, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and even lung cancer, leading to an increase in the incidence and mortality rates related to air pollution. Urban particulate matter, as the main air pollution problem faced by urban residents, has been shown to be closely related to various inflammatory eye diseases, such as allergic conjunctivitis, keratitis, and dry eye. Our research further confirms that exposure to high concentration of urban particulate matter can also cause pathological structural changes and functional abnormalities in the meibomian gland, leading to inflammatory meibomian gland dysfunction. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest research on the eye surface diseases related to urban particulate matter and their pathogenic mechanisms, aims to elucidate the damage of air pollution to eye surface tissues, identify potential therapeutic targets, and guide the diagnosis and treatment of environmentally related eye diseases in clinical practice.

Purpose: To identify plasma proteins that are causally related to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) for potential therapeutic targeting. Methods: Summary statistics of plasma protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) were derived from two extensive genome-wide analysis study (GWAS) datasets and one systematic review, with over 100 thousand participants covering thousands of plasma proteins. POAG data were sourced from the largest FinnGen study, comprising 8,530 DR cases and 391,275 European controls. A two-sample MR analysis, supplemented by bidirectional MR, Bayesian co-localization analysis, and phenotype scanning, was conducted to examine the causal relationships between plasma proteins and POAG. The analysis was validated by identifying associations between plasma proteins and POAG-related traits, including intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL). By searching druggable gene lists, the ChEMBL database, and the ClinicalTrials.gov database, the druggability and clinical development activity of the identified proteins were systematically evaluated. Results: Eighteen proteins were identified with significant associations with POAG risk after multiple comparison adjustments. The ORs per standard deviation increase in protein levels ranged from 0.39 (95% CI: 0.24–0.62; P = 7.70×10-5) for phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCG1) to 1.29 (95% CI: 1.16–1.44; P = 6.72×10-6) for nidogen-1 (NID1). Bidirectional MR indicated that reverse causality did not interfere with the results of the main MR analyses. Five proteins exhibited strong co-localization evidence (PH4 ≥ 0.8): protein sel-1 homolog 1 (SEL1L), tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO (AXL), nidogen-1 (NID1) and FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR (GFER) were negatively associated with POAG risk, while roundabout homolog 1 (ROBO1) showed a positive association. The phenotype scanning did not reveal any confounding factors between pQTLs and POAG. Further, validation analyses identified nine proteins causally related to POAG traits, with five proteins including interleukin-18 receptor 1 (IL18R1), interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL1R1), phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCG1), ribonuclease pancreatic (RNASE1), serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 6 (SPINK6) revealing consistent directional associations. In addition, 18 causal proteins were highlighted for their druggability, of which 5 proteins are either already approved drugs or in clinical trials and 13 proteins are novel drug targets. Conclusions: This study identifies 18 plasma proteins as potential therapeutic targets for POAG, particularly emphasizing the role of genomic and proteomic integration in drug discovery. Future experimental and clinical studies should be conducted to validate the efficacy of these proteins and to conduct more comprehensive proteomic explorations, thus taking a significant leap toward innovative POAG treatments.

Hematologic diseases, such as anemia and hematologic malignancies, can be accompanied by changes in the fundus. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a novel, non-invasive, and non-contact vascular imaging technology that allows for the layering and quantification of the structures and microvasculature of the retina and choroid. This study provides a brief review of the application of OCTA in hematologic diseases, offering new insights for utilizing OCTA in the monitoring, treatment, and follow-up of these conditions.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, posing a serious threat to patients' vision health and being a leading cause of blindness in adults. As the global prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, the incidence of DR is also increasing year by year, presenting significant public health challenges. Recent studies have shown that the overactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of DR. RAAS is a complex endocrine system that primarily regulates blood pressure, fluid balance, and electrolyte metabolism to maintain normal physiological functions.In the diabetic environment, the overactivation of RAAS triggers a series of pathophysiological reactions, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and fibrosis, which exacerbate retinal damage and the progression of the disease. This article reviews the mechanisms and research progress of RAAS in DR, and it explores the expression and pathological roles of various RAAS components in different types of retinal cells. RAAS inhibitors effectively reduce RAAS activity through different pathways, mitigating retinal inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby slowing the progression of DR. Through in-depth research on the mechanisms of RAAS in DR and the clinical application effects of RAAS inhibitors, this study aims to provide new theoretical foundations and practical guidance for the prevention and treatment of DR.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, posing a serious threat to patients' vision health and being a leading cause of blindness in adults. As the global prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, the incidence of DR is also increasing year by year, presenting significant public health challenges. Recent studies have shown that the overactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of DR. RAAS is a complex endocrine system that primarily regulates blood pressure, fluid balance, and electrolyte metabolism to maintain normal physiological functions.In the diabetic environment, the overactivation of RAAS triggers a series of pathophysiological reactions, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and fibrosis, which exacerbate retinal damage and the progression of the disease. This article reviews the mechanisms and research progress of RAAS in DR, and it explores the expression and pathological roles of various RAAS components in different types of retinal cells. RAAS inhibitors effectively reduce RAAS activity through different pathways, mitigating retinal inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby slowing the progression of DR. Through in-depth research on the mechanisms of RAAS in DR and the clinical application effects of RAAS inhibitors, this study aims to provide new theoretical foundations and practical guidance for the prevention and treatment of DR.

Objective：To explore the key points of nursing care for improving the quality and efficiency of recovery in ophthalmic surgical patients following general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway. Methods: Retrospective analysis of nursing-care the quality and efficiency data from 2,4180 ophthalmic surgical patients with laryngeal mask airway entering the post-anesthesia care unit(PACU) for postoperative recovery between January 2020 to December 2023 in our hospital. All included patients were managed in accordance with the standard resuscitation nursing procedures of our hospital.Starting from 2021, personalized anesthesia care for special patients has been added.The contents of nursing care in PACU included preparation, process of patient admission, key points of nursing observations, methods and timing of laryngeal mask airway removal .The composition of patients and the average recovery time of patients were compared between different years. Results: A total of 2,4180 patients were successfully removed the laryngeal mask airway and completed the recovery of anesthesia without experiencing any serious adverse events such as secondary intubation. Compared with 2020 to 2022, the average time to recovery was shorter in 2023 (P＜0.001). In terms of incidences of postoperative complications, the occurrence of emergence delirium, postoperative pain as well as postoperative nausea and vomiting were significantly decreased in 2023 when comparing to those in 2020 to 2022 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: To establish a nursing process for anesthesia recovery, combining with personalized nursing care, can effectively improve the quality and efficiency for recovery in patients undergoing general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway.

Ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) is a common complication that occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and most frequently manifested as refractory dry eye, variously accompanied with keratoconjunctivitis. Patients with oGVHD commonly experience visual function impairment and reduced quality of life. At present, relevant studies of mechanisms, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of oGVHD have been gradually deepened. In this article, research progress on clinical diagnosis and treatment of oGVHD was reviewed.

Objective Analysis of ostium granuloma formation after endonasal endoscopic dacryocytostomy (DCR) in patients with chronic dacryocystitis. To evaluate the effect of excision combined with triamcinolone injection for the ostium granulosis after endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Participants 98 patients (115 eyes) with chronic dacryocystitis after endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. The average age of the patients was 56.64±12.75 years old (23~82 years). Methods Ostium granuloma was followed up. Twenty-six cases (31 eyes) of ostium granuloma were randomly divided into excision combined with triamcinolone injection group (13 cases with 16 eyes) and excision group (13 cases with 15eyes) according to treatment method. Compared to observe effective rate of two groups. Results Ostium granulomas occurred in 31 eyes (26.96%). The cure rate, improvement rate and total effective rate between the two groups were respectively, physical excision combined with TA group: 93.75%, 6.25% and 100%, and excision group: 60%, 33.33% and 93.33%. The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Excision combined with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections was effective to regress an ostium granuloma after DCR.

Vision serves as the cornerstone of rountine human life activities, wherein approximately 80% of information is perceived visually. Eye diseases, however, frequently culminate in vision impairment or blindness, severely affecting the quality of life. Due to the obscurity of the underlying molecular mechanisms, therapeutic outcomes for various blinding eye diseases remain suboptimal. Over the past decade, the development of single-cell genomics technology has made it possible to obtain multi-dimensional insights into genomes, epigenomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes of tissues and organs at the single-cell level, providing a potent tool for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of eye diseases and advancing precision diagnosis. Meanwhile, single-cell genomics technology has also been harnessed in drug discovery and screening, promising to transform traditional drug development paradigm that is often characterized by high cost ^[1]，time-consuming ^[2], and substantial failure rate. This review aims to describe the cutting-edge advances in single-cell omics technology  and its applications in precision diagnosis of eye diseases as well as drug discovery and screening.

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on endotoxin-induced uveitis in mice and its potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Methods: Mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group (Ctr), endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) group, and IF + EIU group. The IF regimen followed a 16:8 fasting scheme (feeding from 9:00 to 17:00). The control group received intravitreal injections of PBS, while the other two groups received intravitreal injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After modeling, fasting blood glucose and body weight of the mice were monitored. Inflammation levels were assessed using OCT and H&E staining. Retinal flat mounts were used for evaluating neuroinflammation. BV2 cells were divided into Ctr group, LPS group, and starvation (LG) + LPS group. The expression levels of related proteins and mRNA were detected using WB and RT-qPCR. Results: IF had no significant effect on body weight but caused a significant decrease in blood glucose, which gradually recovered. From the middle stage of the disease, mice in the IF intervention group showed significantly reduced intravitreal inflammatory exudation and cell infiltration compared to the EIU group (p<0.01). IF reversed LPS-induced microglial activation and significantly alleviated damage to retinal ganglion cells and nerve fibers (p<0.05). Starvation culture significantly inhibited LPS-induced expression levels of p-STAT1/3 and iNOS proteins in BV2 cells (p<0.05) and significantly reduced the expression levels of inflammatory factors such as iNOS and IL-6. Conclusion: Intermittent fasting can accelerate the resolution of EIU inflammation, reduce inflammatory damage to tissue structures, and inhibit pro-inflammatory activation of microglia.