Dry eye syndrome is a chronic ocular surface condition caused by a variety of factors, which can seriously affect the daily life of patients. Studies have found that the incidence of dry eye syndrome in children has increased dramatically with changes in the environment and the widespread use of electronic devices. In addition, due to the weak ability of children to express symptoms subjectively, their symptom manifestations are different from those of adults and are often more hidden, resulting in insufficient understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye in children. Dry eye syndrome not only severely affects a child's learning and quality of life, but can also have long-term effects on their visual health and development. Therefore, it is particularly important to raise the attention of clinical ophthalmologists to children with dry eye syndrome, prevent complications, and avoid irreversible visual damage in children. Recent studies have shown that combining traditional diagnostic criteria for dry eye with visual quality assessment can lead to a more precise and objective diagnosis of dry eye and assessment of its severity. This review will review the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, and visual quality assessment indicators of dry eye in children, in order to provide reference and guidance for clinical practice.
Purpose:To screen proper concentration of clarithromycin ophthalmic gel by observingthe efficacy of different concertrations of clarithromycin ophthalmic gel for treatingstaphylococcal corneal ulcers.
Methods:Corneal ulcer was induced in the right eye of 40 rabbits, 3.0 x 10°CFU/mlstaphylococcus aureus suspension was injected midstromally into the central cornel.These rabbits were divided randomly into $ groups ,each group received respectivelytopical blank matrix, clarithromycin ophthalmic gel 0.1%,clarithromycin ophthalmicgel 0.25%,levofloxacin ophthalmic gel, clarithromycin ophthalmic gel 0.25% andrecombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (Rb-bFGF), 4 times every day, 2drops each time. The eyes were examined respectively with the slit lamp beforetreatment(day0),on day3,day5, day7, day 10, day 14 to observe theprogression of corneal ulceration.including the area of the corneal ulcer and mark of keratitis.Resuls:Under the same way of giving medicine, experimental coreal ulcer studiesshowed a statistically significant decrease in all tratement groups on measurements ofthe area of the comeal ulcer and mark of keratitis(P<0.05),and clarithromycinophthalmic gel 0.25% had a better action than clarithromycin ophthalmic gel 0.1%against staphylococcus aureus corneal ulcer.
Conclusion:Clarithromycin ophthalmic gel 0,25% was proved to be an effective ocularmedication for the therapy of gram-positive bacterial corneal ulcer.
Age stands as a primary risk factor for diseases and disabilities among the elderly. To effectively assess the underlying aging processes, accurate measures of biological age and rates of aging across multiple levels of aging features are essential. Biological age derives from physiological assessments of systems and organs. It has emerged as a superior predictor of age-related diseases and mortality compared to chronological age. Recent advancements in machine learning have catalyzed the development of sophisticated models capable of quantitatively characterizing biological aging with different types of data. This review explores the machine learning models in advancing our understanding of biological aging, highlighting the potential of these innovative approaches to facilitate aging research and personalized healthcare strategies.
Purpose: To explore the status of current global research, trends and hotspots in the field of lupus retinopathy (LR). Methods: Publications related to LR from 2003 to 2022 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). Citespace 6.2.R4 software was used to analyze the raw data. Bibliometric parameters such as publication quality, countries, authors, international cooperation, and keywords were taken into account. Results: A total of 315 publications were retrieved. The annual research output has increased significantly since 2010, especially since 2017. Marmor MF, Lee BR, and Melles RB contributed the highest number of articles published on LR. The top three publishing countries were the USA, China, and UK. Stanford University, Hanyang University, and Harvard Medical School were the top three producing institutions in the world for LR research. The top ten commonly used keywords include the following: systemic lupus erythematosus, retinopathy, retinal toxicity, antimalarial, hydroxychloroquine, optical coherence tomography, antiphospholipid syndrome, microvascular, optic neuritis, optical coherence tomography angiography. The keywords "optical coherence tomography angiography" and "vessel density" have exploded in recent years. Conclusion: By analyzing the current body of LR literature, specific global trends and hotspots for LR research were identified, presenting valuable information to track cutting- edge progress and for future cooperation between various authors and institutions.
Objective: To investigate the autofluorescence of stale fundus haemorrhage in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV)with indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) .Methods: The color photographs and ICGA were performed in 36 eyes of 36 cases of exudative AMD or PCV with stale fundus haemorrhage. All of the cases were examinedby funduscopy and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) .Results: Autofluorescence could be observed in all of the stale haemorrhage cases. Stale haemorrhage showed grayish color and the shapes and sizes of autofluoresence in ICGA were in accordance with those of the stale haemorrhage in the color photographs. The boundaries of autofluorescence were clear and the intensities were strong. The percentage of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) or PCV in or beside stale haemorrh-age was significantly higher than that outside the stale haemorrhage (27 eyes, 75%) .Conclusions: Autofluorescence of stale haemorrhage in ICGA can be mixed up with the high fluorescence of CNV and grapes-like polypoidal dilatation. It is helpful to compare the color photographs with ICGA and recognize the different ICGA characteristics in the assessment of ICGA results in these circumstances.
Dry eye is a chronic ocular surface disease caused by multiple factors, which can seriously affect the quality of life of patients. This review summarizes the recent studies related to dry eye in children, and found that due to environmental changes and the widespread use of electronic products, the incidence of dry eye in children has increased rapidly, and the subjective expression ability of children is poor, and the symptoms are not exactly the same as those of adults, and are insidious, and the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye in children is not fully understood. Moreover, dry eye can seriously affect children's learning ability, quality of life, visual quality and visual development, so it is necessary to pay more attention to dry eye in children by clinical ophthalmologists to prevent related complications and avoid permanent visual damage to children. The latest studies have shown that the combination of visual quality evaluation indicators on the traditional dry eye diagnostic indicators can more accurately and objectively diagnose dry eye and evaluate the severity of dry eye conditions. Therefore, this article will review the research progress of the epidemiology, risk factors and visual quality assessment indicators of dry eye in children, aiming to provide guidance for clinical work.
Dry eye is a chronic ocular surface disease caused by multiple factors, which can seriously affect the quality of life of patients. This review summarizes the recent studies related to dry eye in children, and found that due to environmental changes and the widespread use of electronic products, the incidence of dry eye in children has increased rapidly, and the subjective expression ability of children is poor, and the symptoms are not exactly the same as those of adults, and are insidious, and the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye in children is not fully understood. Moreover, dry eye can seriously affect children's learning ability, quality of life, visual quality and visual development, so it is necessary to pay more attention to dry eye in children by clinical ophthalmologists to prevent related complications and avoid permanent visual damage to children. The latest studies have shown that the combination of visual quality evaluation indicators on the traditional dry eye diagnostic indicators can more accurately and objectively diagnose dry eye and evaluate the severity of dry eye conditions. Therefore, this article will review the research progress of the epidemiology, risk factors and visual quality assessment indicators of dry eye in children, aiming to provide guidance for clinical work.
Aims: To assess the real-world distribution of uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA) in highly myopic cataract patients and associated refraction outcomes after cataract surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with patients with an axial length (AL) ≥26 mm in at least one eye and who underwent phacoemulsification and monofocal intraocular lens implantation included. UCNVA was measured using a LogMAR ETDRS near visual acuity tumbling E chart at 40 cm three months or later after surgery. Other examinations included non-cycloplegic autorefraction and best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA). Multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the risk factors for near visual impairment (UCNVA < 20/40). Results: A total of 664 patients (664 eyes) with a mean AL of 29.05±2.31 mm and a postoperative spherical equivalent of -2.51±1.12D were included. Among them, 319 eyes (48.04%) and 518 eyes (78.01%) had UCNVA and BCDVA ≥ 20/40, respectively. Risk factors for UCNVA less than 20/40 included postoperative astigmatism greater than 1D (-2 to -1D, odds ratio [OR]: 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24 to 3.22; < -2D, OR: 4.27, 95% CI: 1.88 to 9.66), postoperative spherical equivalent outside the range of -3.5 to -1.5D (OR: 4.17 to 19.73), and BCDVA less than 20/40 (OR: 5.44, 95% CI: 3.14 to 9.42). Conclusion: A residual astigmatism of less than 1D and a target refraction between -3.5 and -1.5 D, should be considered to provide unimpaired UCNVA at 40 cm in highly myopic cataract patients.
Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is a highly heterogeneous group of inherited retinal diseases（IRDs）primarily caused by dysfunction of retinal photoreceptor cells and bipolar cells. The main clinical features include stationary night blindness and impaired dark adaptation, with patients often exhibiting significant reduction in night vision at birth. Accompanying symptoms may include early-onset myopia, nystagmus, strabismus, and hyperopia. Unlike progressive IRDs such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), patients with CSNB typically show relatively normal or only mildly abnormal fundus findings, and the disease is less progressive. Electroretinography (ERG) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, classification, and treatment guidance for CSNB. The prevalence of CSNB is relatively low, categorizing it as a rare disease; however, its true incidence may be underestimated. This is partially due to its mild symptoms and often unremarkable fundus findings, leading to frequent neglect of retinal function examinations in clinical practice, which results in a high rate of missed or misdiagnosed cases. Therefore, in-depth research and understanding of the phenotypic characteristics and pathogenesis of CSNB are of great significance for improving clinical diagnosis. This review aims to comprehensively explore the disease spectrum of CSNB, including clinical manifestations of different types, imaging and functional phenotypic characteristics, as well as related genetic genes and pathogenic mechanisms. Additionally, the article will summarize the associations between genotype and phenotype, review the latest research findings and future directions, with the aim of enhancing domestic understanding of CSNB, providing reference and guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and offering new insights for future research.
In recent years, the prevalence of myopia has been on the rise, becoming a global public health issue with significant negative impacts on individuals, society, and even at the national level. Myopia is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors, leading to variations in prevalence across different regions. To slow down the onset and progression of myopia, it is crucial to focus on early detection and prevention, along with other effective treatment interventions to achieve the best control and prevention outcomes. This article reviews the current state of research on the epidemiology and screening indicators of myopia.
