Glaucoma not only is common, but also seriously damages the visual function of the patients, and is recognized as the first irreversible blinding disease in the world. After careful observation, we recognize that untimely diagnosis,unreasonable treatment and irregular follow-up are leading causes to blindness. Opportunistic screening is a main measure to early find the glaucoma in clinical practice. To improve the screening efficiency, the high-risk mass of glaucoma, such as immediate family members of glaucoma patients, older adults and high myopia should be closely focused. In addition, the ophthalmologists should understand the whole process of glaucoma. The development of the primary angle closure glaucoma or primary open angle glaucoma is a concept of continuum. We should make the diagnosis of glaucoma before the patients have any symptoms or serious damage of the visual function. Reasonable treatment should include controlling intraocular pressure in the scope of the target pressure adopting to the optic damage and visual field defect in that eye by drugs, laser or surgery, and as far as possible to improve the drug compliance. Sustained control of glaucoma management depends on the ability to assess the effect of treatment, and to find the instability of the disease and the appropriate management. Glaucoma is a preventable and treatable eye disease. We can decrease the blinding rate and change the current status of the first blinding eye disease for glaucoma.

Infiltrative?optic?neuropathy (ION) is?characterized?by?the?infiltration?of?tumor?cells?or inflammatory?cells?in?the?optic?nerve?and?its?sheath.?Leukemic infiltrative?optic?neuropathy is common,and is?easily?misdiagnosed?as optic?neuritis,?which?contributes?to?the?high?rate?of?misdiagnosis and?missed?diagnosis?of?ION?in?clinical?practice. This paper reports a 44-year-old female patient who complained of visual acuity decline in left eye for 10 days. She was misdiagnosed as optic neuritis in the early stage and treated with glucocorticoid shock therapy, and her condition improved slightly after first treatment,but her condition appeared again after 20 days.She was diagnosed as leukemic infiltrative?optic?neuropathy by cerebrospinal fliud examination.Therefore, the treatment process was summarized to provide diagnosis and treatment guidance for early detection of leukemia infiltrative?optic?neuropathy.

Corneal dystrophy is a group of rare, non-inflammatory, histopathologic and hereditary corneal diseases. It is characterized by turbidity of different shapes formed by deposition of abnormal corneal materials in both eyes. The disease progresses slowly and has a single clinical presentation. Visual acuity decreases with age. Some epithelial corneal dystrophy presents with irritation after the epithelial defect without systemic presentation. Corneal transplantation is often used for the treatment of most corneal dystrophy. However, the degree and depth of various corneal dystrophy lesions are significantly different. Therefore, according to the different types of diseases, the selection of appropriate treatment means can improve the visual acuity of patients to a greater extent, reduce the occurrence of surgical complications and graft rejection. In this paper, the genetic mode, disease characteristics, pathological characteristics, treatment methods and the selection of the latest surgical techniques of corneal dystrophy were discussed.

Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate analog widely used against a range of diseases including malignancies and autoimmune disorders. MTX has also been widely applied in ophthalmic diseases, systemically or locally. although MTX has an excellent pharmacological efficacy, MTX associated side effects in clinical use, which vary from patient to patient. This review aimed to reveal clinical approaches of MTX and its adverse effects in order to provide a reference for ophthalmic clinical application of MTX.

Objective: To explore the application effect of job demand-oriented training model in specialized training of sterile supplying for nurses in the ophthalmic operation room. Methods: A total of 44 nurses who would work in the operating room were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=23) and control group (n=21). Based on the three industrial standards of Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) and the technical specifications of disinfection in hospital, and targeting the job requirements of operating room nursing, the experimental group formulates specific training contents and adopts various training methods. The experimental group was transferred to the operating room after being trained in CSSD for 3 months and passing the examination. The control group was transferred directly to the operating room. The degree of satisfaction from the teachers of operating room to new nurses was used as the evaluation index. Results: All the 23 students passed the examination of theoretical knowledge and technical operation, and the small lectures were completed successfully. The degree of satisfaction from teachers in operating room to trainees was obviously higher than that of untrained nurses. Conclusion: The establishment of job demand-oriented training model in specialized training of sterile supplying for nurses in ophthalmic operation room is helpful to improve the work adaptability of the newly-hired nurses in the operation room. It also helps the nurses in the operation room to enhance the management ability on the specialized instruments.

Keratoconus is a common disease in ophthalmology and treatment is mainly based on etiology. Untreated corneal diseases can develop into corneal clouding, corneal macula, corneal leukoplakia or even loss of vision. This is a special case of a patient who underwent autologous penetrating keratoplasty (APK) in our hospital for low vision due to traumatic formation of corneal leukoplakia.

The efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the treatment of macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) have been widely confirmed. However, there is no unified standard for anti-VEGF treatment regimens. Current treatment regimens mainly include fixed treatment regimen, pro re nata (PRN) treatment regimen, stabilization criteria-driven PRN treatment regimen, and treat and extend (T&E) regimen. In recent years, many studies have compared different treatment regimens in composite dimensions,including improving visual function, assessing disease activity quantitatively and adjusting the follow-up frequency,to provide clinicians with a reference of choosing anti-VEGF treatment regimens. The purpose of this article is to review and summarize recent researches on anti-VEGF drugs in the treatment of ME secondary to RVO, and to clarify the research progress in the anti-VEGF treatment regimens.

Exposure keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea that occurs when the cornea loses the protection of the eyelid and is exposed to air, resulting in dryness, epithelial exfoliation, and secondary infection. Most of them are found in eyelid defect, protopsis, eyelid ectropion, facial palsy, and anesthesia. Loss of tears, lagophthalmos and exposed ocular surface all affect the health of the cornea, putting it at risk of inflammation, ulceration, and perforation. The purpose of treatment is to remove exposure factors, protect the corneal epithelium and keep ocular surface moist.Currently, the commonly used treatments are surgical treatment and medical treatment, and some of them are temporary while others are permanent.

[Abstract] Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of 23G glass incision in combination with Yamane-style intersutured scleral fixation (YAMANE) in patients with capsule rupture or dislocation of lens. And compared with 23G glass incision combined with one-piece folding intraocular lens (hereinafter referred to as one-piece folding intraocular lens) and one-piece folding intraocular lens (hereinafter referred to as routine surgery). Methods: A total of 45 patients with capsular rupture or lens dislocation in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected and randomly divided into three groups with 15 cases in each group. YAMANE group underwent 23G glass resection combined with three-piece folding intraocular lens (IOL); YAMANE group underwent 23G glass resection combined with one-piece folding intraocular lens (IOL); conventional group underwent one-piece folding intraocular lens (IOL). The operation time, naked eye visual acuity, intraocular pressure, refractive status, astigmatism, corneal endothelial cell density, intraocular lens inclination, neutral and complication rate were recorded and compared in each group before and after operation, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Results: All the operations were successfully completed without serious complications. The operation time of YAMANE group was significantly longer than that of one-piece operation group and conventional operation group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the naked eye visual acuity, intraocular pressure, refractive status, astigmatism value and corneal endothelial cell density at each time point after surgery (P>0.05). The IOL inclination and neutral in YAMANE group were better than those in one-piece and conventional groups (P<0.05), and no IOL displacement or dislocation occurred during follow-up. Intraocular lens displacement or dislocation was found in 2 patients in the one-piece group and 3 patients in the conventional group, requiring further surgical repair. Conclusion: 23G glass incision combined with Yamane-style intersutured scleral fixation is an effective and safe way for the patients with capsular rupture or dislocation of lens, which can guarantee the stability and neutrality of lens and improve the quality of vision, and is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To preliminarily evaluate the efficacy, safety and operability of foldable capsule buckle (FCB) in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods Prospective clinical case study. From March 2020 to September 2021, 10 patients (10 eyes) with RRD underwent FCB implantation in our hospital. The surgical effect was evaluated by B-ultrasound, fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The safety of the operation was evaluated according to the occurrence of postoperative complications such as FCB exposure, diplopia, rejection, and eye movement limitation. Results The mean follow-up time was 1 year (6 months to 2 years). Retinal reattachment was evaluated by B-ultrasound, fundus photography and OCT after operation in 10 patients. 1 patient with macular retinal detachment had improved visual acuity. 9 patient developed diplopia after operation, but diplopia disappears 1-3 months after operation.1 patient still had diplopia 4 months after operation, and FCB was removed 4 months after operation. No retinal detachment occurred after operation, and the symptoms of diplopia disappeared. Conclusion Preliminary study can confirm that the implantation of the foldable capsule buckle is safe and effective for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with a relatively posterior position (>15mm from the back of the corneal limbus) and the traditional scleral buckling is difficult to operate, with little damage to the ocular and easy to operate.