目的：探讨复合小梁切除术后并发浅前房的原因、治疗和预后情况。

方法：对在该院行复合小梁切除术的 267 例（302 眼）青光眼患者进行回顾性研究 ，观察术后浅前房的发生原因、治疗、预后情 况。

结果：302 眼中有 43 眼出现浅前房（1424％）。 术后滤过过强、滤过口渗漏，脉络膜脱离及睫状环阻滞是浅前房的主要原因，浅前房发生后给予保守或手术治疗，43 眼前房均恢复正常。

结论：复合小梁切除术后浅前房是常见的一种并发症。术中控制滤过率，合理应用丝裂霉素可减少浅前房的发生；术后密切观测前房、眼压和滤过情况，及早对浅前房进行干预可明显改善预后。

Purpose: To investigate the clinical cause, therapy and prognosis of shallow anterior chamber after complex trabeculectomy surgery of glaucoma.

Methods: A retrospective study of 267 patients (302 eyes) diagnosed with glaucoma at our hospital was reviewed.

Result: Forty-three among 302 eyes presented shallow anterior chamber (14.24%). The main causes of shallow anterior chamber after surgery included excessive filtering function, conjunctival exudation, choroidal detachment and ciliary circle block. These patients recovered after receiving conservative or surgical treatment.

Conclusions: The shallow anterior chamber is a frequent complication occurring following complex trabeculectomy surgery. The occurrence of this complication may be decreased by controlling filterableness and moderately applying mitomycin C intraoperatively; the prognosis may be significantly enhanced by detecting main measurements including anterior chamber, intraocular tension, filtration condition, and by interfering in shallow anterior chamber early after complex trabeculectomy surgery.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the health literacy of adult Vietnamese population in relation to common eye conditions and identify factors associated with respondents never having had an eye examination.

Methods: Four hundred households from two districts of Ba Ria-Vung Tau (BRVT) province were selected by multistage cluster random sampling. One adult from each household was administered a pre-tested knowledge, attitude and practices toward eye health questionnaire. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.

Results: Of the 400 subjects interviewed (mean age: 51.5±14.5 years; range, 30–90 years), 53.5% reported never having had an eye examination and 38.0% had spectacles. Awareness of eye conditions ranged from 7.0% for glaucoma to 52.8% for red eye. Low awareness of these conditions was significantly associated with rural habitation (odds ratio ranged from 1.65 to 2.78), lower educational attainment (odds ratio ranged from 1.78 to 2.59) and non-spectacle wear (odds ratio ranged from 1.88 to 4.55). Significant barriers to eye examination included lower educational attainment, reported absence of eye problems, non-spectacle wear, lack of affordability, and lack of health insurance.

Conclusions: Knowledge of and attitude or practices to eye health is low within the general public in Vietnam, especially among those who have never had an eye examination, are less educated and live in rural areas. Eye health promotion activities are warranted for the population and speciff c factors that influence eye examination visits should be addressed.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the health literacy of adult Vietnamese population in relation to common eye conditions and identify factors associated with respondents never having had an eye examination.

Methods: Four hundred households from two districts of Ba Ria-Vung Tau (BRVT) province were selected by multistage cluster random sampling. One adult from each household was administered a pre-tested knowledge, attitude and practices toward eye health questionnaire. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.

Results: Of the 400 subjects interviewed (mean age: 51.5±14.5 years; range, 30–90 years), 53.5% reported never having had an eye examination and 38.0% had spectacles. Awareness of eye conditions ranged from 7.0% for glaucoma to 52.8% for red eye. Low awareness of these conditions was significantly associated with rural habitation (odds ratio ranged from 1.65 to 2.78), lower educational attainment (odds ratio ranged from 1.78 to 2.59) and non-spectacle wear (odds ratio ranged from 1.88 to 4.55). Significant barriers to eye examination included lower educational attainment, reported absence of eye problems, non-spectacle wear, lack of affordability, and lack of health insurance.

Conclusions: Knowledge of and attitude or practices to eye health is low within the general public in Vietnam, especially among those who have never had an eye examination, are less educated and live in rural areas. Eye health promotion activities are warranted for the population and speciff c factors that influence eye examination visits should be addressed.

Background: To find the changes of macular perimetry (MP) and the correlations between MP and best correct visual acuity (BCVA) in different phases of the acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: Twenty-one eyes with acute CSC and their fellow eyes were analysed retrospectively. MP at 2°, 4° and BCVA in the active and resolved phase were collected and analyzed. The differences of these parameters in CSC eyes and fellow eyes were analyzed. Spearman correlation was used for analysis of correlation between MP and BCVA.

Results: From 29 eyes with CSC analysed 27eyes (93.10%) recovered to the previous VA. Compared with the active phase, MP at 2°, 4° and BCVA were significantly improved in the resolved phase(P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, respectively). MP at 2°, 4° and BCVA of CSC eyes were significantly poor compared with the fellow eyes in the active phase (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, respectively). In the resolved phase there was no significant difference between the CSC eyes and fellow eyes (P=0.339, 0.141, 0.161, respectively). BCVA was shown to significantly correlate with MP at 2° in the active phase (ρ=–0.630, P<0.001).

Conclusions: The acute CSC often had a good prognosis both in BCVA and MP. MP can provide an additional objective parameter to evaluate the retinal function changes at macula of acute CSC. 

Background: To find the changes of macular perimetry (MP) and the correlations between MP and best correct visual acuity (BCVA) in different phases of the acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: Twenty-one eyes with acute CSC and their fellow eyes were analysed retrospectively. MP at 2°, 4° and BCVA in the active and resolved phase were collected and analyzed. The differences of these parameters in CSC eyes and fellow eyes were analyzed. Spearman correlation was used for analysis of correlation between MP and BCVA.

Results: From 29 eyes with CSC analysed 27eyes (93.10%) recovered to the previous VA. Compared with the active phase, MP at 2°, 4° and BCVA were significantly improved in the resolved phase(P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, respectively). MP at 2°, 4° and BCVA of CSC eyes were significantly poor compared with the fellow eyes in the active phase (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, respectively). In the resolved phase there was no significant difference between the CSC eyes and fellow eyes (P=0.339, 0.141, 0.161, respectively). BCVA was shown to significantly correlate with MP at 2° in the active phase (ρ=–0.630, P<0.001).

Conclusions: The acute CSC often had a good prognosis both in BCVA and MP. MP can provide an additional objective parameter to evaluate the retinal function changes at macula of acute CSC. 

目的：评估低视力青少年使用电子助视器对其阅读速度的影响。

方法：在泉州市盲校筛查 10 名使用光学助视器有阅读能力的低视力青少年学生进行屈光矫正和常规外眼、内眼检查，分别测量其使用各种光学助视器及电子助视器阅读5号字卡的阅读速度。

结果：10 名低视力青少年学生在使用光学助视器后阅读速度为 (18.50±6.54) 字/分，使用电子助视器后阅读速度为 (34.36±5.06) 字/分，两组比较差异有统计学意义 (P < 0.05)。低视力青少年的近视力与阅读速度无关 (P > 0.05)。

结论：使用电子助视器较光学助视器可以明显提高低视力青少年的阅读速度，不同病因所致的低视力青少年其近视力与阅读速度无关。

Purpose: To evaluate the reading speed of adolescents with different causes of low vision using electronic visual aids.
Methods: The screening of 10 young students from Quanzhou Blind School who could read Chinese N5 print by different optical aids. After refractive correction and ophthalmic examination, the reading speeds with Chinese N5 print were measured using various optical and electronic visual aids.
Results: The reading speed of (34.36 ± 5.06) words/min by electronic visual aids performed faster than the reading speed of (18.50 ± 6.54) words/min by optical visual aids in 10 young students with low vision (P < 0.05). The reading speed of young people with low vision due to different causes had no direct linear correlation with their near visual acuity (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: The electronic visual aids could more significantly improve the reading speed of young people with low vision than the optical visual aids did. The reading speed of young people with low vision due to different causes was not related to their near visual acuity.

Purpose: To analyze the retinal symmetry of multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) in both eyes of normal subjects.

Methods: The monocular mfVEP in both eyes of 36 normal subjects (72 eyes) were tested with VERIS Science 4.0. The stimulus was the pattern reversal dart array consisted of 60 sectors each including 16 black-white reverse patterns. The visual stimulation was controlled by a binary pseudo-random m-sequence and subtended 25 degrees of retinal region.

Results: The mfVEP patterns between left and right eyes of each subject were similar, and P₁ latency and amplitude in correspondent visual field quadrants between left and right eyes had no significant difference (P>0.05). The latency of superotemporal visual field quadrant in right eyes was shorter than that of superonasal visual field quadrant in left eyes, and the amplitude of superonasal visual field quadrant in right eyes was longer than that of superotemporal visual field quadrant in left eyes (P<0.05). The P₁ latency and amplitude among four visual field quadrants of each eye had significant difference (P<0.05). The P1 latency between the superonasal visual field quadrant and inferotemporal visual field quadrant or between the superonasal visual field quadrant and inferonasal quadrant visual field had significant differences in right or left eyes (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The mfVEP of normal subjects exists retinal symmetry. 

Purpose: To analyze the retinal symmetry of multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) in both eyes of normal subjects.

Methods: The monocular mfVEP in both eyes of 36 normal subjects (72 eyes) were tested with VERIS Science 4.0. The stimulus was the pattern reversal dart array consisted of 60 sectors each including 16 black-white reverse patterns. The visual stimulation was controlled by a binary pseudo-random m-sequence and subtended 25 degrees of retinal region.

Results: The mfVEP patterns between left and right eyes of each subject were similar, and P₁ latency and amplitude in correspondent visual field quadrants between left and right eyes had no significant difference (P>0.05). The latency of superotemporal visual field quadrant in right eyes was shorter than that of superonasal visual field quadrant in left eyes, and the amplitude of superonasal visual field quadrant in right eyes was longer than that of superotemporal visual field quadrant in left eyes (P<0.05). The P₁ latency and amplitude among four visual field quadrants of each eye had significant difference (P<0.05). The P1 latency between the superonasal visual field quadrant and inferotemporal visual field quadrant or between the superonasal visual field quadrant and inferonasal quadrant visual field had significant differences in right or left eyes (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The mfVEP of normal subjects exists retinal symmetry. 

Background: To date, compliance to atropine penalization in amblyopic children has only been assessed through self-report. The goal of this pilot study is to measure compliance to atropine penalization objectively.

Methods: Seven amblyopic children (3–8 years; 20/40–20/125 in the amblyopic eye) were enrolled. None had been treated with atropine previously. Children were prescribed either a twice per week or daily atropine regimen by their physicians. Compliance was defined as the percentage of days in which the atropine eye drop was taken compared to the number of doses prescribed. We used medication event monitoring system (MEMS) caps to objectively measure compliance. The MEMS caps are designed to electronically record the time and date when the bottle is opened. The parents of the children were provided a calendar log to subjectively report compliance. Participants were scheduled for return visits at 4 and 12 weeks. Weekly compliance was analyzed.

Results: At 4 weeks, objective compliance averaged 88% (range, 57–100%), while subjective compliance was 98% (range, 90–100%). The actual dose in grams and visual acuity (VA) response relationship (r=0.79, P=0.03) was signiff cantly better than the relationship between regimen and response (r=0.41, P>0.05), or the relationship between actual dose in drops and response (r=0.52, P>0.05).

Conclusions: Objective compliance to atropine penalization instructions can be monitored with MEMS, which may facilitate our understanding of the dose-response relationship. Objective compliance with atropine penalization decreases over time and varies with regimen. On average, subjective parental reporting of compliance is overestimated.  

Background: To date, compliance to atropine penalization in amblyopic children has only been assessed through self-report. The goal of this pilot study is to measure compliance to atropine penalization objectively.

Methods: Seven amblyopic children (3–8 years; 20/40–20/125 in the amblyopic eye) were enrolled. None had been treated with atropine previously. Children were prescribed either a twice per week or daily atropine regimen by their physicians. Compliance was defined as the percentage of days in which the atropine eye drop was taken compared to the number of doses prescribed. We used medication event monitoring system (MEMS) caps to objectively measure compliance. The MEMS caps are designed to electronically record the time and date when the bottle is opened. The parents of the children were provided a calendar log to subjectively report compliance. Participants were scheduled for return visits at 4 and 12 weeks. Weekly compliance was analyzed.

Results: At 4 weeks, objective compliance averaged 88% (range, 57–100%), while subjective compliance was 98% (range, 90–100%). The actual dose in grams and visual acuity (VA) response relationship (r=0.79, P=0.03) was signiff cantly better than the relationship between regimen and response (r=0.41, P>0.05), or the relationship between actual dose in drops and response (r=0.52, P>0.05).

Conclusions: Objective compliance to atropine penalization instructions can be monitored with MEMS, which may facilitate our understanding of the dose-response relationship. Objective compliance with atropine penalization decreases over time and varies with regimen. On average, subjective parental reporting of compliance is overestimated.  

目的：该课题通过对纳入患者进行术前艾森克人格问卷调查及性别、年龄、文化程度、收入水平等 资料收集，与白内障术后1天、1月、3月的视觉满意度进行Logistic有序回归分析术后视觉满意度与人格特质等因素的关联性，以期以期探究患者植入非球面型人工晶体后视觉满意度与人格特质的关联，同时也可根据艾森克人格问卷评分对患者的预后视觉满意度进行必要术前告知沟通，降低术后预期值，提高视觉满意度，减少纠纷。方法：按照纳入标准筛选出年龄在40~84岁的112名患者，其中男性65例，女性47例。术前记录性别、年龄、收入水平及文化程度及森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revise Short Scale，EPQ-RSC)调查结果。由经验丰富的同一术者进行手术，随访并记录术后1天、1月、3月的视觉满意度。对视觉满意度进行描述性统计分析，并以不同人格特质(E、P、N、L量表所得T分)、年龄、性别、文化程度、收入水平作自变量，以视觉满意度(术后1天、1月、3月)作因变量用SPSS19做logistic有序回归分析。并将有统计学关联的因子不同组别 的视觉满意度行Kruskal Wallis分析(H检验)看组间是否存在统计学差异，若存在，再进行两两秩和检验予以比较。结果：术后1天、1月、3月总视觉满意度分别为90.18%、82.41%、90.18%。Logistic回归分析得出：术后1天，男性患者，属中间型E类人格的患者视觉满意度较高。术后1月，年龄在40~49岁， 属中间型E类人格，患者视觉满意度较高。术后3月，年龄在40~49岁，属中间型E类人格，患者视觉满意度较高。相关因素行H检验后只有E量表的P<0.05，存在统计学意义，对E组内的不同分组行两两 秩和检验后得出多组间存在统计学差异，典型外向型E类人格视觉满意度最高，中间型视觉满意度次之，倾向内、外向型E类人格视觉满意度均偏低，且倾向内向型视觉满意度最低。结论：白内障患者超声乳化术后1天、1月、3月的总体视觉满意度间存显著差异，术后1天视觉满意度较高，术后1月略有下降，而术后3月视觉满意度提高。术后3月不同E量表表型的视觉满意度间存在统计学差异。

目的：该课题通过对纳入患者进行术前艾森克人格问卷调查及性别、年龄、文化程度、收入水平等 资料收集，与白内障术后1天、1月、3月的视觉满意度进行Logistic有序回归分析术后视觉满意度与人格特质等因素的关联性，以期以期探究患者植入非球面型人工晶体后视觉满意度与人格特质的关联，同时也可根据艾森克人格问卷评分对患者的预后视觉满意度进行必要术前告知沟通，降低术后预期值，提高视觉满意度，减少纠纷。方法：按照纳入标准筛选出年龄在40~84岁的112名患者，其中男性65例，女性47例。术前记录性别、年龄、收入水平及文化程度及森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revise Short Scale，EPQ-RSC)调查结果。由经验丰富的同一术者进行手术，随访并记录术后1天、1月、3月的视觉满意度。对视觉满意度进行描述性统计分析，并以不同人格特质(E、P、N、L量表所得T分)、年龄、性别、文化程度、收入水平作自变量，以视觉满意度(术后1天、1月、3月)作因变量用SPSS19做logistic有序回归分析。并将有统计学关联的因子不同组别 的视觉满意度行Kruskal Wallis分析(H检验)看组间是否存在统计学差异，若存在，再进行两两秩和检验予以比较。结果：术后1天、1月、3月总视觉满意度分别为90.18%、82.41%、90.18%。Logistic回归分析得出：术后1天，男性患者，属中间型E类人格的患者视觉满意度较高。术后1月，年龄在40~49岁， 属中间型E类人格，患者视觉满意度较高。术后3月，年龄在40~49岁，属中间型E类人格，患者视觉满意度较高。相关因素行H检验后只有E量表的P<0.05，存在统计学意义，对E组内的不同分组行两两 秩和检验后得出多组间存在统计学差异，典型外向型E类人格视觉满意度最高，中间型视觉满意度次之，倾向内、外向型E类人格视觉满意度均偏低，且倾向内向型视觉满意度最低。结论：白内障患者超声乳化术后1天、1月、3月的总体视觉满意度间存显著差异，术后1天视觉满意度较高，术后1月略有下降，而术后3月视觉满意度提高。术后3月不同E量表表型的视觉满意度间存在统计学差异。

Purpose: To report target z-axis optimized LASIK treating for two eyes from two patients with decentered ablation.

Methods: The LaserSight AstraPro2.2Z software is a topography-guided custom ellipsoid ablation platform. LASIK with target z-axis optimization was performed to restore pre-operative visual axis using a LaserSight 1.0 excimer laser (version 5.3, 300Hz).

Results: During pre-operative examination, the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.5 in both eyes, and the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 1.0 and 0.8. The decentered ablation zones were diagnosed with LaserSight AstraMax topography. Following target z-axis micro-translation, fifteen and eight microns of central corneal tissues were preserved in the two eyes respectively. The UCVA was 1.2 in both eyes, and secondary ablation zones were both centered on the visual axis. Topography maps and UCVA were stable in both eyes at the time of final follow-up.

Conclusions: Using target Z-axis optimized LASIK with the LaserSight AstraPro Planner 2.2 Z customized ablation software was an effective method to modify decentered ablation and restore the visual axis.

Purpose: To report target z-axis optimized LASIK treating for two eyes from two patients with decentered ablation.

Methods: The LaserSight AstraPro2.2Z software is a topography-guided custom ellipsoid ablation platform. LASIK with target z-axis optimization was performed to restore pre-operative visual axis using a LaserSight 1.0 excimer laser (version 5.3, 300Hz).

Results: During pre-operative examination, the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.5 in both eyes, and the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 1.0 and 0.8. The decentered ablation zones were diagnosed with LaserSight AstraMax topography. Following target z-axis micro-translation, fifteen and eight microns of central corneal tissues were preserved in the two eyes respectively. The UCVA was 1.2 in both eyes, and secondary ablation zones were both centered on the visual axis. Topography maps and UCVA were stable in both eyes at the time of final follow-up.

Conclusions: Using target Z-axis optimized LASIK with the LaserSight AstraPro Planner 2.2 Z customized ablation software was an effective method to modify decentered ablation and restore the visual axis.

目的：观察青光眼引流钉植入术治疗难治性青光眼的疗效。方法：对联合应用抗青光眼药物无法控制的难治性开角型青光眼19例19只眼行青光眼引流钉植入术，术中应用丝裂霉素(2 mg /6~8 mL，2.5~4 min)及可松解缝线。术后1天、2周和1、3、6、12个月进行随访，观察眼压、视力、滤过泡形态、前房深度、眼底C/D、降眼压药物使用情况、完全及部分成功率 及有无并发症等情况。结果：19例患者中，术后完全成功率78.9%(15例)，部分成功率10.5% (2例)，失败10.5%(2例)。术前用3~5种降眼压药，眼压控制于27.7±10.1 mmHg。术后随访仅三人需使用1~2种降压药物。眼压下降组间有显著性意义(P<0.001)。与术前相比，术后1天(11.8±7.7 mmHg，P<0.001)，术后2周(10.1±4.2 mmHg，P<0.05)，1个月(12.0±4.0 mmHg，P=0.001)，6个月(12.2±3.4 mmHg，P<0.001)，1年(13.1±3.3 mmHg，P=0.001)及2年随访(14.5±2.5 mmHg，P=0.001)，眼压下降均具有显著性意义。术后患者视力、前房深度及C/D改变差异无显著性意 义。末次随访滤过泡弥散隆起57.9%(11例)，微囊型15.8%(3例)，瘢痕型21.1%(4例)，包裹型5.3%(1例)。所有患者均未观察到明显的术后并发症的发生。结论：房水引流钉植入术治疗难治性开角型青光眼手术成功率高，并发症少，值得推广。

目的：观察青光眼引流钉植入术治疗难治性青光眼的疗效。方法：对联合应用抗青光眼药物无法控制的难治性开角型青光眼19例19只眼行青光眼引流钉植入术，术中应用丝裂霉素(2 mg /6~8 mL，2.5~4 min)及可松解缝线。术后1天、2周和1、3、6、12个月进行随访，观察眼压、视力、滤过泡形态、前房深度、眼底C/D、降眼压药物使用情况、完全及部分成功率 及有无并发症等情况。结果：19例患者中，术后完全成功率78.9%(15例)，部分成功率10.5% (2例)，失败10.5%(2例)。术前用3~5种降眼压药，眼压控制于27.7±10.1 mmHg。术后随访仅三人需使用1~2种降压药物。眼压下降组间有显著性意义(P<0.001)。与术前相比，术后1天(11.8±7.7 mmHg，P<0.001)，术后2周(10.1±4.2 mmHg，P<0.05)，1个月(12.0±4.0 mmHg，P=0.001)，6个月(12.2±3.4 mmHg，P<0.001)，1年(13.1±3.3 mmHg，P=0.001)及2年随访(14.5±2.5 mmHg，P=0.001)，眼压下降均具有显著性意义。术后患者视力、前房深度及C/D改变差异无显著性意 义。末次随访滤过泡弥散隆起57.9%(11例)，微囊型15.8%(3例)，瘢痕型21.1%(4例)，包裹型5.3%(1例)。所有患者均未观察到明显的术后并发症的发生。结论：房水引流钉植入术治疗难治性开角型青光眼手术成功率高，并发症少，值得推广。