Objective: To explore a non-invasive and smart device for monitoring quantitative visual behavior of school-age children, and to analyze quantitatively the correlation between visual behavior and myopia. Method: One hundred and seventy-one subjects aged 7-11 years old were recruited from the third grade of Shiwan Second Primary School and the fifth grade of Shicheng Middle School in Chan cheng District, Foshan City. All participants were divided into myopia group (108 subjects) and non myopia (63 subjects) group based on the results of non ciliary muscle paralysis optometry, and wear devices “clips” (Hangzhou Jingzhijing Company). All participants near-work distant, near-work time, near-work light and time spent in outdoor activities from September 21, 2020 to October 10, 2020 were recorded. The study compare the differences in these habits between the myopia group and the non myopia group, and logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the impacts of habitual eye and myopia. Result: The prevalence of myopia was 63.2%. There were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the myopic group and the non myopic group in terms of average daily near-work time, average single near-work time, average near-work distance, average near-work light at the day, average near-work light at night, average daily outdoor activity time, and average daily effective outdoor activity exposure. Logistic regression analysis results show that longer average single near-work time and longer average daily near-work time were risk factors for myopia. Spearman correlation analysis results showed that the average single near-work time and average daily near-work time were positively correlated with the occurrence of myopia (P<0.05). The area under the curve for predicting myopia occurrence by combining average single near-work time and average daily near-work time was 0.939. Conclusion: The wearable device “Cloud clip” can be used to quantitatively monitor visual behavior of school-age children. The occurrence of myopia in school-age children may be related to the increase of near-work; The predictive model combined myopia children's refractive development can be evaluate the quantitative risk of myopia. The school-age children can be classified and managed, Personalized interventions could be a protective factor for myopia.

Objective: To explore a non-invasive and smart device for monitoring quantitative visual behavior of school-age children, and to analyze quantitatively the correlation between visual behavior and myopia. Method: One hundred and seventy-one subjects aged 7-11 years old were recruited from the third grade of Shiwan Second Primary School and the fifth grade of Shicheng Middle School in Chan cheng District, Foshan City. All participants were divided into myopia group (108 subjects) and non myopia (63 subjects) group based on the results of non ciliary muscle paralysis optometry, and wear devices “clips” (Hangzhou Jingzhijing Company). All participants near-work distant, near-work time, near-work light and time spent in outdoor activities from September 21, 2020 to October 10, 2020 were recorded. The study compare the differences in these habits between the myopia group and the non myopia group, and logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the impacts of habitual eye and myopia. Result: The prevalence of myopia was 63.2%. There were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the myopic group and the non myopic group in terms of average daily near-work time, average single near-work time, average near-work distance, average near-work light at the day, average near-work light at night, average daily outdoor activity time, and average daily effective outdoor activity exposure. Logistic regression analysis results show that longer average single near-work time and longer average daily near-work time were risk factors for myopia. Spearman correlation analysis results showed that the average single near-work time and average daily near-work time were positively correlated with the occurrence of myopia (P<0.05). The area under the curve for predicting myopia occurrence by combining average single near-work time and average daily near-work time was 0.939. Conclusion: The wearable device “Cloud clip” can be used to quantitatively monitor visual behavior of school-age children. The occurrence of myopia in school-age children may be related to the increase of near-work; The predictive model combined myopia children's refractive development can be evaluate the quantitative risk of myopia. The school-age children can be classified and managed, Personalized interventions could be a protective factor for myopia.

Vision is the basis of normal human life activities and 80% of information is acquired through vision. Eye diseases often lead to impaired vision or even blindness, severely affecting the quality of life. As the molecular mechanism is unclear, therapeutic outcomes for various blindness-causing eye diseases remain suboptimal. Over the past decade, the development of single-cell genomics technology has made it possible to obtain multi-dimensional information on genomes, epigenomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes of tissues and organs at the single-cell level, providing a powerful tool to study the molecular mechanisms of eye diseases and facilitate their precision diagnosis. Meanwhile, single-cell genomics technology has also been applied to drug discovery and screening, which is expected to change the situation of traditional drug development that is costly [1], time-consuming [2], and has a high failure rate. In this review, we describe the cutting-edge advances in single-cell omics technology and its applications in precision diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases and in drug discovery and screening.

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common ocular complications in patients with Diabetes (DM) and one of the four major blinding diseases around the world. However, the pathogenesis of DR Is complicated and unclear, so it is difficult to predict the progression time and probability of DR Disease. Markov chain model is a mathematical model that can be used to simulate the development and change process of diseases and predict the trend and prognosis of diseases. In the field of ophthalmology, Markov chain model can predict the development of diabetic retinopathy and provide new ideas for clinical practice. This will help doctors better understand the development law of DR, predict the change of patients' condition, evaluate the effect of intervention measures, formulate more reasonable screening and intervention programs, improve the treatment effect, reduce the occurrence of complications, and improve the prevention and control efficiency of chronic diseases. In the future, Markov chain model is expected to provide more accurate scientific basis for the field of ophthalmology, help doctors predict and manage the condition of DR Patients, provide personalized treatment for patients, and maximize the protection of vision and quality of life.

Abstract:Objective: To explore the potential causal relationship between osteoarthritis and glaucoma using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: Based on the summary data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) highly associated with osteoarthritis and glaucoma were selected as instrumental variables. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main analysis method, supplemented by the weighted median estimation model (weighted median), the weighted model-based method (weighted mode), the MR-Egger regression model, and the simple mode (SM) method. F statistics, Cochran Q test, MR Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO test, leave one out (LOO) sensitivity analysis were performed. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as effect indicators to explore the bidirectional causal relationship between osteoarthritis and glaucoma. Results: The IVW results showed that osteoarthritis increased the risk of glaucoma (OR=1.10, 95%CI= 1.00~1.20). The results of MR Egger, SM, weighted mode, and weighted median also showed the same causal direction but were not statistically significant. In the reverse MR analysis, IVW analysis showed no evidence that glaucoma increased the risk of osteoarthritis (OR=1.02, 95%CI= 0.97~1.08). Similarly, MR Egger, SM, weighted mode, and weighted median did not find a causal association between the two. The F values of the instrumental variables were all greater than 10, indicating no weak instrumental variable. The Cochran Q test, MR Egger intercept test, and MR-PRESSO test showed no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy among the instrumental variables. The reverse MR analysis showed heterogeneity in the Cochran Q test but no horizontal pleiotropy. LOO analysis showed that no single SNP had a significant impact on the overall results. Conclusion: There is a positive causal association between osteoarthritis and glaucoma, and osteoarthritis increases the risk of glaucoma. Reverse MR suggests that there is no causal relationship between glaucoma and osteoarthritis.

      精准的屈光规划——人工晶状体屈光力计算，是屈光性白内障手术的重要前提。人工晶状体计算公式使用患者术前的眼部生物学参数如眼轴长度、角膜曲率、前房深度、晶状体厚度等指标来预测患者在白内障术后的屈光状态。人工晶状体屈光力计算公式自1967年出现以来，不断发展革新，准确性得到了极大的提升。封面展示了几种基于不同原理而构建的计算公式：回归公式(以SRK公式为代表)、基于模型眼的会聚公式(以Holladay 1等为代表)、射线追踪公式(以Olsen为代表)与人工智能公式(以RBF为代表)。目前对于普通白内障患者，现有公式能够获得良好的预测准确性。然而，对于临床上很多特殊的患者(如眼球解剖参数异常、既往有其他眼病或眼部手术史)，如何准确预测术后的屈光状态仍存在较大的挑战。路途漫漫，学者们为提升人工晶状体屈光力计算准确性的努力却从未止步，力求为患者提供最佳的白内障手术效果。

A 30-year-old male patient presented at our institution with a history of poor vision in both eyes since childhood, exacerbated by blurriness under bright light for over four years. Following a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, the patient was diagnosed with bilateral pupillary membrane remnants and refractive errors. The patient underwent a two-stage surgical intervention, starting with the removal of the pupillary membrane remnants, followed by the implantation of toric implantable collamer lenses (TICL) in the posterior chamber of the lensless eyes. Postoperative outcomes were favorable, with significant improvement in visual acuity. This article reviews the therapeutic journey of the patient, offering insights into the diagnosis and management of individuals with concurrent refractive anomalies and pupillary membrane remnants, thereby contributing to the clinical discourse on the subject.

With the continuous advancement of corneal disease treatment technology, Bowman layer transplantation (including Inlay and Onlay technology) has become an important means for the treatment of advanced progressive keratoconus, which can effectively improve the corneal topography and visual acuity of patients, stabilize corneal dilation, and improve the quality of life of patients. Tis article reviews the theoretical basis of Bowman layer transplantation, the source and preparation of grafs, surgical techniques, clinical efcacy, and related complications, which provides a new perspective for the treatment of advanced keratoconus. It is stated in the research that this advanced transplantation technique has significant advantages over traditional methods in reducing surgical risks, simplifying the surgical procedures, and improving postoperative recovery. Especially in reducing the risk of allograft rejection and surgical complications, the bowman layer transplantation performs excellently. As a novel developed method, Onlay technology has the unique advantage of eliminating the need to dissect the cornea, which beter protects the corneal structure. In addition, due to the highly adaptable and reversible nature of this technique, it provides patients with more treatment options and beter visual recovery. However, in terms of technical details such as customizing the size and shape of the transplant, optimizing the surgical depth, etc., it is needed to conduct further research and optimization to improve the overall treatment efect.

Patients with low vision are severely impaired in visual function due to different ocular and neurological disorders,which have a serious impact on their daily activities (such as reading and driving), quality of life and mental health.People's perception of external information mainly comes from vision. Expect for the life-threatening major diseases,visual damage has the greatest impact on people's senses. With the ageing of the population, the problem is getting worse, and low vision has become a serious public health problem in the world. Currently the development of low vision rehabilitation is facing a huge challenge in clinical and scientific research, to develop a visual impairment assistance technology that can effectively improve visual function while balancing multiple functions. It requires the joint development and cooperation of multiple disciplines such as medicine, biology, engineering, microelectronics, and computer science. Low vision rehabilitation provides patients with appropriate visual impairment assistance technology,maximizing the use of residual vision and visual function of patients, improving the functional limitations associated with low vision, effectively improving their independence and overall quality of life, and makes it possible for them to live, work and integrate into the society independently. This article reviews the progress in the application on visual impaired assistive technologies such as classic visual aids, artificial vision (visual prostheses/visual sensory replacement devices), transcranial stimulation and visual biofeedback training in low vision rehabilitation.