To meet the demands of ophthalmic medical diagnosis, and to improve the efficiency of medical staff and patients’ treatment, the authors designed an ophthalmological multifunctional ruler. Its main material is PVC, and mainly includes a circular disk and 4 rules (the main ruler, the first ruler, the second ruler and the third ruler). Its functions mainly contain the measurement of length, visual test, illumination, the angle measurement for patients position and so on. The ruler is ingenious in design and has complete functions, which can meet the requirements of ophthalmic medical treatment and diagnosis.

Objective: To explore the application effect of standardized training and assessment of emergency nursing skills in ophthalmology nurses. Methods: We implemented standardized training and assessment of emergency nursing skills for 142 ophthalmology nurses in our hospital, compared the difference between the first aid theory and the first aid skill operation before and after the training, and used a self-made questionnaire to conduct training evaluation surveys. Results: After implementing the standardized training of emergency nursing skills, the assessment scores of first aid theory and skill operation of ophthalmology nurses were higher than those of the pre-training assessment. And the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). More than 90% of ophthalmology nurses had a positive opinion on first aid training. Conclusion: Standardized training and assessment of emergency nursing skills have improved the clinical emergency nursing level of ophthalmology nurses and cultivated a good emergency nursing awareness and teamwork spirit. At the same time, they have strengthened nurses’ self-worth and professional identity, and achieved better training results.

Dry eye is one of the most common ocular surface diseases, characterized by a loss homeostasis of tear film,and accompanied by ocular symptoms. The treatment of dry eye aims to eliminate the cause of disease, relieve symptoms, and protect the visual function, among which psychological care, physical treatment of eyelid, health education and management outside the hospital are particularly important. High quality holistic nursing plan is helpful to the treatment of dry eye patients. Based on the consensus of the diagnosis and treatmen of dry eye,combined with our nursing experience, our team has developed and applied a personalized and comprehensive holistic nursing plan for dry eye patients.

In the era of developing precision medicine, the Ophthalmic Center of Peking University Third Hospital has taken the lead in establishing a dry eye precision medical platform. By standardizing and optimizing the diagnosis and treatment process of dry eye, this center provides personalized treatment plan and prevention guidance for patients, effectively improves the accuracy of dry eye diagnosis and the effectiveness of treatment, at the same time,improves the reception efficiency of dry eye clinic, and improves the patient’s clinic experience. In this paper, the construction content, standardized inspection process and personalized diagnosis and treatment scheme of dry eye precision medicine platform system will be described. Combined with the actual clinical cases, the exploration of the Peking University Third Hospital in dry eye precision medicine will be comprehensively analyzed, and the future of dry eye precision medical platform will be prospected.

Due to its unique self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation capabilities, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become an emerging therapy that replaces of ineffective conventional options in treating multiple diseases. It plays an important role in ocular surface illnesses through a variety of functions, including immunoregulation, promoting repairing, anti-angiogenesis mechanisms, and cell replacement. MSCs from different sources have different mechanisms.So far, 8 registered clinical trials of MSCs therapy have been applied to treat dry eye, ocular burn, keratoconus and other ocular surface diseases.

Objective: To understand the level of self-care ability of patients with dry eye and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: A total of 293 patients with dry eye were selected from Zhongshan University Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center from February 2022 to June 2022, the general data Questionnaire，the general self-efficacy Scale and the self-care ability Scale survey were used to collect the data of patients. Results: A total of 293 patients with dry eye were investigated,, and the self-care ability score was 113.34±9.98, which was at the medium level. The total score of self-care ability, the scores of self-concept, self-care responsibility, health knowledge level and self-care skills of patients with dry eye were positively correlated with the scores of self-efficacy (r=0.421, all P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that, the screen use time >10h, combined with systemic disease and low self-efficacy score were influential factors for the self-care ability of patients with dry eye (P<0.05). Conclusions: The level of self-care ability of patients with dry eye disease is at a medium level, and it still needs to be strengthened. In the work, medical workers should focus on patients with long screen use, combined systemic diseases and low self -efficacy, and corresponding nursing countermeasures should be developed to improve the level of patients' self-care ability.

Blood-based eye drops can be used effectively in the treatment of dry eyes. The sources of blood-based eye drops can be divided into autologous and donor, and donor sources can be divided into adult peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood, which are prepared in the form of serum, platelet-rich plasma, platelet-derived growth facters and platelet lysate. Due to the different principles and indications of various blood products, the consensus issues on the preparation and challenges of different blood-based eye drop products are reviewed.

Dry eye is one of the most common ocular surface diseases. It is characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and accompanied by ocular symptoms, in which tear film instability and tear hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation, and neurosensory abnormalities play major etiological roles. Diquafosol tetrasodium is a purinergic P2Y2 receptor agonist that promotes mucin and aqueous tear secretion. The unique pharmacological mechanism of diquafosol tetrasodium opens up a new direction for the medical therapies of dry eye. This article reviews the clinical therapeutic effect and research progress of diquafosol tetrasodium for the past few years.

Objective: To evaluate the teaching needs and satisfaction of the eight-year program medical students to the whole-course tutors. Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire survey was conducted among the eight-year program medical students at Sun Yat-sen University. All students were divided the junior group and the senior group, and the differences between the two groups were compared. Results: A total of 352 valid questionnaires were collected. The proportion of students who were fairly satisfied with their whole-course tutors was 45.56% in  the junior group and 37.79% in the senior group (P=0.087). The proportion of students who were fairly satisfied with the whole-course tutorial system was 36.67% in the junior group and 33.14% in the senior group (P=0.806). The proportion of students who “know well” and “know fairly well” about the whole-course tutorial system in the junior group was significantly lower than that in the senior group (16.67% vs 77.91%, P<0.001). The proportion of students in the junior group expecting their whole-course tutors “having a great impact” or “having some impact” on career planning, clinical thinking, scientific research thinking and mental health was significantly higher than that in the senior group (tests for proportions, all P<0.001, 83.33% vs 36.63%, 92.22% vs 29.07%, 91.67% vs 31.39%, 62.78% vs 38.37%). Conclusion: The eight-year program medical students are satisfied with their whole-course tutors and the whole-course tutorial system. However, some problems still exist, such as lower grade students lack of understanding of the whole-course tutorial system, insufficient contact between tutors and students, the actual influences of tutors failing to meet the students’ expectation, and insufficient opportunity of scientific research and training. It is urgent to improve the whole-course tutorial system and promote the cultivation of qualified medical talents.

Fungal keratitis is a significant cause of corneal blindness in tropical and subtropical countries. With the development of modern medicine, the cure rate of early fungal keratitis has been significantly improved after medical or surgical treatment. However, due to the lack of timely and reasonable treatment for many patients with fungal keratitis, the disease has become difficult to treat and the prognosis is poor. With the efforts of numerous scholars, some new advances have been made in the treatment of recalcitrant fungal keratitis in recent years, such as antifungal drugs and administration methods. At present, the treatment methods of recalcitrant fungal keratitis have their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to understand the available antifungal therapies, their indications and side effects for the treatment of recalcitrant fungal keratitis.