目的：探讨白塞病性葡萄膜炎(Behçet's uveitis, BU)并发视盘新生血管(neovascularization of the optic disc, NVD)和(或)视盘以外视网膜新生血管(retinal neovascularization elsewhere, NVE)的临床及影像特征。方法：回顾性分析2022年1月—2024年9月就诊的BU并发NVD和(或)NVE患者的临床资料和眼底影像学检查结果，包括眼底彩照、荧光素眼底血管造影(fluorescein fundus angiography, FFA)、光学相干断层成像(optical coherence tomography, OCT)和光学相干断层血管成像(OCT angiography, OCTA)。并分析NVD和(或)NVE面积与患眼的改良的眼后段炎症评分以及视网膜血管渗漏评分的相关性。结果：共纳入27例患者(30只眼)，年龄为(27.70±12.58)岁，男女比例约为1:1。3例(11%)患者双眼并发NVD和(或)NVE；25只眼(83%)存在NVD：17只眼(57%)仅有NVD；8只眼(27%)存在NVD和NVE。仅2只眼(7%)存在视网膜无灌注区，7只眼(23%)同时发生玻璃体积血。FFA眼后段炎症评分为(20.93±4.37)分。FFA血管渗漏评分为(7.57±1.25)分。NVD和(或)NVE面积与眼后段炎症评分(rs = 0.403，P = 0.027)及视网膜血管渗漏评分(rs = 0.518，P = 0.003)均呈正相关。FFA与OCTA在检测NVD和NVE上表现完全一致(κ= 1.0)。结论：BU并发NVD和(或)NVE并不罕见，以NVD为主，绝大多数与视网膜无灌注不相关，可能由BU炎症诱发。
Purpose: To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of retinal neovascularization of the optic disc (NVD) and/or elsewhere in the retina (retinal neovascularization elsewhere, NVE) in eyes with Behçet's uveitis (BU). Methods: This retrospective analysis reviewed the clinical data and fundus imaging findings of patients diagnosed with BU complicated by NVD and/or NVE from January 2022 to September 2024. Imaging modalities included fundus photography, fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA). The study analyzed the correlation between the areas of NVD and/or NVE and the modified posterior segment inflammation scores, as well as retinal vascular leakage scores of the affected eyes. Results: The study included 27 patients (30 eyes) with an average age of (27.70 ± 12.58) years and a gender ratio of approximately 1:1. Bilateral NVD and/or NVE was observed in three patients (11%); 25 eyes (83%) had NVD, of which 17 eyes (57%) had only NVD and 8 eyes (27%) had both NVD and NVE. Two eyes (7%) showed areas of retinal non-perfusion, and seven eyes (23%) had concurrent vitreous hemorrhage. The average score for posterior segment inflammation on FFA was 20.93 ± 4.37, and the average score for vascular leakage was 7.57 ± 1.25. There was a significant positive correlation between the area of NVD and/or NVE and both the inflammation score (rs = 0.403, P = 0.027) and the vascular leakage score (rs = 0.518, P = 0.003). FFA and OCTA showed perfect agreement in detecting NVD and NVE (κ = 1.0). Conclusion: NVD and/or NVE in BU are not uncommon and are predominantly presented as NVD, mostly not associated with retinal nonperfusion, likely induced by inflammatory factors related to BU.
荧光素眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography, FFA）是眼底疾病诊疗不可或缺的检查技术。虽然开展已有半个世纪，但临床工作者在FFA操作的规范性、科学性、安全性和结果同质性仍有不少顾虑和问题，同时缺乏相关指南和共识可供参考。中国微循环学会眼微循环专业委员会眼影像学组专家就FFA操作规范达成本共识，就开展FFA的条件和配置、适应证和禁忌证、检查前准备、检查操作程序、不良反应及处理、造影后患者告知和处理、造影报告等方面为FFA临床操作工作者提供建议和指导，以期在临床实践中获取良好眼底影像、减少不良反应、提高检查质量效率。
Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is an indispensable examination for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular fundus diseases. Although FFA has been carried out for half a century, clinicians still have many concerns and problems in the standardization, scientificity, safety and result homogeneity of FFA practice, and there is a lack of relevant guidelines and consensus for reference. The experts of the Ophthalmic Imaging Group of the Ocular Microcirculation Division of the Chinese Society of Microcirculation reached a consensus on the standardized practice of FFA, providing suggestions and guidance for FFA operators about the clinical conditions and configurations, indications and contraindications, pre-examination preparation, examination procedures, adverse reactions and treatment, patient notification, and angiography reports, in order to obtain good fundus images, reduce adverse reactions, and improve the quality and efficiency of FFA examinations in clinical practice.
“六要素，三个一”是眼底影像基础阅片工作中进行眼底疾病临床创新性研究的模式要点，即在眼底阅片过程中捕捉到1个异常的病例后，通过积累病例、提炼特征、文献检索、寻同查异，进而扩展到1组病例，最后通过思辨创新，提出或完善1种新的疾病或疾病表征。近二十年来，在此模式的指导下，团队在眼底疾病研究工作中取得了一些原创性的成果：比如息肉状脉络膜血管病变的认识及其在国人新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性中发病比例第一，提出点状内层脉络膜病变病灶国际分期和命名新亚型，年龄相关的吲哚菁绿血管造影晚期散在弱荧光点揭示潴留性视网膜色素上皮脱离的发病机制，发现急性黄斑神经视网膜病变是登革热患者视力下降的主要原因，在全球最大的持续性鳞状黄斑病变的病例系列中明确病灶层次等创新性成果。“六要素”框架规范眼底影像研究流程，强调研究过程的严谨性与渐进性，且多次循环后衍生发散出更多研究线索和思路，极大拓展研究深度和广度。“三个一”路径体现了研究的层次性，从个体现象(点)到群体规律(线)，最终构建疾病认知的立体网络(面)；指导眼底异常影像征象、罕见病、新病种研究，加速疾病谱系完善。以“六要素”为纲，以“三个一”为略，将继续推动眼底疾病临床研究的创新与突破。
The "6 Elements, 3 Ones" constitutes a methodological framework for conducting innovative clinical research of ocular fundus diseases in foundational fundus imaging interpretation. This model emphasizes: 1) identifying a single abnormal case during routine fundus evaluation; 2) systematically expanding this observation into a case series through case accumulation, feature extraction, literature review, and comparative analysis; and 3) ultimately proposing or refining novel disease entities or manifestations through critical thinking and innovation. Over the past two decades, guided by this paradigm, our research team has achieved several original breakthroughs in fundus imaging studies, including: establishing polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy as the predominant subtype of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Chinese populations; proposing an international staging system and novel subtypes for punctate inner choroidopathy; elucidating the pathogenesis of retentional retinal pigment epithelial detachment through the sign of age-related scattered hypofluorescent spots on late-phase indocyanine green angiography; identifying acute macular neuroretinopathy as the primary cause of vision loss in dengue fever patients; and precisely localizing lesion in the world's largest case series of persistent placoid maculopathy. The "6 Elements" framework standardizes fundus disease research protocols, emphasizing methodological rigor and progressive investigation while generating multiple research trajectories through iterative cycles, thereby expanding both the depth and breadth of scientific inquiry. The "3 Ones" pathway embodies hierarchical research progression - transitioning from individual phenomena (point observations) to population-level patterns (linear correlations), ultimately constructing a multidimensional disease cognition network (planar integration). This approach guides investigations ranging from signs of common disease to rare disorders and novel disease entities, accelerating the refinement of disease taxonomies. By adhering to the "6 Elements" as the structural framework and implementing the "3 Ones" as the strategic pathway, we will continue to advance innovation and achieve breakthroughs in clinical fundus disease researches.
目的：观察改良隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术的临床效果和特点。方法：118 例白内障患者的118 只眼，随机分为2 组：超声乳化白内障吸除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术手术组58 只眼与改良隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术组60 只眼。对比观察两种术式并发症及术后视力。结果：改良隧道切口非超声乳化自内障摘除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术与超声乳化白内障吸除术联合折叠人工晶状体植入术在白内障手术中的并发症、近远期术后视力比较，差异均无统计学意义，而改良隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术的手术成本低于超声乳化白内障吸除术，且学习曲线短。结论：改良隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术适合在基层医院的白内障治疗中推广。
Purpose:To compare with phacoemulsification,to evaluate the clinical outcomes andadvantages of modified tunnel incision non-phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.Methods:One hundred and eighteen eyes of 118 cataract patients were randomly divid-ed into two groups:phacoemulsification and foldable lOL, implantation group (58 eyes) as well as modified tunnel incision non-phacoemulsifcation and foldable IOL implanta-tion group (60 eyes). Intraoperative complications and postoperative visual acuity were evaluated.Results:There was no significant differenee in intraoperative complications and postop-erative visual acuity between two groups. The cost of non-phacoemulsification was less than that of the phacoemulsificaiton surgery. The Study curve is also short in non-phaco-emusification surgery.
Conclusion:Modified tunnel incision non-phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens ( IOL)implantation surgery is suitable to be promoted in cataract treatment.
泪道肿瘤是比较罕见的泪道疾病。文献报道有超过55%的泪道肿瘤为恶性肿瘤，如果肿瘤不能完全切除或已经发生转移，可能会使复发率和死亡率增加。故临床上对表现为泪囊肿物的病例应详细检查，比如眼眶彩色多普勒超声、计算机断层扫描(computed tomography, CT)及磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)检查，必要时行增强扫描，有条件还可以进行泪道内镜检查，充分预估病情，设计合理的手术入路和切除范围。如肿物较大或病情复杂，经过皮肤或者鼻内镜下入路作单一切口不能完整切除，可以内外路联合手术，以获得良好的视野，对肿物进行充分的游离分离，进行合适的切除。文章汇报了通过皮肤切口联合鼻内镜入路完成的2例泪道肿瘤切除术，1例术后病理为良性的乳头状瘤，术后5个月时复查未见复发，长期观察；另一例为NUT癌，确诊后患者已经至肿瘤科接受了化学治疗。提示表现为泪囊肿物的病例在术前应完善眼眶影像学检查，怀疑为恶性肿瘤时应完善全身重要脏器的检查，以充分评估病情。对于有手术指征的应选择合适的手术方案，尽量完整切除。术后应长期随访，以早期发现复发和转移，及时治疗。
Lacrimal tumors are a relatively rare disease of the lacrimal system. According to the literature, more than 55% of lacrimal tumors are malignant tumors. If the tumor cannot be completely removed or has already metastasized, it may increase the recurrence rate and mortality rate. Therefore, in clinical practice, if a case of a mass in the lacrimal sac is encountered, a thorough examination should be performed, such as orbital ultrasound scan, CT and MRI with or without contrast enhancement, and endoscopic examination of the lacrimal duct, if possible. The condition should be fully assessed to design a reasonable surgical approach and the extent of surgical resection. If the lesion is large or the condition is complex, a single incision through the skin or endoscopic approach may not be able to completely remove it, and an combined approach can be used to obtain a good view and fully dissect and separate the lesion for appropriate resection. This article reports two cases of lacrimal tumor resection performed through a skin incision combined with an endoscopic approach, one of which had a postoperative pathological diagnosis of benign papilloma and no recurrence was observed.5 months after surgery and Long-term follow-up is planned. The other case was NUT carcinoma. The patient had received chemotherapy in the oncology department of the general Hospital after diagnosis. It is suggested that the imaging examination of the orbit should be improved in the case of lacrimal tumor before operation, and the examination of the main organs of the body should be perfected when malignant tumor is suspected, so as to fully evaluate the condition. For the case with surgical indications, the appropriate surgical plan should be selected and the complete resection should be carried out as much as possible. Long-term follow-up should be carried out after surgery, so that recurrence and metastasis can be detected early, and timely treatment can be carried out.
目的：分析先天性泪腺皮肤瘘伴异位泪腺的临床表现，总结其治疗方案。方法：采用病例研究与文献回顾方法，记录1例确诊为先天性泪腺皮肤瘘伴异位泪腺患儿的外观照片、泪道探查冲洗情况、泪腺瘘管数字减影检查、泪腺瘘管CT造影检查等结果。予患者行泪腺瘘管下段及异位泪腺切除+泪腺瘘管上段转位结膜囊吻合代泪腺导管术，术中切除的病变组织行病理检查，术后随访。以“泪腺瘘”、“异位泪腺”为检索词，在 PubMed、CNKI 数据库中进行文献检索，检索到相关文献共 25 篇。结果：患儿为男性，5岁，眼科检查于左眼上睑中外1/3处见直径约1 mm瘘口，瘘口皮肤凹陷并有簇状毛发生长，有透明液体从瘘口阵发性流出。泪器检查示左上睑皮肤瘘管开口朝外上方，瘘管探查从瘘口进针，瘘管先是内下方走行再向外下走行，在距皮面3.5 mm处有一软性抵抗，加压不能突破，冲洗液原路反流，无脓液或血性液体反流。左眼泪腺瘘管数字减影检查示左眼泪腺瘘管造影剂存留，瘘管深部存在扇形腔隙。泪腺瘘管CT造影结果显示左眼外侧泪腺高密度影。术后随访6个月，患儿左眼上睑切口愈合好，未见瘘管复发，转位的泪腺瘘管成功将泪液引流入上穹隆结膜囊内。结论：先天性泪腺瘘同时合并先天性泪腺异位和毛发异位者临床上罕见，术前详细检查和精确诊断对指导治疗很有帮助；在明确主泪腺是正常的情况下，完整切除异位的泪腺组织，并行泪腺瘘管转位吻合于上穹隆结膜囊代泪腺导管术，是一种较好的治疗选择。
Objective: To demonstrate the clinical characteristics and surgical effects of congenital lacrimal gland cutaneous fistula with ectopic lacrimal gland. Methods: Observational case study and literature review. The results of appearance photographs, lacrimal duct probing and irrigation, digital subtraction imaging of the lacrimal fistula, and CT scanning of lacrimal fistula in a patient diagnosed with lacrimal gland cutaneous fistula with ectopic lacrimal gland were recorded. The surgical treatment for the patient was explored. The surgical strategy entailed resecting the lower segment of the lacrimal gland fistula and ectopic lacrimal gland, combined with transposing the upper segment of lacrimal gland fistula for conjunctival sac anastomosis, instead of using lacrimal gland catheter. Pathological examination and postoperative follow-up were conducted. Results: Ophthalmic examination revealed a fistula with a diameter of approximatedly 1 mm in medial-temporal 1/3 of the upper eyelid of the left eye. The skin surrounding the fistula was sunken and covered with tufts of hair. There was a paroxysmal discharge of clear fluid from the fistula. Lacrimal examination showed that the opening of the fistula on the skin of the left upper eyelid was directed outward and upward. Fistula exploration was conducted through the opening. The fistula tract initially coursed medially and caudally, then laterally and caudally. At a depth of 3.5mm from the dermal surface, a soft resistance was encountered that could not be overcome with forced pressure. The irrigation fluid refluxed along its original pathway, with no pus or bloody fluid regurgination. Digital subtraction imaging of the lacrimal fistula in the left eye demonstrated that contrast media remained and formed fanshaped spaces in the depth of the fistula. CT results of lacrimal fistula revealed a high density of lacrimal gland in left eye. During outpatient follow-up six months after surgery, the incision on the left upper eyelid was observed to have healed well, with no recurrence of the fistula The transposed lacrimal fistula successfully diverted tears into the conjunctival sac of the upper fornix. Conclusions: Congenital lacrimal gland cutaneous fistula combined with congenital ectopic lacrimal gland and ectopic hair is rare in clinical practice. Detailed preoperative examination and accurate diagnosis are extremely beneficial for guiding treatment. When the main lacrimal gland is normal, a better treatment choice involves completely removing the ectopic lacrimal gland tissue and transferring the lacrimal gland fistula to the conjunctival sac of the upper fornix to replace the lacrimal gland catheter.
泪器疾病是一类常见的眼科疾病，其诊疗过程复杂，治疗方法精细，涉及多种临床数据及影像资料。现有研究表明，随着人工智能（artificial intelligence，AI）技术，尤其是机器学习和深度学习的发展，AI在泪器疾病的早期筛查、精确诊断和个性化治疗中展现了巨大的应用潜力。AI能够通过高效的图像分析、多模态数据融合及深度学习算法，提供更加精确的疾病识别和治疗方案，并且能够对患者的病情进行定期监测和动态调整，提升治疗效果。然而，其仍面临诸多挑战，如多模态数据融合的复杂性、模型泛化能力的局限以及实时预测和动态调整的需求等，需要通过持续的技术创新、算法优化和跨学科合作来实现。文章对当前AI在泪器疾病诊疗中的应用现状进行了全面梳理和总结，深入分析了AI技术在诊断与治疗中的优势与局限，特别强调了AI与新兴技术的结合在优化临床决策支持系统方面的重要性。通过分析现有的挑战与技术融合策略，文章提出了AI在泪器疾病诊疗中的发展方向，旨在为未来的研究者提供创新性的思路，为眼科领域的临床实践提供有价值的参考，助力泪器疾病的精准医疗和个性化治疗的发展。
Lacrimal disorders are common ophthalmic conditions characterized by complex diagnostic and treatment processes, involving intricate therapeutic approaches and diverse clinical and imaging data. Recent studies have indicated that with the advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, particularly in machine learning and deep learning, AI demonstrates significant potential in the early screening, accurate diagnosis, and personalized treatment of lacrimal disorders. AI has the ability to provide more precise disease identification and treatment strategies through efficient image analysis, multimodal data fusion, and deep learning algorithms. Additionally, it enables regular monitoring and dynamic adjustment of patients' conditions, improving treatment outcomes. However, several challenges persist, such as the complexity of multimodal data integration, limitations in model generalization capabilities, and the need for real-time prediction and dynamic adjustments, all of which necessitate continuous technological innovations, algorithm optimization, and interdisciplinary collaborations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current status of AI applications in the diagnosis and treatment of lacrimal disorders, analyzing the advantages and limitations of AI in clinical practice. It especially emphasizes the importance of integrating AI with emerging technologies to optimize clinical decision support systems. By addressing the existing challenges and exploring strategies for technological integration, this paper proposes future directions for the development of AI in lacrimal disorder diagnosis and treatment, aiming to offer innovative perspectives for future researchers and valuable references for clinical practice in the field of ophthalmology, ultimately contributing to the advancement of precision medicine and personalized treatment for lacrimal disorders.
目的：研究IgG4相关性眼病(IgG4-related ophthalmic disease, IgG4-ROD)患者的影像学特征与外周血免疫球蛋白G4(IgG4)水平之间的相关性，为评估IgG4相关性疾病全身性严重程度提供新思路。方法：收集2023年8月—2024年9月在吉林大学第二医院眼科医院经术后组织标本病理确诊的29例IgG4-ROD阳性患者。回顾性分析患者眼眶影像学特点与血清IgG4水平相关性，探讨影像学中特征性表现包括泪腺肿大、三叉神经分支增粗、眼外肌增粗、鼻黏膜类炎症改变、眼睑软组织肥厚，以及其他眶内软组织增生等特征性影像学改变出现比例，并按照累及组织结构情况分级评分，评估特征性影像学改变与血清IgG4水平之间的相关性。结果：29例病理确诊IgG4-ROD患者中，泪腺均受累，占比100%；眼外肌受累17例，占比58.62%；三叉神经分支受累5例(4例眶下神经受累，3例额神经病受累，2例眶下神经与额神经同时受累)，占比17.24%眼睑软组织肥厚24例，占比82.76%鼻黏膜出现类炎症反应15例，占比51.72%；合并眶内其他软组织增生性病变2例，占比6.90%。影像学中特征性受累组织结构分级评分与血清IgG4水平呈正相关(P < 0.05)。结论：IgG4-ROD影像学中特征性组织结构受累及范围与血清IgG4水平明显相关，可以辅助评估IgG4相关性疾病全身性严重程度。
Objective: To investigate the correlation between the imaging characteristics of patients with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) and the serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) levels, providing new insights for assessing the systemic severity of IgG4-related diseases. Methods: This study collected postoperative tissue samples from 29 patients with histopathologically conffrmed IgG4-ROD at the Ophthalmology Department of Jilin University Second Hospital from August 2023 to September 2024. TTis study retrospectively analyzed the correlation between patients' orbital imaging features and serum IgG4 levels, and explored the proportion of characteristic imaging changes including enlargement of the lacrimal gland, thickening of the trigeminal nerve branches, thickening of the extraocular muscles, inffammatory like changes of the nasal mucous membranes, hypertrophy of the eyelid soft tissues, as well as hyperplasia of other intraorbital soft tissues in the imaging. A grading score for affected tissue structures was established to evaluate the correlation between characteristic imaging changes and serum IgG4 levels. Results: Among the 29 patients diagnosed with IgG4-ROD, lacrimal gland involvement was observed in all patients (100%). Extraocular muscle involvement was present in 17 patients (58.62%). Five patients had involvement of the trigeminal nerve branches (including 4 with infraorbital nerve involvement and 3 with frontal nerve involvement, with 2 patients having simultaneous involvement of both nerves), accounting for 17.24% of the cases. Eyelid soff tissue hypertrophy was observed in 24 patients (82.76%), and nasal mucosal inflammatory responses were noted in 15 patients (51.72%). Additionally, two patients (6.90%) presented with other proliferative lesions within the orbit. The correlation analysis between the grading scores for imaging features and serum IgG4 levels demonstrated a significant positive correlation. Conclusions: The extent of characteristic structural involvement observed in the imaging features of IgG4-ROD is significantly correlated with serum IgG4 levels. TTis correlation can assist in evaluating the systemic severity of IgG4-related diseases and provides clinical evidence supporting the need for comprehensive systemic evaluations, such as PET-CT, in patients whose initial presentation is IgG4-related ophthalmic disease.
目的：研究经鼻内镜低位泪囊鼻腔吻合术联合RT新型人工泪管置入手术的临床有效性和安全性。方法：采用前瞻性随机对照研究，将临床诊断为原发性鼻泪管阻塞继发的慢性泪囊炎患者随机分为两组。研究组(A组)43例(44眼)采用低位经鼻内镜泪囊鼻腔吻合联合新型RT人工泪管置入术。对照组(B组)39例(39眼)采用常规经鼻内镜泪囊鼻腔吻合联合双泪小管置入式人工泪管置入。术后3～6个月取出人工泪管，随访时间1～12个月，平均6个月。观察术中术后的并发症，评估其安全性。结果： A组治愈42眼(95.45%)，好转2眼(4.54%)；B组治愈38眼(97.43%)，好转1眼(2.56%)，两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。B组有12眼(30.77%)使用骨动力系统用于磨削骨质，A组未使用骨动力系统；A组手术时间为(31.88±1.64) min；B组手术时间为(48.54±4.40) min，两组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)；B组术后人工泪管从内眦脱出2例，A组在人工泪管置入或取出时，均无管体被拉断裂的病例，无人工泪管从内眦侧脱出的病例。两组患者术后均无人工泪管导致的泪点撕裂，术后随访平均6个月，均无复发。结论：低位经鼻内镜泪囊鼻腔吻合术联合RT新型人工泪管置入可以作为一种新的治疗慢性泪囊炎手术有效、安全的方法。
Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of endonasal endoscopic lower position dacryocystorhinostomy(En-LPDCR) combined with new RT lacrimal stent intubation for treating chronic dacryocystitis. Methods: In A prospective randomized controlled study, patients with chronic dacryocystitis secondary to primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups. In study group (Group A), 43 cases (44 eyes) were treated with the En-LP-DCR combined with new RT lacrimal stent intubation. Control group (Group B), 39 cases (39 eyes): conventional endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy combined with bicanalicular intubation. The stent was removed from 3 to 6 months after surgery and followed up 6 to 12 months. Results: There was no recurrence of chronic dacryocystitis in both groups. In group A, 42 eyes (95.45%) were cured and 2 eyes (4.54%) were improved. In group B, 38 eyes were cured (97.43%) and 1 eye was improved (2.56%), there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). In group B, 12 eyes (30.77%) With the incorporation of powered instrumentation to make bony ostium with full exposure of the lacrimal sac., while group A did not use powered dynamic system. Operation time of group A was (31.88±1.64) min; The operation time of group B was (48.54±4.40) min. The difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.01). In group B, the stent dislocated from the medial canthus in 2 cases, while in group A, there were no cases of the stent dislocated. No patient with dislocation, displacement of stent and punctum erosion founded in both groups, and no recurrence of chronic dacryocystitis was observed during the average follow-up of 6 months. Conclusion: Endonasal endoscopic lower position dacryocystorhinostomy combined with new RT lacrimal stent intubation is a new and effective method for the treatment of chronic dacryocystitis, with minimally surgical injury and faster postoperative recovery.
二氧化碳(carbon dioxide, CO2)激光通过气体混合物激发产生红外光，组织水分高度吸收后引发汽化和局部热效应，能够精确封闭小血管和淋巴管。这些特性使得CO2激光在组织切割过程中能够最大限度地减少出血，提高术中视野的清晰度，缩短手术时间，并减轻术后肿胀、瘀斑及疼痛。在眼整形外科，特别是处理眼周复杂病例方面，CO2激光展现了显著的优势。文章对CO2激光在眼整形外科中的应用进行综述，包括眼睑肿物切除、泪小管炎治疗、瘢痕治疗、皮肤松弛治疗以及眼袋去除等，旨在为临床医生和研究人员提供关于CO2激光在眼整形外科中的全面参考，帮助其了解该项技术的优势、效果及术后并发症，以更有效地应用于实践并探索未来发展。
The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser generates infrared light through the excitation of a gaseous mixture. When this infrared light is highly absorbed by tissue water, it triggers vaporization and localized thermal effects, enabling precise sealing of small blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. These properties allow the CO2 laser to minimize bleeding during tissue dissection, enhance intraoperative visual field clarity, reduce operative time, and alleviate postoperative swelling, ecchymosis, and pain. The CO2 laser has demonstrated significant advantages in oculoplastic surgery, particularly in the management of complex periorbital cases. This article reviews the applications of the CO2 laser in oculoplastic surgery, including eyelid tumor excision, treatment of canaliculitis, scar management, skin laxity treatment, and removal of eye bags. It aims to provide clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive reference on the use of the CO2 laser in oculoplastic surgery, helping them understand the advantages, effects, and postoperative complications of this technology, in order to more effectively apply it in practice and explore future developments.
