Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) extend through the optic nerve, connecting with neurons in visually related nuclei. Similar to most mature neurons in the central nervous system, once damaged, RGCs are unable to regenerate their axons and swiftly progress to cell death. In addition to cell-intrinsic mechanisms, extrinsic factors within the extracellular environment, notably glial and inflammatory cells, exert a pivotal role in modulating RGC neurodegeneration and regeneration. Moreover, burgeoning evidence suggests that retinal interneurons, specifically amacrine cells, exert a substantial influence on RGC survival and axon regeneration. In this review, we consolidate the present understanding of extrinsic factors implicated in RGC survival and axon regeneration, and deliberate on potential therapeutic strategies aimed at fostering optic nerve regeneration and restoring vision

Congenital dacryocystocele is a relatively rare neonatal lacrimal duct disease. Since the newborn's immune system has not yet fully developed, if not treated in time, the disease may further develop into acute dacryocystitis or orbital cellulitis, which may be severe and even life-threatening. Therefore, it is very important for every lacrimal surgeon to improve the understanding of this disease and ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. This paper reports a case of congenital dacryocystocele with infection after massage. A 37-day-old female patient was admitted to the hospital due to a "bluish-gray" skin mass on the inner canthus of the right eye. The patient was treated with lacrimal sac massage. The local incision and drainage were performed in the local hospital because of local redness and swelling after massage. After the incision healed, the bluish gray mass protricated from the skin again, with scar on the surface. Orbital CT showed a cystic mass in the lacrimal sac region. The patient was diagnosed with congenital dacryocystocele and chronic dacryocystitis in the right eye. The child underwent Hasner's valve incision and plasty under nasal endoscope under general anesthesia. According to the characteristics of the disease, first of all, the cyst puncture was performed in the lower nasal meatus to reduce the pressure in the lacrimal duct, and then the lacrimal probe was inserted into the lower opening of the nasolacrimal duct, and the baggification was expanded with the knife tip. The postoperative reexamination showed that the nasolacrimal duct healed well. The diagnosis of lacrimal sac cyst is relatively simple according to the typical triad and imaging examination. The timing and plan of treatment are controversial. When acute dacryocystitis or airway obstruction occurs, surgery should be performed as soon as possible.

Abstract Objective: To compare the difference in myopia rates between primary school graduates of Yi and Han nationality in Jinkouhe District, Leshan City, and explore the associated factors of myopia. Methods: From July to August 2023, the physical examination center of People's Hospital of Jinkouhe District was used as the research site, and 48 Yi and 48 Han primary school graduates from Jinkouhe District were selected as the research subjects using a random sampling method. Basic information such as vision care habits, vision, and optometry results of the study subjects were collected through questionnaire surveys and ophthalmic examinations. T-test or χ2 tests were conducted to compare the differences in basic characteristics and myopia rates between two groups, and logistic regression models were used to analyze the associated factors of myopia. Results: The myopia rate of Han primary school graduates (41.67%) was higher than that of Yi students (18.75%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=25.79, P<0.001). The average lenghth of daily use of electronic screens of Han primary school graduates were statistically longer than those of Yi students (P<0.001) and average lenghth of outdoor activities of Han primary school graduates were statistically shorter than those of Yi students (P<0.001). There was a significant correlation between electronic screen type (OR=0.10, 95% CI=0.01-0.97, P=0.04), average lenghth of daily use of electronic screens after class (OR=9.33, 95% CI=3.69-23.62, P<0.001), and myopia. Conclusion: The myopia rate of Yi and Han primary school graduates in Jinkouhe District, Leshan City is relatively low, but it should still be taken seriously. The types of electronic screens and the lenghth of electronic products after class are related factors for myopia in adolescents.

Abstract Objective: To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of related substances of Travoprost in Travoprost and Timolol Maleate Eye Drops. Methods: The analytic column was Thermo ODS (50 mm×4.6 mm, 3μm) . Using phosphoric acid solution (take 2.0mL of phosphoric acid, dilute with water and make up to 1000mL, adjust the pH to 3.0 with sodium hydroxide solution) as mobile phase A, acetonitrile as mobile phase B, elution gradient at a flow rate of 3.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 220nm and the column temperature was 30℃. The injection volume is 100μL. Results: Under this chromatographic condition, travoprost and various impurities can be well separated.The linear range of travoprost, 5,6-trans-travoprost, and 15-keto-travoprost showed were well shown within 0.041~3.245μg·mL-1(r=1.0000),0.040~3.229μg?mL-1(r=1.0000),0.039~3.088μg?mL-1(r=0.9999). Their lowest detection limits were 0.020,0.020, and 0.020μg?mL-1, The average recovery rate of 5,6-trans-travoprost was 95.2% with relative standard deviation (RSD) 0.5% (n=9). The average recovery rate of 15-keto-travoprost was 92.7% with relative standard deviation (RSD) 1.2% (n=9). The method had high reproducibility. Conclusion: The method is simple, quick and accurate, which is suitable for the determination of related substances of travoprost in Travoprost and Timolol Maleate Eye Drops.

Objective To study the effect of comfortable care in patients with macular hole retinal detachment. Methods 125 patients with macular hole retinal detachment undergoing intravitreal gas injection in our hospital during 2022.01-2024.04 were selected and divided into routine care group (perioperative routine care, 62 cases) and evidence-based comfort group (comfortable care under the evidence-based concept). Compare the sleep time, comfort [Kolcaba comfort scale (GCQ)], intraocular pressure level [intraocular pressure (IOP)], and compare the quality of life before surgery and 6 months after surgery [Chinese version of people with low vision (CLVQOL)] and the complication rate. Results Sleep duration, GCQ score and IOP level, time and interaction between both groups (P <0.05); At 3d and 7d postoperative time, Higher sleep duration and GCQ scores in both groups (P <0.05), And the evidence-based comfort group was higher than the usual care group (P <0.05); At 3d and 7d postoperative time, There showed a decreasing trend in both groups (P <0.05), And the evidence-based comfort group was significantly lower than the usual care group (P <0.05); At 6 months after surgery, All dimension and total score of CLVQOL increased in both groups (P <0.05), Moreover, the evidence-based comfort group score was higher than the usual care group (P <0.05); The complication rate in the evidence-based comfort group was lower than that in the usual care group (4.76% VS 16.13%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The improved facial brace with the evidence-based concept can help prolong the prone position, improve comfort, reduce the intraocular pressure level, and improve the quality of life, and the risk of postoperative complications is low.

Objective：To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of 25-gauge+（25G+）combined with 10K（10000）cuts per minute（cpm）minimally invasive vitrectomy (MIVS) in treating primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods: An analysis was performed on 92 patients (92 eyes) diagnosed with RRD who received treatment at Fuzhou Southeast Eye Hospital(Jinshan New Hospital) from January 2023 to May 2024. The patients were categorized into two groups, A and B, each comprising 46 patients along with their corresponding eyes. Group A served as the intervention group receiving the combination of 25G+ with 10K cpm MIVS, while Group B acted as the control group undergoing treatment with 25G+ combined with 7.5K cpm MIVS. This study compared operation time, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), macular central foveal thickness（CFT）, as well as intraoperative and postoperative complications between both groups. Results: Both groups successfully achieved retinal reattachment without significant differences in pure vitrectomy time (p>0.05); however, total operation time in Group A was shorter than that in Group B (p<0.05). At 7d，4、8wk postoperatively, BCVA improved significantly for both groups compared to preoperative values (P<0.01), with Group A demonstrating superior BCVA relative to Group B (p< 0.01). At 7d postoperatively, CFT in Group A was thicker than that observed in Group B，nonetheless, this difference did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). Both groups exhibited elevated IOP postoperatively when contrasted against preoperative measurements，this difference being statistically significant in time but not between the two groups themselves (p>0.05). Mild discomfort persisted for both groups at 7d postoperatively without significant variance between the two groups (p>0.05). No serious complications arose during or after surgery in the two groups.Conclusion: 25G+ combined with 10K cpm MIVS is effective, safe and comfortable in the treatment of RRD, with high operation efficiency, rapid postoperative recovery and good patient feeling.

Ideological and political education plays a crucial role in cultivating excellent physicians who have ideals and beliefs, high moral character, solid knowledge and compassion. In teaching professional medical knowledge and skills, ophthalmology tutors should also integrate ideological and political elements in the training of medical students. According to the characteristics of ophthalmology, we describe the necessity of integrating ideological and political education into theoretical knowledge learning, clinical internships, and scientific research. In addition, we provide the methods of "how to integrate" to enhance the affinity and relevance of the ideological and political education. Of note, ideological and political education of ophthalmology is a systematic project, and that only by raising the awareness of all personnel, strengthening design of all course, and grasping the full implementation, can we achieve the goal of cultivating excellent physicians.

Dry eye disease (DED) and allergic conjunctivitis (AC) are two prevalent ocular disorders that often co-occur and share some similar clinical manifestations and biochemical characteristics, complicating diagnosis. Allergic reactions may trigger an inflammatory response in the eye, compromising the microenvironment of the ocular surface and the stability of the tear film, thereby exacerbating dry eye symptoms and affecting visual quality. When allergic conjunctivitis and dry eye occur together, they can significantly reduce a patient's quality of life and performance. A comprehensive therapeutic approach is needed to address the interaction of these two diseases.

Objective: To investigate the perioperative health education needs and its influencing factors of patients undergoing ophthalmic day surgery. Methods: A total of 156 patients undergoing day ophthalmic surgery in the operating room of a Grade A hospital in Henan Province were selected by convenience sampling method. General data questionnaire and perioperative health education demand questionnaire were used to investigate the patients undergoing day ophthalmic surgery. Independent sample t test, one-way analysis of variance, multiple linear regression and other statistical methods were used for statistical analysis. Result: Perioperative health education needs of patients undergoing daytime ophthalmological surgery were 86.79±1.81, among which preoperative self-preparation, postoperative common complications management and postoperative eye guidance had the highest scores (4.79±0.41, 4.96±0.19, 4.74±0.44), and intraoperative body positioning had the lowest scores. 3.47±0.50 points; In the selection of perioperative health education practitioners, 75% of the patients chose the ophthalmic specialist nurses in the operating room; in the selection of perioperative health education methods, 61.54% of the patients chose the comprehensive health education methods; in the time point of perioperative health education, 78.85% of the patients chose the segmented health education; In terms of influencing factors, education background, marital status, monthly family income and low vision were the influencing factors of perioperative health education demand. Conclusion: Patients with daytime ophthalmic surgery have a high demand for perioperative health education. It is necessary to strengthen the standardized training of ophthalmic nurses in the operating room and provide adequate perioperative health education guidance according to the health education needs of patients with daytime ophthalmic surgery, so as to improve the satisfaction and medical experience of patients with daytime ophthalmic surgery and reduce the occurrence of complications.

Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a broad-spectrum, non-coherent light with wavelengths ranging from 500 to 2000 nm, produced by high-output xenon flash lamps. Since its application value in the treatment of dry eye was first discovered at the beginning of the 20th century, it has gradually gained widespread attention from ophthalmologists. As an emerging optical therapy, IPL improves meibomian gland function through selective photothermal action, photobiomodulation, thermal radiation effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and antibacterial and acaricidal effects. It enhances the stability of the tear film, reduces inflammatory responses, restores the ocular surface microenvironment, and thus improves ocular symptoms and signs, achieving the goal of treating diseases. In recent years, with the continuous development and application of IPL technology, treatment has become non-invasive, safe, and effective. Its application range in ocular diseases has been continuously expanding. To date, there have been reports on the efficacy and safety of IPL in treating meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and related dry eye, Demodex blepharitis, chalazion, blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC), and allergic conjunctivitis, among other ocular surface diseases. However, there are still relatively few studies on the use of IPL in treating ocular surface diseases, and more in-depth research is still needed. This article reviews the mechanisms of action, clinical applications, efficacy, and safety of IPL in the treatment of ocular surface diseases both domestically and internationally. It aims to provide a reference for the application of IPL in ocular diseases.