Objective: To observe the clinical effect of intense pulse light (IPL) on MGD dry eyes. Methods: Sixty-four patients(64 right eyes) with MGD dry eye from October 2019 to December 2019 were collected and randomly divided into control group (n=32) and observation group (n=32). The control group was treated with meibomian gland massage combined with conventional medicine, while the observation group was treated with IPL combined with meibomian gland massage and conventional medicine. The course of treatment of both groups was 6 weeks. The dry eye symptoms, dry eye signs and meibomian gland function changes were observed before and after treatment in both groups. Results: The dry eye symptoms, physical signs and meibomian gland function of the two groups after treatment were significantly improved compared with those before treatment (P>0.05). The improvement of dry eye  symptoms, physical signs and meibomian gland function in observation group were better than those of the control group at two and four weeks after treatment (P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at 6 weeks after treatment (P>0.05). The effective rate in observation group was 87.5% (28/32) after 6 weeks treatment, while control group was 75% (24/32), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.021). No adverse reactions occurred in both groups during the treatment. Conclusion: IPL combined with meibomian gland massage can effectively reduce the ocular discomfort and improve the function of meibomian gland in MGD dry eyes,which is faster and more effective than meibomian gland massage alone.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in tears and the severity of dry eye. Methods: Sixty patients with dry eye were selected and investigated with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and ophthalmic examination, including tear film break-up time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining score (CFLS) and tear secretion test (Schirmer I test). The level of PGE2 in tears was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationship between the level of PGE2 in tears and related indexes of dry eye clinical symptoms was analyzed. Results: The average level of PGE2 in tears of patients with dry  eye was (446.39±139.34) pg/mL. The level of PGE2 in tears of patients with dry eye was positively correlated with the OSDI score (r=0.458, P<0.001). PGE2 levels were not significantly correlated with BUT (r=0.164, P=0.354),Schirmer I score (r=?0.076, P=0.460), and CFLS score (r=0.265, P=0.086). Linear regression analysis showed that the level of PGE2 in tears was positively correlated with OSDI score (95% CI: 7.04–20.18, t=4.01, P<0.001).Conclusion: The level of PGE2 in tears is positively correlated with OSDI score, but has no significant correlation with BUT, the CFLS score and Schirmer I test.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between NO₂ levels in air pollutants and dry eye. Methods: The clinical data of 75 279 patients with dry eye from January 2014 to January 2018 were selected and summarized. The air quality and weather data were from the daily ambient air quality data of Xi’an Meteorological Bureau from 2014 to 2018. Environmental air pollutants NO₂ was included in the analysis. All data were collected on an hourly basis. We calculated the daily average for each variable and then calculated the weekly average used in this study.All patients in this study volunteered to participate. , and this study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Results: We found that the number of outpatient visits for dry eye was significantly correlated with NO₂ levels. Our study found that people of different ages were affected by different parameter changes. The concentration of NO₂ in the environment was significantly correlated with dry eyes in all age groups, and is not selective for gender. Both men and women could develop dry eyes due to different levels of NO₂ in the environment. Our results showed that higher levels of environmental NO₂ increased the chances of dry eyes in outpatients. By analyzing the correlation between the cumulative number of patients and the NO₂ concentration in the environment, we found that the correlation was significant.Therefore, ambient air pollution and weather changes may lead to the deterioration of dry eye. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between atmospheric pollutant NO₂ and dry eye disease.

Objective: To investigate the effects of high caffeine intake in a short period on tear film dynamics in healthy adults. Methods: The participants were 12 healthy adults (20–30 years old) with no history of ocular surface disease. Participants were given 5.0 mg/kg caffeine (preset the coffee powder according to the concentration)under constant routine conditions. Tear film parameters were assessed and tear collection was performed 2 h before and after caffeine intake. The tear meniscus height, non-invasive tear break-up time, Schirmer I test, intraocular pressure and average lipid layer thickness were all measured after a large amount of caffeine intake. Results: The tear meniscus height, non-invasive tear break-up time and intraocular pressure were significantly increased after caffeine intake, while the average lipid layer thickness was significantly lower than that before caffeine intake. The amount of  tear fluid collected by Schirmer’s I test paper was not statistically significant, and there was no gender difference in the effects of caffeine on tear secretion. Conclusion: After high caffeine intake, ocular tear dynamics are significantly altered and caffeine can stimulate tear secretion in healthy, non-dry-eyed subjects.

Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS), also called glaucomatocyclitic crisis, is characterized by recurrent non-granulomatous anterior uveitis, accompanied by elevated intraocular pressure. It is able to develop into chronic secondary glaucoma and eventually lead to optic nerve injury. Although the overall prognosis of PSS is favourable, there are still some patients whose optic nerve injury continues to progress and even lead to blindness due to recurrent attacks of ocular hypertension. At present, the exact cause of PSS is not clear, and the treatment is mainly to control inflammation and intraocular pressure. This article will elaborate the research status of PSS from two aspects of etiology and treatment to provide ideas and reference for the basic research clinical diagnosis and treatment of PSS.

Objective: To explore the teaching mode based on competency in emergency treatment of ocular trauma.Methods: By analyzing the teaching status of emergency treatment for ocular trauma and combining with the competency characteristics of medical students, a competency-based teaching system for emergency treatment of ocular trauma was constructed. Results: The advantage of the teaching system for emergency treatment of ocular trauma based on competency was that it took actual clinical needs as the starting point, which could improve students’ clinical practice ability, critical thinking ability, team work, self-cognition, medical humanistic quality and other aspects, so as to be better qualified for clinical work. Conclusion: The teaching mode based on competency can comprehensively improve the practical ability of training doctors in emergency treatment of ocular trauma.

Objective: To analyze the internal demands of the application of artificial intelligence technology to ophthalmic care, and provide guidance and basis for the development and application of artificial intelligence technology in ophthalmic hospitals. Methods: Using the method of combining cluster sampling with simple random sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the ophthalmic nursing staff in the selected target hospitals from July to August 2019, which included general information and artificial intelligence needs. Results: Most of the respondents came from the third-class hospitals (89.2%), and hospitals in South China account for 87.2% of them. There are diverse demands of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology clinical nursing applications, including health education, clinical reception and triage, patients return visits, which have the strongest demand for the artificial intelligence, accounting for 95.7%, 93.5%, and 93.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The application of artificial intelligence in ophthalmic clinical nursing has strong and diversified demands, and the research and development of artificial intelligence in the health education of ophthalmic patients and other related applications should be promoted according to the actual demands.

A case of corneal burn caused by arc light due to electrical short is reported. Specialist examination: ischemic areas of the temporal limbus bulbar conjunctiva in both eyes were less than 1/3, the corneal epithelium was white and cloudy, and the epithelium was partially peeled. The corneas became transparent after 2 weeks’ treatment of removing the white necrotic tissue, anti-inflammatory and dilating pupil. During the follow-up within 3 months, the patient’s lens and fundus showed no obvious abnormalities. The injury mechanism of arc light caused by electrical short to the eyeball is discussed.

Objective: To investigate the effect of conductive education training on the quality of life in visually impaired students. Methods: It was a prospective randomized controlled trial. The visual impairment students who had registered in Quanzhou Special Education School in 2020 were selected and randomly divided into two groups: conductive education training group and control group. The conductive education training group received conductive education training, while the control group received routine rehabilitation training. Chinese version low vision quality of life questionnaire (CLVQOL) was used to assess the quality of life of low vision students at baseline and 3 months after training, and comparative analysis was conducted. Results: All 72 students with visual impairment completed CLVQOL surveys. At baseline, there was no significant difference in total CLVQOL scores between groups. After 3 months, overall CLVQOL scores increased in both groups, from baseline 59 (48.5, 80.5) to 105 (97.5, 119.5) in the conductive education group (Z=-4.781, P<0.001), and 69 (56, 85) to 106 (80, 112) in the control group (Z=-4.438, P<0.001). The total score of CLVQOL (P=0.021), reading and fine work subscale (P=0.004), and daily activities subscale (P<0.003) in the conductive education training group were higher than those in the control group. Conclusion: Conductive education training is an important method of low vision rehabilitation training, which can significantly improve the quality of life of patients.