Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the etiology and the treatment of acquired blepharoptosis inpatients,especially secondary to surgery.

Methods: The clinical records of 65 consecutive patients with acquired ptosis were reviewed from an eye center and a comprehensive hospital. Potential factors responsible for acquired ptosis were investigated.Surgical management principles and post-operative exposure keratitis are discussed.

Results: The top three causes of acquired ptosis were post- surgical ptosis(20/65, 30.8%), traumatic ptosis(17/65, 26.2%)and senile aponeurotic ptosis(12/65, 18.5%). Twenty patients had post-surgical ptosis secondary to orbital surgery (8/20, 40.0%), enucleation and hydroxyapatite(HA) artificial eye implantation(4/20, 20%), eyelid surgery(3/20, 15%), cataract or glaucoma surgery(2/20, 10%), conjunctive surgery(2/20, 10%) and superior oblique muscle surgery (1/20, 5%). The levator palpebrae superioris(LPS) muscle of ten eyes(10/20, 50%) was found during exploration and reattached to the tarsal plate, with shortening ofthe LPS. Nine eyes(9/20, 45%) underwent a frontalis suspension(FS) operation because the LPS muscle was missing.One(1/20, 5%) patient was not operated on due to a poor Bell's phenomenon. Two patients(2/65, 3.1%)—one patient with post-surgical ptosis and another with aponeurotic ptosis—developed expsure keratitis after ptosis correction.

Conclusion: Post-surgical ptosis is one of the most common causes of acquired ptosis. It is important to explore LPS muscle during surgery. LPS reattachment is performed if the muscle is found; otherwise, a FS operation is chosen. Exposure keratitis after correction should be monitored.(Eye Science 2013; 28: 134-139)

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the etiology and the treatment of acquired blepharoptosis inpatients,especially secondary to surgery.

Methods: The clinical records of 65 consecutive patients with acquired ptosis were reviewed from an eye center and a comprehensive hospital. Potential factors responsible for acquired ptosis were investigated.Surgical management principles and post-operative exposure keratitis are discussed.

Results: The top three causes of acquired ptosis were post- surgical ptosis(20/65, 30.8%), traumatic ptosis(17/65, 26.2%)and senile aponeurotic ptosis(12/65, 18.5%). Twenty patients had post-surgical ptosis secondary to orbital surgery (8/20, 40.0%), enucleation and hydroxyapatite(HA) artificial eye implantation(4/20, 20%), eyelid surgery(3/20, 15%), cataract or glaucoma surgery(2/20, 10%), conjunctive surgery(2/20, 10%) and superior oblique muscle surgery (1/20, 5%). The levator palpebrae superioris(LPS) muscle of ten eyes(10/20, 50%) was found during exploration and reattached to the tarsal plate, with shortening ofthe LPS. Nine eyes(9/20, 45%) underwent a frontalis suspension(FS) operation because the LPS muscle was missing.One(1/20, 5%) patient was not operated on due to a poor Bell's phenomenon. Two patients(2/65, 3.1%)—one patient with post-surgical ptosis and another with aponeurotic ptosis—developed expsure keratitis after ptosis correction.

Conclusion: Post-surgical ptosis is one of the most common causes of acquired ptosis. It is important to explore LPS muscle during surgery. LPS reattachment is performed if the muscle is found; otherwise, a FS operation is chosen. Exposure keratitis after correction should be monitored.(Eye Science 2013; 28: 134-139)

Purpose: This study was designed to measure the changes in the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal maximal vessel diameter (MVD) of the affected and unaffected fellow eyes  in  patients  with  polypoidal  choroidal  vasculopathy (PCV) and compare them to healthy controls.

Methods : In this cross-sectional observational clinical study, SFCT and MVD were measured in both eyes  of 53 patients with unilateral PCV. PCV eyes were subgrouped into group A and unaffected fellow eyes into group B. All patients were diagnosed with PCV by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Sixty age- and gender- matched healthy  subjects were enrolled in the control group (group C).

Results: No statistical difference was observed among groups in age and gender. Overall, SFCT was correlated with MVD in all subjects (P<0.001; correlation  coefficient: 0.759).  P values were<0.001 with a correlation coefficient of 0.686, 0.801, and 0.808 in groups A, B, and C,  respectively.  No statistical  significance  was  noted  in SFCT among groups A (266.45±99.51 μm), B (269.57 ± 105.10 μm), and C (243.83±99.68 μm) (P=0.335). However, the MVD in group A was (202.55±72.45 μm), significantly larger than that in group C (166.45±56.18 μm,P=0.008), while  the  MVD  in  group  B (194.75±85.27 μm) was equally significantly greater than that in group C (166.45±56.18 μm)(P=0.038).

Conclusion: For both PCV patients and healthy subjects, SFCT was positively correlated with MVD. No statistical sig  nificance was noted in SFCT between PCV eyes and unaffected fellow/normal eyes. However, MVD was significantly larger in the PCV affected eyes than in unaffected fellow or normal control eyes, suggesting that MVD could be considered as a  sensitive  indicator  to  evaluate  choroidal  perfusion  in  PCV patients.

Purpose: This study was designed to measure the changes in the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal maximal vessel diameter (MVD) of the affected and unaffected fellow eyes  in  patients  with  polypoidal  choroidal  vasculopathy (PCV) and compare them to healthy controls.

Methods : In this cross-sectional observational clinical study, SFCT and MVD were measured in both eyes  of 53 patients with unilateral PCV. PCV eyes were subgrouped into group A and unaffected fellow eyes into group B. All patients were diagnosed with PCV by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Sixty age- and gender- matched healthy  subjects were enrolled in the control group (group C).

Results: No statistical difference was observed among groups in age and gender. Overall, SFCT was correlated with MVD in all subjects (P<0.001; correlation  coefficient: 0.759).  P values were<0.001 with a correlation coefficient of 0.686, 0.801, and 0.808 in groups A, B, and C,  respectively.  No statistical  significance  was  noted  in SFCT among groups A (266.45±99.51 μm), B (269.57 ± 105.10 μm), and C (243.83±99.68 μm) (P=0.335). However, the MVD in group A was (202.55±72.45 μm), significantly larger than that in group C (166.45±56.18 μm,P=0.008), while  the  MVD  in  group  B (194.75±85.27 μm) was equally significantly greater than that in group C (166.45±56.18 μm)(P=0.038).

Conclusion: For both PCV patients and healthy subjects, SFCT was positively correlated with MVD. No statistical sig  nificance was noted in SFCT between PCV eyes and unaffected fellow/normal eyes. However, MVD was significantly larger in the PCV affected eyes than in unaffected fellow or normal control eyes, suggesting that MVD could be considered as a  sensitive  indicator  to  evaluate  choroidal  perfusion  in  PCV patients.

Abstract

Purpose: To study the clinical manifestations and the diagnostic and differential diagnostic characteristics of acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome (AIBSES).

Methods: Six patients diagnosed with AIBSES underwent complete eye examinations including fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography(ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), electroretinogram (ERG), and visual field examinations.

Results: All patients had enlarged blind spots of variable sizes and densities. Three eyes had mild swelling of the optic disc and one eye had peripapillary scarring that corresponded to the permanent field defect. Two patients who underwent FFA had fluorescein leakage of blood vessels around the optic disc and ICGA highlighted diffuse, small hypofluorescent spots scattering throughout the posterior pole. OCT showed that the inner and outer segment (IS/OS) line were absent in five patients and the middle cone outer segment tip line was absent in the nasal macular area in one eye.

Conclusion: AIBSES is a rare outer retinopathy. Visual field examination and OCT are the most important means of detection. ICGA and FAF can determine the range of lesions earlier,and the progress of the disease should be taken into account when making a diagnosis.

Abstract

Purpose: To study the clinical manifestations and the diagnostic and differential diagnostic characteristics of acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome (AIBSES).

Methods: Six patients diagnosed with AIBSES underwent complete eye examinations including fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography(ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), electroretinogram (ERG), and visual field examinations.

Results: All patients had enlarged blind spots of variable sizes and densities. Three eyes had mild swelling of the optic disc and one eye had peripapillary scarring that corresponded to the permanent field defect. Two patients who underwent FFA had fluorescein leakage of blood vessels around the optic disc and ICGA highlighted diffuse, small hypofluorescent spots scattering throughout the posterior pole. OCT showed that the inner and outer segment (IS/OS) line were absent in five patients and the middle cone outer segment tip line was absent in the nasal macular area in one eye.

Conclusion: AIBSES is a rare outer retinopathy. Visual field examination and OCT are the most important means of detection. ICGA and FAF can determine the range of lesions earlier,and the progress of the disease should be taken into account when making a diagnosis.

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the consistency between preoperatively estimated and postoperatively measured total spherical aberration and to evaluate the feasibility of personalized selection of an aspherical intraocular lens (IOL) based on the corneal spherical aberration measured by the Scheimpflug photography system (Pentacam).

Methods: A total of 47 patients(82 eyes) with age-related cataract received a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. Corneal spherical aberration was measured by using the Scheimpflug photography system. Patients with corneal spherical aberration ≤0.3 μm were implanted with a zero-spherical aberration advanced optics(AO) aspherical intraocular lens and those with corneal spherical aberration >0.3 μm received a Tecnis ZA9003 aspherical lens(-0.27 μm spherical aberration). Preoperative total remnant spherical aberration was estimated and actual total spherical aberration was measured 3 months postoperatively. The consistency between preoperative and postoperative spherical aberration was analyzed by t-test, correlation analysis, and Blant-Altman plots.

Results: The estimated and measured values of total spherical aberration were (0.189±0.151) μm and (0.141±0.131) μm, with a statistical difference(t=5.347, P<0.01). For 45 eyes implanted with AO lenses, preoperatively estimated and post-operatively measured total spherical aberration were (0.268±0.137) μm and (0.214±0.103) μm. For 37 eyes implanted with Tecnis ZA9003, preoperative estimate of total spherical aberration was (0.092±0.103) μm and postoperative measured value was (0.054±0.106) μm. Statistical significance was noted, as was a positive linear correlation between preoperative and postoperative values(y=0.846, P<0.01). Bland-Altman analysis showed high consistency between the estimated and measured spherical aberration.

Conclusion: The estimated total spherical aberration measured preoperatively differed from the value measured postoperatively, but the two values showed good agreement. It is clinically feasible to conduct personalized selection of aspherical IOL based on Scheimpflug photography system(Pentacam) to measure corneal spherical aberration. (Eye Science 2013; 28: 129-133)

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the consistency between preoperatively estimated and postoperatively measured total spherical aberration and to evaluate the feasibility of personalized selection of an aspherical intraocular lens (IOL) based on the corneal spherical aberration measured by the Scheimpflug photography system (Pentacam).

Methods: A total of 47 patients(82 eyes) with age-related cataract received a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. Corneal spherical aberration was measured by using the Scheimpflug photography system. Patients with corneal spherical aberration ≤0.3 μm were implanted with a zero-spherical aberration advanced optics(AO) aspherical intraocular lens and those with corneal spherical aberration >0.3 μm received a Tecnis ZA9003 aspherical lens(-0.27 μm spherical aberration). Preoperative total remnant spherical aberration was estimated and actual total spherical aberration was measured 3 months postoperatively. The consistency between preoperative and postoperative spherical aberration was analyzed by t-test, correlation analysis, and Blant-Altman plots.

Results: The estimated and measured values of total spherical aberration were (0.189±0.151) μm and (0.141±0.131) μm, with a statistical difference(t=5.347, P<0.01). For 45 eyes implanted with AO lenses, preoperatively estimated and post-operatively measured total spherical aberration were (0.268± 0.137) μm and (0.214±0.103) μm. For 37 eyes implanted with Tecnis ZA9003, preoperative estimate of total spherical aberration was (0.092±0.103) μm and postoperative measured value was (0.054±0.106) μm. Statistical significance was noted, as was a positive linear correlation between preoperative and postoperative values(y=0.846, P<0.01). Bland-Altman analysis showed high consistency between the estimated and measured spherical aberration.

Conclusion: The estimated total spherical aberration measured preoperatively differed from the value measured postoperatively, but the two values showed good agreement. It is clinically feasible to conduct personalized selection of aspherical IOL based on Scheimpflug photography system(Pentacam) to measure corneal spherical aberration. (Eye Science 2013; 28: 129-133)

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of tissue-engineered epithelium transplantation for severe ocular surface burns.
Methods: A retrospective observational case series. From october 2005 to May 2011, 19 eyes of l9 patients with grade IV to VI ocular surface burns (dua classification) were treated by autologous transplantation of corneal stem cells cultivated on a fibrin gel membrane, with a mean follow-up of 16. 2 months (range 12-36 months) postoperative corneal surface stability, visual acuity (VA), corneal opacity, and neovascularization were evaluated.
Results: No corneal perforation occurred and the entire corneal surface was free from epithelial defects in all eyes. At the final follow-up visit, visual acuity in 17 eyes was improved after surgery, with 6 eyes achieving a VA of 20/100 or better. The corneal vascularization was obviously reduced in 17 (89.5%) eyes. The corneal opacity was also improved in 12 (63. 2%) eyes. All donor eyes remained healthy.
Conclusion: Tissue-engineered epithelium transplantation can promote rapid reepithelialization of the ocular surface, inhibit corneal neovascularization, and improve vision for patients with severe ocular surface burns.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of tissue-engineered epithelium transplantation for severe ocular surface burns.

Methods: A retrospective observational case series. From october 2005 to May 2011, 19 eyes of l9 patients with grade IV to VI ocular surface burns (dua classification) were treated by autologous transplantation of corneal stem cells cultivated on a fibrin gel membrane, with a mean follow-up of 16. 2 months (range 12-36 months) postoperative corneal surface stability, visual acuity (VA), corneal opacity, and neovascularization were evaluated.
Results: No corneal perforation occurred and the entire corneal surface was free from epithelial defects in all eyes. At the final follow-up visit, visual acuity in 17 eyes was improved after surgery, with 6 eyes achieving a VA of 20/100 or better. The corneal vascularization was obviously reduced in 17 (89.5%) eyes. The corneal opacity was also improved in 12 (63. 2%) eyes. All donor eyes remained healthy.
Conclusion: Tissue-engineered epithelium transplantation can promote rapid reepithelialization of the ocular surface, inhibit corneal neovascularization, and improve vision for patients with severe ocular surface burns.

Purpose: The disinfection effectiveness of 5% anerdian Ⅲ, 0.016% gentamicin, and 0.5% tobramycin solutions in presurgical irrigation of conjunctival sac were compared.

Methods: A total of 295 cataract patients (302 eyes) who had undergone phacoemulsification aspiration combined with intraocular lens insertion (IOL) were recruited in this prospective study. Operative eyes were given 0.3% levofloxacin eye drops for 3 d and then were randomized into three treatment groups, anerdian (A), gentamicin (B) and tobramycin (C). The patients received conjunctival sac irrigation using the respective solutions at 10 min preoperatively. conjunctival sac sampling was performed before and after irrigation and the samples were used for subsequent bacterial culture and swab tests. The positive rate was used as the main parameter.

Results: Positive rates of bacterial culture before conjunctival sac irrigation: the positive rate was 17.31% (18 eyes) in group A, 13.86% (14 eyes) in group B and 17.3% (14 eyes) in group C. Post irrigation, the positive rates in the three groups decreased to 5.76% (6 eyes), 5.94% (6 eyes) and 7.22% (7 eyes), respectively. The positive rates among the three groups did not differ. However, the positive rate in group A significantly differed before and after the irrigation (P<0.05). No toxic or allergic reactions were found in the ocular surface of any patient after the irrigation. 

Conclusion: The disinfection effects of the three types of conjunctival sac irrigations did not differ.

Purpose: The disinfection effectiveness of 5% anerdian Ⅲ, 0.016% gentamicin, and 0.5% tobramycin solutions in presurgical irrigation of conjunctival sac were compared.

Methods: A total of 295 cataract patients (302 eyes) who had undergone phacoemulsification aspiration combined with intraocular lens insertion (IOL) were recruited in this prospective study. Operative eyes were given 0.3% levofloxacin eye drops for 3 d and then were randomized into three treatment groups, anerdian (A), gentamicin (B) and tobramycin (C). The patients received conjunctival sac irrigation using the respective solutions at 10 min preoperatively. conjunctival sac sampling was performed before and after irrigation and the samples were used for subsequent bacterial culture and swab tests. The positive rate was used as the main parameter.

Results: Positive rates of bacterial culture before conjunctival sac irrigation: the positive rate was 17.31% (18 eyes) in group A, 13.86% (14 eyes) in group B and 17.3% (14 eyes) in group C. Post irrigation, the positive rates in the three groups decreased to 5.76% (6 eyes), 5.94% (6 eyes) and 7.22% (7 eyes), respectively. The positive rates among the three groups did not differ. However, the positive rate in group A significantly differed before and after the irrigation (P<0.05). No toxic or allergic reactions were found in the ocular surface of any patient after the irrigation. 

Conclusion: The disinfection effects of the three types of conjunctival sac irrigations did not differ.

Abstract

Purpose: Our aim was to obtain a better understanding of the etiologies and characteristics of pediatric cataracts treated at a single facility in China.

Methods: Medical records accrued over a 10-year period (from August,2003 to July, 2013) at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were reviewed retrospectively, identifying all patients treated for various subtypes of pediatric cataract. A database with 367 subjects under 14 years of age (598, including second-round surgeries) was generated.

Results: Of this cohort(n=367; males: 232, 63.2%; females: 135,368%), 200 patients (54.5%) had bilateral cataracts, and 258 (70.3%) were under 3 years of age. In all age groups and in all subtypes of pediatric cataract, males were most commonly affected. Congenital cataract was the most prevalent subtype, accounting for 296 patients (80.7%).  Most congenital cataracts were associated with other ocular or systemic abnormalities; and in 48 patients (16.22%), they were hereditary.Traumatic cataract was the most common subtype (85.92%) of acquired cataract. The few instances of cataracts due to steroids (n=3) or to metabolic disorders (n=2) occurred in males and involved both eyes.

Conclusion: The majority of pediatric cataracts in this patient population were congenital in nature. A significant lag in ophthalmologic evaluation of Chinese infants was evident and should be addressed by educating both children and parents on risk factors for cataract development. Regular assessments are especially important in children subjected to long-term systemic steroid treatments.

Abstract

Purpose: Our aim was to obtain a better understanding of the etiologies and characteristics of pediatric cataracts treated at a single facility in China.

Methods: Medical records accrued over a 10-year period (from August,2003 to July, 2013) at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were reviewed retrospectively, identifying all patients treated for various subtypes of pediatric cataract. A database with 367 subjects under 14 years of age (598, including second-round surgeries) was generated.

Results: Of this cohort(n=367; males: 232, 63.2%; females: 135,368%), 200 patients (54.5%) had bilateral cataracts, and 258 (70.3%) were under 3 years of age. In all age groups and in all subtypes of pediatric cataract, males were most commonly affected. Congenital cataract was the most prevalent subtype, accounting for 296 patients (80.7%).  Most congenital cataracts were associated with other ocular or systemic abnormalities; and in 48 patients (16.22%), they were hereditary.Traumatic cataract was the most common subtype (85.92%) of acquired cataract. The few instances of cataracts due to steroids (n=3) or to metabolic disorders (n=2) occurred in males and involved both eyes.

Conclusion: The majority of pediatric cataracts in this patient population were congenital in nature. A significant lag in ophthalmologic evaluation of Chinese infants was evident and should be addressed by educating both children and parents on risk factors for cataract development. Regular assessments are especially important in children subjected to long-term systemic steroid treatments.

Purpose: To study central corneal thickness(CCT) variations during corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) using ultrasound pachymetry.

Methods: Twenty patients (26 eyes) with progressing keratoconus undergoing riboflavin-UVA-induced CXL were involved in this study. Intraoperative CCT measurement using ultrasonic pachymetry was performed during the procedure.Measurements were obtained before operation, after epithelial removal, after riboflavin drop instillation, and after UVA irradiation.

Results: Mean CCT was 495±56 and (450±52) μm before and after epithelial removal, respectively. Mean CCT was (443±42) and (411±39) μm after riboflavin drop instillation and after UVA irradiation, respectively. Statistically significant decreases in CCT occurred between preoperation and after epithelial removal, after riboflavin drop instillation and after UVA irradiation. Twenty-six eyes from 20 patients undergoing CXL were divided into 2 groups (I with CCT≥400 μm after UVA irradiation and II with CCT<400 μm after UVA irradiation). No statistically significant difference was noted between I and II for preoperative endothelial cell count, but statistically significant difference between I and II were noted for post-operative endothelial cell count. A statistically significant difference was evident between preoperative and postoperative endothelial cell counts in Group II (P<0.05).

Conclusion: performing CXL with the use of riboflavin and UVA irradiation resulted in a statistically significant decrease in CCT, even to a level where the corneal endothelium may be damaged.

Purpose: To study central corneal thickness(CCT) variations during corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) using ultrasound pachymetry.

Methods: Twenty patients (26 eyes) with progressing keratoconus undergoing riboflavin-UVA-induced CXL were involved in this study. Intraoperative CCT measurement using ultrasonic pachymetry was performed during the procedure.Measurements were obtained before operation, after epithelial removal, after riboflavin drop instillation, and after UVA irradiation.

Results: Mean CCT was 495±56 and (450±52) μm before and after epithelial removal, respectively. Mean CCT was (443±42) and (411±39) μm after riboflavin drop instillation and after UVA irradiation, respectively. Statistically significant decreases in CCT occurred between preoperation and after epithelial removal, after riboflavin drop instillation and after UVA irradiation. Twenty-six eyes from 20 patients undergoing CXL were divided into 2 groups (I with CCT≥400 μm after UVA irradiation and II with CCT<400 μm after UVA irradiation). No statistically significant difference was noted between I and II for preoperative endothelial cell count, but statistically significant difference between I and II were noted for post-operative endothelial cell count. A statistically significant difference was evident between preoperative and postoperative endothelial cell counts in Group II (P<0.05).

Conclusion: performing CXL with the use of riboflavin and UVA irradiation resulted in a statistically significant decrease in CCT, even to a level where the corneal endothelium may be damaged.

Purpose: To interpret the incidence of optic-nerve maldevelopment in postoperative pediatric cataract patients, and evaluate the clinical  efficacy  of administration of murine nerve growth factor (mNGF) in such patients.

Methods: Pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP)  was used to measure the visual pathway function in 28 cases (56 eyes) with bilateral congenital cataract and 13 cases (13 eyes) with unilateral  congenital  cataract  who  underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation surgeries. The results were compared with 25 age-sex-matched healthy children (50 eyes). mNGF was administered  in 13 cases (23 eyes) who had visual pathway disorder. The efficacy of mNGF injection was observed. P100 latencies, which were used as a main parameter in P-VEP measurement , were analyzed statistically.

Results: When compared with normal children, the P100 latency  was  significantly  prolonged  in the congenital cataract group (P<0.05). A significant improvement was noted in the visual pathway of subjects treated with mNGF (P<0.05).

Conclusion:  Compared with normal children, the congenital cataract patients are more vulnerable to optic-nerve maldevelopment. Murine NGF likely plays a protective and nutritive role in the development of optic nerve in cases of optic-nerve maldevelopment foloowed by congenital cataract surgery.

Purpose: To interpret the incidence of optic-nerve maldevelopment in postoperative pediatric cataract patients, and evaluate the clinical  efficacy  of administration of murine nerve growth factor (mNGF) in such patients.

Methods: Pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP)  was used to measure the visual pathway function in 28 cases (56 eyes) with bilateral congenital cataract and 13 cases (13 eyes) with unilateral  congenital  cataract  who  underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation surgeries. The results were compared with 25 age-sex-matched healthy children (50 eyes). mNGF was administered  in 13 cases (23 eyes) who had visual pathway disorder. The efficacy of mNGF injection was observed. P100 latencies, which were used as a main parameter in P-VEP measurement , were analyzed statistically.

Results: When compared with normal children, the P100 latency  was  significantly  prolonged  in the congenital cataract group (P<0.05). A significant improvement was noted in the visual pathway of subjects treated with mNGF (P<0.05).

Conclusion:  Compared with normal children, the congenital cataract patients are more vulnerable to optic-nerve maldevelopment. Murine NGF likely plays a protective and nutritive role in the development of optic nerve in cases of optic-nerve maldevelopment foloowed by congenital cataract surgery.

Purpose: To compare the complications and the recurrence rate between fibrin glue (TISSEEL) and Vicry1 8-0 sutures in amniotic membrane transplant during pterygium surgery.
Methods: Patients who underwent pterygium surgery with amniotic membrane transplant(AMT) in the Wang Eye Clinic (Doraville, USA) were randomly categorized into two groups: one group received TISSEEL and the other group received Vicryl 8-0 sutures. All procedures for both groups were per- formed by one ophthalmologist. Twenty-four patients (24 eyes) participated in the TISSEEL group (22 eyes with prima-ry surgery and 2 eyes with surgery for recurrence ) and 19 pa-tients(19 eyes)took part in the suture group(18 primary eyes and l recurrence). The patients with recurrent pterygium in both groups had not received AMT previously.Post-opera-tively, patients were followed up for one week and then one year to check for any signs of complications and recurrence.
Results: Conjunctival inflammation occurred in 3 eyes (12.5%) in the TISSEEL group, and 6 eyes (31.6%) in the suture group (P<0.05,Chi-square test). In the TISSEEL group, l eye (4.2%) showed recurrence, while there were no recur-rences in the sutures group. There were 3 dry eyes (15.8%) in
the suture group and 2 dry eyes (8.3%) in the TISSEEL group (P>0.05).No dislocated conjunctival grafts，Dellen，inflam-mation, infection，bleeding，pyogenic granuloma, or sclero-malacia was observed in either group.
Conclusion: Pterygium surgery with AMT had less conjuncti-val inflammation and dry eye in patients receiving fibrin glue than those with Vicry1 8-0sutures. (Eye Science 2012; 27:19-24)

Purpose: To compare the complications and the recurrence rate between fibrin glue (TISSEEL) and Vicry1 8-0 sutures in amniotic membrane transplant during pterygium surgery.
Methods: Patients who underwent pterygium surgery with amniotic membrane transplant(AMT) in the Wang Eye Clinic (Doraville, USA) were randomly categorized into two groups: one group received TISSEEL and the other group received Vicryl 8-0 sutures. All procedures for both groups were per- formed by one ophthalmologist. Twenty-four patients (24 eyes) participated in the TISSEEL group (22 eyes with prima-ry surgery and 2 eyes with surgery for recurrence ) and 19 pa-tients(19 eyes)took part in the suture group(18 primary eyes and l recurrence). The patients with recurrent pterygium in both groups had not received AMT previously.Post-opera-tively, patients were followed up for one week and then one year to check for any signs of complications and recurrence.
Results: Conjunctival inflammation occurred in 3 eyes (12.5%) in the TISSEEL group, and 6 eyes (31.6%) in the suture group (P<0.05,Chi-square test). In the TISSEEL group, l eye (4.2%) showed recurrence, while there were no recur-rences in the sutures group. There were 3 dry eyes (15.8%) in
the suture group and 2 dry eyes (8.3%) in the TISSEEL group (P>0.05).No dislocated conjunctival grafts，Dellen，inflam-mation, infection，bleeding，pyogenic granuloma, or sclero-malacia was observed in either group.
Conclusion: Pterygium surgery with AMT had less conjuncti-val inflammation and dry eye in patients receiving fibrin glue than those with Vicry1 8-0sutures. (Eye Science 2012; 27:19-24)