近年来，使用人工智能(artificial intelligence，AI)技术对临床大数据及图像进行分析，对疾病做出智能诊断、预测并提出诊疗决策，AI正逐步成为辅助临床及科研的先进技术。生物样本库作为收集临床信息和样本供科研使用的平台，是临床与科研的桥梁，也是临床信息与科研数据的集成平台。影响生物样本库使用效率及合理共享的因素有信息化建设水平不均衡、获取的临床及检验信息不完全、各库之间信息不对称等。本文对AI和区块链技术在生物样本库建设中的具体应用场景进行探讨，展望大数据时代智能生物样本库信息化建设的核心方向。

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been applied to analyze clinical big data and images and then make intelligent diagnosis, prediction and treatment decisions. It is gradually becoming an advanced technology to assist clinical and scientific research. Biobank is a platform for collecting clinical information and samples for scientific research, serving as a bridge between clinical and scientific research. It is also an integrated platform of clinical information and scientific research data. However, there are some challenges. First, clinical and laboratory information obtained is incomplete. Additionally, the information among different databases is asymmetric, which seriously impedes the information sharing among different Biobanks. In this article, the specific application scenarios of AI technology and blockchain in the construction of a Biobank were discussed, aiming to pinpoint the core direction of the information construction of an intelligent Biobank in the era of big data.

当下，我国眼科的发展存在失衡现象，大城市与农村及偏远地区在眼科相关诊疗设施水平、诊疗技术等方面存在巨大差异，仍需探寻新的智能诊疗模式以解决失衡问题。由于眼球是唯一可以直接观察人体血管和神经的器官，眼部可反映其他脏器的健康状态，部分眼科检查的医学图像可对眼部疾病做出诊断等特点，眼科开展人工智能(artificial intelligence，AI)具有独到的优势。此外，人工智能可在一定程度上提高跨时间空间传递信息的精准度及效率。人工智能在眼科及远程信息传递的优势为解决眼科发展失衡状况提供了助力。本文从眼科人工智能在眼科远程医疗相关应用的角度，主要分析并总结当下我国人工智能在眼科相关疾病远程医疗中的发展程度、所具优势以及存在问题，并讨论眼科人工智能在远程医疗的应用展望。

At present, there is an imbalance in the development of ophthalmology in China. There are huge differences in the level of ophthalmology related facilities, diagnosis and treatment technologies between big cities and rural, remote areas. New intelligent diagnosis and treatment models are still needed to solve the imbalance. Since the eye is the only organ that can directly observe the blood vessels and nerves of the human body, the eye can reflect the health status of other organs and diagnosis of eye diseases based on medical images of some ophthalmic examinations can be made as well as other characteristics. Therefore, the development of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology has unique advantages. In addition, artificial intelligence can improve the accuracy and efficiency of information transmission across time and space to a certain extent. The advantages of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology and telematics are helping to solve the imbalance in ophthalmology development. From the perspective of the application of ophthalmic artificial intelligence in telemedicine, this paper mainly analyzes and summarizes the development degree, advantages and existing problems of artificial intelligence in the telemedicine of ophthalmic diseases in China, and discusses the prospect of the application of ophthalmic artificial intelligence in telemedicine.

帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease，PD)是老年人常见的神经系统退行性疾病，眼部及视觉功能障碍是PD常见的非运动症状之一，进一步影响其生活质量。已有研究表明PD患者视网膜内存在多巴胺浓度的减少以及α突触核蛋白的沉积。目前，PD仍缺乏有效的早期诊断及病情评估工具，光学相干断层扫描及光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术可以显示视网膜各层微细结构及微血管的异常，应用该技术研究者发现PD患者视乳头旁视网膜神经纤维层及黄斑区视网膜的厚度均存在不同程度的变薄，视网膜浅层及深层毛细血管丛的毛细血管密度和复杂性下降。进一步研究者应用该技术在PD临床应用中进行了探索，并发现其可用于检测早期PD中发生的病理变化，反映疾病的病程及严重程度，并且在鉴别诊断中起到一定的作用。总而言之，视网膜相关检测可能成为评估PD患者脑病理严重程度的指标，并且帮助疾病诊断和监测疾病的进展，不过这仍需要大样本、多中心的重复研究以提供更多理论依据。

Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, and ocular and visual dysfunction is one of the common non-motor symptoms of PD, further affecting PD patients’quality of life. Reduced dopamine concentrations and deposition of α-synuclein in the retina of PD patients have been shown in studies. At present, there is still a lack of effective tools for early diagnosis and assessment of PD. Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography can reveal abnormalities in the microstructure and microvasculature of the retinal layers, and researchers applying these techniques have found that the thickness of the parapapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and the retina in the macula in PD patients have had varying degrees of thinning, and the density and complexity of capillaries in the superficial and deep capillary plexus of the retina have been reduced. Further, investigators have explored the clinical application of these techniques in PD and have found that they can be used to detect pathological changes occurring in early PD, reflect the course and severity of the disease, and play a role in differential diagnosis. In conclusion, retinal-correlated testing may be an indicator to assess the severity of brain pathology in PD patients and to aid in disease diagnosis and monitoring the progression of PD, although large sample, multicenter replication studies are still needed to provide more reliable results.

眼科研究型医院是推动医学创新与成果转化的核心平台。其中，专职临床研究护士（clinical research nurse，CRN）在提升临床研究的规范性及整体质量方面发挥着不可或缺的作用。然而，当前国内尚缺乏针对眼科领域CRN管理模式的系统总结和实践指导，制约了该群体专业价值的充分发挥和制度化建设的推进。本研究以中山大学中山眼科中心（三级甲等眼科研究型医院）2013—2024年间的CRN管理实践为样本，系统梳理其管理体系的构建路径与实施成效。研究发现，通过构建“准入-培训-双轨管理”体系和实践模式，能够显著提升CRN队伍的专业能力和研究项目的整体质量。机构质控数据显示，配备CRN后的研究项目质量评分由（67.5±17.2）分显著提升至（99.3±1.0）分（P<0.001），证实了该体系的有效性和可行性。研究结果还为我国眼科临床研究护理专业化发展提供了可复制的实践模板，还进一步分析提炼出CRN的三项核心职能：一是项目管理中的流程优化，保障研究环节高效协同；二是参与者管理，强化对受试者权益的保护；三是数据质量控制，确保研究数据的准确性与完整性。在此基础上，针对当前CRN发展中普遍存在的职责不清、培训缺失、政策滞后等问题，本文还提出推动“层级化培训常态化”“政策规范细则化”等优化建议，助力我国眼科临床研究由“经验驱动”向“体系驱动”转型，为临床研究护理专业化提供实践模板和决策参考。

Ophthalmic research hospitals serve as critical platforms for advancing medical innovation and translating research outcomes into practice. Dedicated Clinical Research Nurses (CRNs) play a pivotal role in enhancing the quality, compliance, and integrity of clinical research conducted within these settings. However, in China, there remains a lack of systematic models and practical guidance for CRN management specific to the field of ophthalmology, which has hindered the full realization of their professional value and the advancement of institutionalized development. This study examined CRN management practices at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, a Grade A tertiary ophthalmic research hospital, between 2013 and 2024 as a case example to systematically examine the development pathway and outcomes of its CRN management system. The findings demonstrate that the implementation of a standardized system encompassing entry qualifications, tiered training, and structured practice models significantly enhanced both the professional competency of CRNs and the overall quality of clinical research projects. According to institutional quality control data, the quality score of clinical research projects increased significantly from 67.5±17.2 to 99.3±1.0 (P<0.001) following the integration of CRNs. Moreover, the study identifies three core functional domains of CRNs: (1) optimizing research processes to improve project coordination and efficiency; (2) managing research participants to safeguard ethical compliance and rights protection; and (3) ensuring data quality and integrity through rigorous oversight. In response to persistent challenges such as unclear role definitions, insufficient training systems, and lagging policy support, the study proposes actionable strategies, including the institutionalization of hierarchical and continuous training as well as the refinement of policy frameworks. These findings provide a scalable and evidence-based reference for promoting the professionalization and systemic development of ophthalmic clinical research nursing in China.

眼表是一个复杂且精细的系统，包括角膜、泪膜和结膜等多个结构。作为眼部直接与外界接触的部分，眼表不仅负责起着保护眼睛的作用，还在视觉功能中扮演着至关重要的角色。眼表微环境（ocular surface microenvironment，OSM）的平衡对眼睛的健康至关重要，任何微环境的失衡都可能引发多种眼表疾病，如干眼症、角膜炎等。随着现代人群生活方式的改变，视屏终端综合征（Visual Display Terminal，VDT）发生率急剧上升，破坏了OSM的平衡，导致眼表疾病的发病率大大升高，特别是干眼症的发病率显著增加，严重影响了患者的生活质量，因此，深入研究维持OSM稳态的调节机制以及探索有效的治疗策略显得尤为紧迫。近年来，研究突破了传统的解剖学框架，揭示了OSM的多系统协同调控机制，为维持眼表微环境稳态提供了新的思路。神经、淋巴、免疫系统之间相互调节，不仅有助于深入挖掘眼表疾病的关键分子和信号通路，还为发现新的生物标志物以及潜在治疗靶点提供了新的方向。因此，本文章系统综述了近年来OSM调节机制的最新进展，重点讨论神经、淋巴和免疫调节在维持OSM稳态中的作用，并分析三者之间的相互影响，以期为眼表疾病的预防及诊疗提供新的思路。

The ocular surface is a complex and sensitive system composed of includes various structures including the cornea, tear film and conjunctiva. As the part of the eye directly exposed to the external environment, the ocular surface not only protects the eye, but also plays a vital role in vision. The balance of the ocular surface(OSM) is essential for eye health, and any disruption can lead to ocular surface diseases, such as dry eye and keratitis. With the evolving lifestyle of the modern population, the incidence of Visual Display Terminal (VDT) syndrome has significantly increased, disturbing the OSM balance and leading to a rise in ocular surface diseases, particularly dry eye disease, which severely impacts patients' quality of life. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct comprehensive research into the regulatory mechanisms that maintain OSM homeostasis and explore effective therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have moved beyond traditional anatomical frameworks, uncovering the multi-system coordinated regulatory mechanisms of OSM, providing new insights into maintaining ocular surface homeostasis. The interplay between the nervous, lymphatic, and immune systems not only helps identify key molecules and signaling pathways involved in ocular surface diseases but also offers new opportunities for discovering novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. This article presents a systematic review of the latest advancements in OSM regulatory mechanisms, focusing on the roles of nervous, lymphatic, and immune regulation in maintaining OSM homeostasis and analyzing the interactions among these systems, with the goal of offering new insights for the prevention and treatment of ocular surface diseases.

目的：探索和评价“线上教学-理论小课-Wetlab实操”眼解剖整合课程在眼科住院医师培范化培训（住培）教学中的应用和效果。方法：纳入中山大学中山眼科中心2023年新入培的住培学员93名，在岗前培训时进行眼解剖整合课程教学。在课程前后分别进行测试，评价课程教学效果，并在课程结束后采用匿名线下测试考核和满意度问卷调查的形式对课程的满意度进行调查。结果：培训前（T1）和培训后（T2）总分中位数分别是60分和70分，T1最低分、25%、75%和最高分分别是10、40、62.5和90，T2最低分、25%、75%和最高分分别是30、60、80和100，T2得分显著高于T1得分，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.000 1）；T1和T2的自信度平均值分别为26.53±5.08、31.83±4.02，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。学员普遍表示对整合课程满意。结论：学员们接受整合课程培训后，对眼解剖学知识的掌握程度有明显提高，对整合课程满意度高。眼解剖整合课程有效性显著，是具有推广意义的教学改革。

Objective: To explore and evaluate the application and effect of an integrated   ocular anatomy course comprising three main components: ‘online preview,’ ‘lecture,’ and ‘Wetlab dissection training’in the standardized training teaching of ophthalmology residents (hereinafter referred to as "resident training"). Methods: A total of 93 new resident trainees from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University in 2023 were included in the integrated course on ocular anatomy during pre-job training. Tests were carried out before and after the course to evaluate the teaching effect of the course, and questionnaires were issued after the course to investigate the satisfaction of the course. It adopts the form of anonymous offline test and satisfaction questionnaire. Results: The median total scores before (T1) and after (T2) training were 60 and 70, respectively; the lowest scores, 25%, 75% and highest scores of T1 were 10, 40, 62.5 and 90, respectively; the lowest scores, 25%, 75% and highest scores of T2 were 30, 60, 80 and 100, respectively, and the scores of T2 were significantly higher than those of T1. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.000 1). The mean confidence of T1 and T2 were 26.53±5.08 and 31.83±4.02, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Participants generally expressed satisfaction with the integrated programme. Conclusions: After receiving the training of the integrated course, the students' mastery of the knowledge of ocular anatomy has been significantly improved, and the satisfaction of the integrated course is high. The integrated course on ocular anatomy is effective, and it is a teaching reform with popularization significance.

目的：建立高效液相色谱法（high-performance liquid chromatography，HPLC）测定曲伏噻吗滴眼液中曲伏前列素有关物质。方法：采用Agilent SB-C18色谱柱（50 mm×2.1 mm，2.7 μm）；以磷酸溶液（取磷酸2.0 mL，加水稀释并定容至1 000 mL，用氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至3.0）为流动相A，乙腈为流动相B，洗脱梯度；流速为每分钟3.0 mL；柱温为30 ℃；检测波长为220 nm；进样体积100 μL。结果：在该色谱条件下，曲伏前列素与各杂质均可良好分离；在酸、碱、氧化、高温和强光破坏条件下，曲伏前列素峰纯度合格，物料守恒。曲伏前列素、5,6-反式曲伏前列素和15-酮曲伏前列素分别在0.041~3.245 μg/mL（r=1.000 0）、0.040~3.229 μg/mL（r=1.000 0）、0.039~3.088 μg/mL（r=0.999 9）范围内线性关系良好，其最低检测限分别为0.020、0.020和0.020 μg/mL；6份样品中5,6-反式曲伏前列素的含量相对标准偏差（relative standard deviatio，RSD）为0.2% (n=6)，15-酮曲伏前列素的含量RSD为0.3% (n=6)，重复性良好；对照品溶液和供试品溶液在室温条件下放置100h稳定，5,6-反式曲伏前列素的平均回收率为95.2%，相对标准偏差RSD为0.5% (n=9)，15-酮曲伏前列素的平均回收率为92.7%，RSD为1.2% (n=9)该方法重现性好。结论：本方法简便、快速、准确。适用于检测曲伏噻吗滴眼液中的曲伏前列素有关物质。

Objective: To develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of related substances in Travoprost and Timolol Maleate Eye Drops, sepcifically focusing on Travoprost and its impurities. Methods: The analytic column used was an Agilent SB-C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm，2.7 μm) . A phosphoric acid solution (prepared by diluting 2.0 mL of phosphoric acid with water tto final volume of 1,000 mL and adjust the pH to 3.0 with sodium hydroxide solution) was used as mobile phase A, while acetonitrile served as mobile phase B. The elution was performed using a gradient program at a flow rate of 3.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 220 nm, and the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. The injection volume is 100 μL. Results: Under the described chromatographic condition, Travoprost and its various impurities were well separated. The purity of the Travoprost peak was qualified, and the material remained stable under conditions of acid, alkali, oxidation, high temperature, and strong light exposure. The linear ranges for Travoprost, 5,6-trans-Travoprost, and 15-keto-Travoprost were determined to be 0.041~3.245 μg/mL(r=1.0000), 0.040~3.229 μg/mL(r=1.0000), 0.039~3.088 μg/mL(r=0.9999), respectively. The lowest detection limits for these compounds were all 0.020 μg/mL, The relative standard deviation (RSD) for the content of 5,6-trans-travoprost and 15 keto trovopros in six samples were 0.2% (n=6) and 0.3% (n=6), respectively, indicating good reproducibility. Both the reference solution and the test solution remained stable at room temperature for 100 hours,The average recovery rates for 5,6-trans-Travoprost and 15-keto-Travoprost were 95.2% (RSD 0.5%,n=9) and 92.7% (RSD 1.2%, n=9) respectively, further confirming the high reproducibility of the method. Conclusions: The developed HPLC method is simple, rapid, and accurate, making it suitable for the determination of related substances in Travoprost and Timolol Maleate Eye Drops.

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（central serous chorioretinopathy，CSC）是一种以脉络膜增厚、血管通透性增加为特征的脉络膜谱系疾病，所以对脉络膜的观察对于CSC的监测和治疗非常重要。随着光学相干断层扫描成像（optical coherence tomography，OCT）的发展，对脉络膜的认识有了显著提升，也让我们更深刻地理解了它在眼后段疾病中的重要作用，提高了对各种脉络膜视网膜疾病的诊断能力。近年来，随着扫频源光学相干断层扫描（swept source optical coherence tomography，SS - OCT）及扫频源光学相干断层扫描血流成像（swept source optical coherence tomography angiography，SS - OCTA）的发展，其扫描波长、深度、广度及扫描速度均显著提升，实现了对脉络膜结构的无创定量化评估，推进了对CSC等脉络膜谱系疾病的病理机制的认识和临床管理。文章就近年SS-OCT及SS-OCTA在 CSC 中的应用及研究进展进行总结。主要进展有：发现CSC脉络膜增厚不仅局限于黄斑区，且发现其脉络膜血管及基质成分均显著增加；CSC为双眼受累，而表现为单眼症状；涡静脉回流障碍机制在该疾病中起到关键作用；SS-OCT能进一步对后极部的视网膜下积液进行监测和分析；发现了急性与慢性CSC脉络膜相关参数的改变的不同；最后探究了巩膜机制在该疾病中可能起到的作用。

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is one of the choroidal spectrum diseases, characterized by choriod thickening and increased vascular permeability. Therefore it is very important to observe choroid, as this allows us to monitor it and formulate an appropriate therapeutic schedule. With the development of optical coherence tomography (OCT), our understanding of choroid has been significantly improved. We have got a deeper insight into its important role in posterior diseases, and also the diagnostic capability for choroidal and retinal diseases has also improved. In recent years, the development of swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and swept source optical coherence tomography angiogrphy (SS-OCTA) has further advanced our ability to assess choroidal conditions. These technologies offer enhanced scanning wavelengths, depth, breadth, and scanning speed, enabling non-invasive quantitative assessment of choroidal structures. This has advanced our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical management of CSC and other choroidal spectrum diseases.This review summarizes the application of swept source optical coherence tomography (SS - OCT) and swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS - OCTA) in CSC and it’s research progress. The main advancements include: choroidal thickening in CSC is not limited to macular area, both choroidal vascular and stromal components are significantly increased; CSC can affect both eyes, although it often presents with unilateral symptoms; impaired vortex vein outflow plays a key role in the pathogenesis of this disease; SS-OCT can further monitor and analyze subretinal fluid accumulation in the posterior pole; differences in changes in choroidal parameters between acute and chronic CSC have been identified; and finally, the potential role of scleral mechanisms in this disease has been explored.

目的：分析视网膜前巨噬细胞样细胞（epiretinal macrophage-like cells，eMLC）和视网膜脉络膜血流在急性黄斑神经视网膜病变（acute macular neuroretinopathy，AMN）患眼的临床特征。方法：回顾性分析2022年12月—2023年5月在中山大学中山眼科中心就诊的病程2周内的AMN患者21例（37眼）及年龄匹配的健康对照组33例（38眼）的临床资料。通过黄斑区内界膜上3 μm的en face 光学相干断层扫描（optical coherence tomography，OCT）分层信息对eMLC进行半自动分析提取和定量，同时测量OCT血管成像（optical coherence tomography angiography，OCTA）6 mm² x 6 mm²的黄斑区域内视网膜脉络膜血流参数进行分析对比。结果： AMN组黄斑区eMLC数量为（329.78±77.38）个，密度为（9.16±2.15）个/mm²，均较对照组（202.63±41.72）个、（5.63±1.16个/mm²）增加（均P＜0.001）。AMN组浅层和深层视网膜血流密度分别为（33.00±6.49）（32.59±7.41）%，均较对照组（36.18±5.63）（37.08±5.65）%减少（均P＜0.05）。视网膜全层中心凹无血管区（foveal avascular zone，FAZ）面积、视网膜全层血流密度、脉络膜毛细血管和脉络膜大中血管血流密度在两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。浅层及深层视网膜血流密度和FAZ面积对eMLC密度无影响（P＞0.05）。13例AMN患者（23眼）1个月时的随访资料显示：AMN组末次随访时eMLC数量为（248.70±59.88）个、密度为（6.91±1.66）个/mm²较初次就诊时（307.87±82.98）个和（8.55±2.30）个/mm²减少（均P＜0.001），但仍高于同期对照组（176.58±27.89）个和（4.91±0.77）个/mm²（均P＜0.001）。视网膜和脉络膜血流参数较初次就诊时比较差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论：AMN患眼中eMLC异常增多和聚集，同时存在轻度的视网膜血流密度下降，但无脉络膜血流参数变化，且eMLC变化与AMN病程相关但与视网膜血流变化无关，提示eMLC所代表的炎症可能独立参与了AMN的发生。

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of epiretinal macrophage-like cells (eMLC) and retinochoroidal blood flow in eyes affected by acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN). Methods: This retrospective case series study included 21 (37 eyes) patients diagnosed with AMN and 28 (33 eyes) healthy age-matched subjects. A 3 mm En-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) slab on the inner limiting membrane of the macular region was used to visualize and binarize the MLCs. The MLCs were binarized and quantified using a semiautomated method. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to evaluate the perfusion status and obtain the structural data of macular within a 6 x 6 mm² macular region. Results: The number and density of macular eMLC in AMN eyes were significantly increased in comparison to control eyes: 329.78±77.38 vs. 202.63±41.72, (P＜0.001) and (9.16±2.15) cells/mm² vs. (5.63±1.16) cells/mm² (P＜0.001). In the macular region, both superficial and deep retinal vessel densities were significantly lower in the AMN eyes than in the control eyes: 33.00±6.49 vs. 36.18±5.63 (P=0.040); 32.59±7.41 vs. 37.08±5.65 (P=0.008). There were no significant differences in the vessel densities and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area of full retina and choroidal vessel density between the two groups (P＞0.05). The eMLC density was not associated with the superficial and deep retinal FAZ area and vessel densities (all P＞0.05). At the one-month follow-up data of 13 patients (23 eyes), the number and density of macular eMLC were significantly lower in comparison to the initial visit: 248.70±59.88 vs. 307.87±82.98, P＜0.001 and (6.91±1.66) cells/mm² vs. (8.55±2.30) cells/mm² (P＜0.001). However, the number and density of macular eMLC are still noticeably higher than those of the control group during the same timeframe: 248.70±59.88 vs. 176.58±27.89 (P＜0.001) and (6.91±1.66) cells/mm² vs. (4.91±0.77) cells/mm² (P＜0.001). There was no significant difference in the vessel density of retina and choroidal during the follow-up (P＞0.05). Conclusions: The aggregation and activation of eMLC and a mild decrease in retinal blood flow density are observed in AMN, yet there is no corresponding shift in choroidal vessel density. The changes of eMLC are linked to the course of AMN, but they are not related to retinal vessel density. The inflammatory response represented by eMLC might independently contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of AMN.

目的：分析慢性泪囊炎患者鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔造瘘口术后的远期肉芽增生情况，评价物理清除联合曲安奈德（triamcinolone acetonide，TA）局部注射治疗慢性泪囊炎鼻内镜术后造瘘口肉芽组织增生的效果。方法：回顾性分析接受鼻内镜手术的慢性泪囊炎患者98例115眼。随访收集术后造瘘口肉芽组织增生发生情况，分析肉芽增生与无肉芽增生患者的临床特征。对有肉芽增生的患者26例31眼，根据治疗方式分为物理清除联合TA局部注射组13例16眼和单纯物理清除组13例15眼，比较2组间治疗有效率。结果：鼻内镜术后造瘘口肉芽增生病例共31眼（26.96%）。物理清除联合TA组的治愈率、好转率分别为93.75%、6.25%，物理清除组相应为60%、33.33%。组间比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论：物理清除联合TA局部注射治疗泪囊炎鼻内镜术后造瘘口肉芽组织增生安全、有效。

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the formation of ostium granulomas following endonasal endoscopic dacryocytostomy (DCR) in patients with chronic dacryocystitis and to evaluate the efficacy of excision combined with triamcinolone (TA) injection for treating ostium granulosis after endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Methods: A restrospective analysis was conducted on 98 patients (115 eyes) with chronic dacryocystitis who underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.  Postoperative growth of the ostium granulomas was monitored, and clinical characteristics were compared between patients with and without ostium granulomas. Among these, 26 cases (31 eyes) of ostium granuloma were identified and randomly assigned to either an excision combined with triamcinolone injection group (13 cases with 16 eyes) or excision-only group (13 cases with 15eyes) based on the treatment method. The effective rates between two groups was compared. Results: Ostium granulomas occurred in 31 eyes (26.96%). The cure rate and improvement rate in the excision combined with TA group were 93.75% and 6.25%, respectively, whereas in the excision-only group, they were 60% and 33.33%. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).  Conclusions: Excision combined with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections proved effective in promoting the regression of ostium granuloma after DCR.